i`"B 1 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

izfrn'kZ Á'u i= 2
d{kk&10 ijh{kk 2023&24
fgUnh&c ¼dksM&085½

fu/kkZfjr le;& 3 ?kaVs iw.kk±d & 80

lkekU; funsZ'k&
1- bl iz'ui= esa nks [kaM gSa& [kaM ^v* vkSj ^c*A
2- [kaM ^v* esa miÁ'uksa lfgr 45 oLrqijd Á'u iwNs x, gSaA fn, x, funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq, dqy 40 Á'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A
3- [kaM ^c* esa o.kZukRed Á'u iwNs x, gSa] vkarfjd fodYi Hkh fn, x, gSaA
4- funsZ'kksa dks cgqr lko/kkuh ls if<+, vkSj mudk ikyu dhft,A
5- nksuksa [kaM+ksa ds dqy 18 Á'u gSaA nksuksa [kaM+ksa ds Á'uksa ds mÙkj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
6- ;FkklHko nksuksa [kaMksa ds Á'uksa ds mÙkj Øe'k% fyf[k,A

[kaM&v ¼oLrqijd Á'u½

1- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwod
Z i<+dj blds vk/kkj ij lokZf/kd mi;qDr mÙkj okys fodYi pqudj fyf[k,& (1 # 5 = 5)
Hkkjr ds izkphu fopkjdksa us vPNk ukxfjd cuus ds fy, dqN fu;eksa dk izko/kku fd;k gSA bu fu;eksa esa ok.kh vkSj O;ogkj dh
'kqf)] drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj dk leqfpr fuokZg] 'kq)re ikjLifjd ln~Hkko vkSj lsok dh Hkkouk vkfn fu;e cgqr egRoiw.kZ ekus x,
gSaA ;s lHkh fu;e ;fn ,d O;fDRk ds pkfjf=d xq.kksa ds :i esa Hkh vfuok;Z ekus tk,¡ rks mldk viuk thou lq[kh vkSj vkuane;
gks ldrk gSA lHkh xq.kksa dk fodkl ,d ckyd esa ;fn mldh ckY;koLFkk ls gh fd;k tk, rks og vius ns'k dk Js"B ukxfjd cu
ldrk gSA bu xq.kksa ds dkj.k og vius ifjokj] vkl&iM+ksl] fo|ky; esa vius lgikfB;ksa ,oa v/;kidksa ds izfr ;Fkksfpr O;ogkj dj
ldsxkA ok.kh ,oa O;ogkj dh e/kqjrk lHkh ds fy, lq[knk;d gksrh gS] lekt esa gkfnZd ln~Hkko dh o`f) djrh gS] fdarq vgadkjghu
O;fDRk gh fLuX/k ok.kh vkSj f'k"V O;ogkj dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gSA vgadkjh vkSj naHkh O;fDRk lnk vf'k"V ok.kh vkSj O;ogkj dk
vH;klh gksrk gS ftldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd ,sls vkneh ds O;ogkj ls lekt esa 'kkafr vkSj lkSgknZ dk okrkoj.k ugha curkA
ftl izdkj ,d O;fDRk lekt esa jgdj vius O;ogkj ls dRkZO; vkSj vf/kdkj ds izfr ltx jgrk gS] mlh rjg ns'k ds izfr
Hkh mldk O;ogkj drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj dh Hkkouk ls Hkkfor jguk pkfg,A mldk dRkZO; gks tkrk gS fd u rks og Lo;a dksbZ ,slk
dke djsa vkSj u gh nwljksa dks djus nsa] ftlesa ns'k ds lEeku] laifÙk vkSj LokfHkeku dks Bsl yxsA
lekt ,oa ns'k esa 'kkafr cuk, j[kus ds fy, /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk Hkh cgqr vko';d gSA ;g o`fÙk rHkh vk ldrh gS tc O;fDRk
larfq yr O;fDrRo dk gksA og vkarfjd o ckgjh la?k"kZ ls ijs lkekftdrk dh vuqHkwfr ls ifjiw.kZ O;fDrRo gksuk pkfg,A
¼1½ x|ka'k ds lanHkZ esa vPNk ukxfjd cuus ds fy, fu;eksa dk izko/kku vko';d gS] D;ksafd ;g&
¼d½ Lora=rk dks c<+kok nsrk gS ftlls okrkoj.k dks 'kakfr ls ifjiw.kZ djrk gS
¼[k½ O;fDrRo dks fu[kkjdj thou dks vkeksn&izeksn ls ifjiw.kZ djrk gS
¼x½ O;fDrRo dks fu[kkjdj thou dks lq[k vkSj eaxydkeuk ls ifjiw.kZ djrk gS
¼?k½ O;fDr dks vgadkj] fLuX/k ok.kh vkSj f'k"V O;ogkj ls ifjiw.kZ djrk gS
¼2½ ok.kh ,oa O;ogkj dh e/kqjrk lHkh ds fy, lq[knk;d gksrh gSA
bl dFku ds fy, mi;qDr rdZ gS&
¼d½ ns'k ds lEeku] laifÙk vkSj LokfHkeku dks Bsl igq¡prh gS
¼[k½ ns'k o lekt esa 'kkafr vkSj lkSgknZ dk okrkoj.k ugha curk
¼x½ dÙkZO; vkSj vf/kdkj dk leqfpr fuokZg cgqr vko';d gS
¼?k½ lekt esa gkfnZd ln~Hkko dh o`f+) vkSj lq[k dh izfr"Bk gksrh gSA

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i`"B 2 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

¼3½ vgadkjh vkSj naHkh O;fDr lnk vH;klh gksrk gS&

¼d½ vf'k"V ok.kh vkSj O;ogkj dk ¼[k½ e/kqj ,oa vf'k"V O;ogkj dk
¼x½ vf'k"V ok.kh ,oa O;ogkj dh 'kqf) dk ¼?k½ fLuX/k ok.kh vkSj vf'k"V O;ogkj dk
¼4½ larqfyr O;fDrRo ls rkRi;Z gS&
¼d½ vkarfjd o ckgjh la?k"kZ ls laiw.kZ lkekftdrk dh vuqHkwfr ls ifjiw.kZ O;fDrRo
¼[k½ ns'k esa iw.kZr% vkn'kZ ukxfjd dk O;ogkj djus okyk lq[knk;d O;fDrRo
¼x½ vkarfjd o ckgjh la?k"kZ ls jfgr laiw.kZ lkekftdrk dh vuqHkwfr ls ifjiw.kZ O;fDrRo
¼?k½ dÙkZO; vkSj vf/kdkj ds izfr ltx jgus okyk Hkkoqd izo`fÙk ls ifjiw.kZ O;fDrRo
¼5½ fuEufyf[kr dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,A mlds ckn fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls dksbZ ,d lgh fodYi pqudj
fyf[k,A
dFku (A) % ns'k esa /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk dh vko';drk gSA
dkj.k (R) % lekt ,oa ns'k esa 'kkafr cuh jgsxhA
¼d½ dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ nksuksa xyr gSaA
¼[k½ dFku ¼A½ xyr gS ysfdu dkj.k ¼R½ lgh gSA
¼x½ dFku ¼A½ lgh gS ysfdu dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh xyr O;k[;k djrk gS
¼?k½ dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ nksuksa lgh gS rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gSA

2- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj blds vk/kkj ij lokZf/kd mi;qDr mÙkj okys fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
(1 # 5 = 5)
bZ";kZ esa iz;RuksRikfnuh 'kfDr cgqr de gksrh gSA mlesa og osx ugha gksrk tks Øks/k vkfn esa gksrk gS D;ksafd vkyL; vkSj uSjk';
ds vkJ; ls rks mldh mRifÙk gh gksrh gSA tc vkyL; vkSj uSjk'; ds dkj.k viuh mUufr ds gsrq iz;Ru djuk rks nwj jgk] ge
viuh mUufr dk /;ku rd vius eu esa ugha yk ldrs] rHkh ge gkjdj nwljs dh fLFkfr dh vksj ckj&ckj ns[krs gSa vkSj lksprs gSa
fd ;fn mldh fLFkfr ,slh u gksrh rks gekjh fLFkfr tSlh gS oSlh jgus ij Hkh cqjh u fn[kkbZ nsrhA viuh fLFkfr dks T;ksa&dh&R;ksa
j[k lkisf{kdrk }kjk lUrks"k&ykHk djus dk <hyk ;Ru vkyL; vkSj uSjk'; ugha rks vkSj D;k gS\ tks oLrq mTtoy ugha gS mls
eSyh oLrq ds ikl j[kdj ge mldh mTtoyrk ls dc rd vkSj dgk¡ rd larks"k dj ldrs gSa\ tks viuh mUufr ds iz;Ru esa
cjkcj yxk jgrk gS mls u rks uSjk'; gksrk gS vkSj u gj ?kM+h nwljs dh fLFkfr ls viuh fLFkfr ds feyku djrs jgus dh QqjlrA
bZ";kZ dh lcls vPNh nok gS m|ksx vkSj vk'kkA ftl oLrq ds fy, m|ksx vkSj vk'kk fu"Qy gks] ml ij ls viuk /;ku gVkdj
n`f"V dh vuUrrk ls ykHk mBkuk pkfg,A
ftlls bZ";kZ dh tkrh gS ml ij ml bZ";kZ dk izHkko D;k iM+rk gS ;g Hkh ns[k ysuk pkfg,A bZ";kZ vizs"; euksfodkj
gSA ;g igys gh dgk tk pqdk gS fd fdlh euq"; dks vius ls bZ";kZ djrs ns[k ge Hkh cnys esa mlls bZ";kZ ugha djus yxrsA
nwljs dks bZ";kZ djrs ns[k ge mlls ?k`.kk djrs gSaA nwljs dh bZ";kZ dk Qy Hkksx dj ge ml ij Øks/k djrs gSa] ftlesa vf/kd
vfu"Vdkfj.kh 'kfDr gksrh gSA vr% bZ";kZ ,slh cqjkbZ gS] ftldk cnyk ;fn feyrk gS rks dqN vf/kd gh feyrk gSA blls bl ckr
dk vkHkkl feyrk gS fd izd`fr ds dkuwu esa bZ";kZ ,d iki ;k tqeZ gSA vijk/kh dks Hkh dsoy mruk gh d"V igq¡pkuk lkekftd U;k;
ugha gS] vf/kd d"V igq¡pkuk U;k; gS] D;ksafd fujijk/k O;fDr dh fLFkfr dks vijk/kh dh fLFkfr ls vPNk fn[kykuk U;k; dk dke gSA
¼1½ tks viuh mUufr ds iz;kl esa yxk jgrk gS] mls
¼d½ bruh Qqjlr ugha jgrh fd gj ne og nwljs dh fLFkfr ls viuh fLFkfr dh rqyuk djrk jgsA
¼[k½ fujk'k gksus dk le; ugha feyrkA
¼x½ Øks/k djus ls cps jgus dk volj feyrk gSA
¼?k½ fdlh ls bZ";kZ djus dh t:jr ugha gksrhA
¼2½ fdlh dks vius ls bZ";kZ djrs ns[k cnys esa ge
¼d½ mlls bZ";kZ djus yxrs gSaA ¼[k½ ml ij Øks/k ugha djrs gSaA
¼x½ mlls cnyk ysus dh Hkkouk dks tUe nsus yxrs gSaA ¼?k½ mlls ?k`.kk djus yxrs gSaA

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i`"B 3 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

¼3½ bZ";kZ dk lcls vPNk mipkj gS fd

¼d½ bZ";kZyq O;fDr ls bZ";kZ dh tk,A ¼[k½ bZ";kZyq dks nf.Mr fd;k tk,A
¼x½ vk'kkiw.kZ <ax ls viuk m|ksx fd;k tk,A ¼?k½ bZ";kZyq dks mlds gky ij NksM+ fn;k tk,A
¼4½ fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
¼i½ tks osx Øks/k esa gksrk gS og bZ";kZ esa ugha gksrkA
¼ii½ nwljs dks bZ";kZ djrs ns[k ge mlls Áse djrs gSaA
¼iii½ Øks/k vkSj bZ";kZ esa cjkcj osx gksrk gSA
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lgh gSa\
¼d½ dsoy ¼i½ ¼[k½ dsoy ¼ii½
¼x½ ¼i½ vkSj ¼iii½ ¼?k½ ¼ii½ vkSj ¼iii½
¼5½ fuEufyf[kr dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ dks /;kuiwoZd if<+, mlds ckn fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls dksbZ ,d lgh fodYIk pqudj
fyf[k,&
dFku (A) % bZ";kZ esa iz;RuksRikfnuh 'kfDr cgqr de gksrh gSA
dkj.k (R) % bZ";kZ dh mRifÙk vkyL; vkSj uSjk'; ls gksrh gSA
¼d½ dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ nksuks xyr gSa
¼[k½ dFku ¼A½ xyr gSa ysfdu dkj.k ¼R½ lgh gS
¼x½ dFku ¼A½ lgh gS ysfdu dkj.k ¼R½ mldh xyr O;k[;k djrk gS
¼?k½ dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ nksuks lgh gS rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gS
3- funsZ'kkuqlkj ^inca/k* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p cgqfodYih; Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& (1 # 4 = 4)
¼1½ ^rrk¡jk dks ekuks dqN gks'k vk;kA* okD; esa js[kkafdr inca/k gS&
¼d½ laKk inca/k ¼[k½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼x½ fØ;k inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;k fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼2½ ^vki rks cgqr cM+s /kkfeZd vkneh gSaA* bl okD; esa fo'ks"k.k inca/k gS&
¼d½ vki rks ¼[k½ cgqr cM+s /kkfeZd
¼x½ vkneh gSa ¼?k½ iwjk okD;
¼3½ fØ;k inca/k dk mnkgj.k Nk¡fV,&
¼d½ ;g dke rks ges'kk vkn'kZoknh yksxksa us gh fd;k gSA ¼[k½ fcYyh us mpddj nks esa ls ,d vaMk rksM+ fn;kA
¼x½ 'kSysanz rks fQYe&fuekZrk cuus ds fy, loZFkk v;ksX; FksA ¼?k½ nksuksa dcwrj jkrHkj [kkeks'k vkSj mnkl cSBs jgrs gSaA
¼4½ ^fuHkhZd vkSj lkglh ot+hj vyh vius vf/kdkj ds fy, yM+ jgk FkkA* okD; esa js[kkafdr inca/k gS&
¼d½ laKk inca/k ¼[k½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼x½ fØ;k inca/k ¼?k½ loZuke inca/k
¼5½ ^og b/kj&m/kj ns[krk gqvk py jgk FkkA* okD; esa js[kkafdr inca/k gS&
¼d½ fØ;k inca/k ¼[k½ fØ;k fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼x½ leqPp;cks/kd inca/k ¼?k½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
4- funsZ'kkuqlkj ^jpuk* ds vk/kkj ij okD; Hksn* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p cgqfodYih; Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj
nhft,& (1 # 4 = 4)
¼1½ ^tc mlus rrk¡jk dks ns[kk rks og QwVdj jksus yxhA* bl okD; dk ljy okD; esa :ikarj.k gksxk&
¼d½ tSls gh okehjks us rrk¡jk dks ns[kk vkSj og QwVdj jksus yxhA
¼[k½ rrk¡jk dks ns[krs gh og QwVdj jksus yxhA
¼x½ rrk¡jk dks ns[kdj okehjks QwVdj jksus yxhA
¼?k½ okehjks us rrk¡jk dks ns[kk vkSj QwVdj jksus yxhA

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i`"B 4 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

¼2½ dkWye 1 dks dkWye 2 ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
dkWye 1 dkWye 2
¼1½ tc vfouk'k ckcw us >aMk xkM+k rc iqfyl us mudks idM+ fy;kA (i) ljy okD;
¼2½ og LoHkko ls cM+s v/;;u'khy FksA (ii) la;qDr okD;
¼3½ vfHkeku fd;k vkSj nhu&nqfu;k nksuksa ls x;kA (iii) feJ okD;
fodYi
¼d½ 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii ¼[k½ 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i
¼x½ 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii ¼?k½ 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i
¼3½ ^Lokoyach O;fDr lnk lq[kh jgrs gSaA* bl okD; dk feJ okD; esa :ikarj.k gksxk&
¼d½ tks O;fDr Lokoyach gksrs gSa os lnk [kq[k jgrs gSaA ¼[k½ O;fDr Lokoyach gksrs gSa vkSj [kq'k jgrs gSaA
¼x½ O;fDr Lokoyach gksrs gSa blfy, [kq'k jgrs gSaA ¼?k½ Lokoyach O;fDr ges'kk [kq'k jgrs gSaA
¼4½ fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa la;qDr okD; gS&
¼d½ nwljs xk¡o ds ;qod ds lkFk laca/k ijaijk ds fo#) FkkA
¼[k½ HkkbZ lkgc us mNydj irax dh Mksj idM+ yh vkSj csrgk'kk gksLVy dh rjQ nkSM+sA
¼x½ Hkkstu vkt eq>s fuLokn yx jgk FkkA
¼?k½ HkkbZ lkgc lkykuk bErgku esa Qsy gks x,A
¼5½ ^eSua s cgqr ps"Vk dh fd bl igsyh dk dksbZ vFkZ fudkyw¡ ysfdu vlQy jgkA* bl okD; dk Hksn gS&
¼d½ ljy okD; ¼[k½ la;qDr okD;
¼x½ feJ okD; ¼?k½ iz/kku okD;
5- funsZ'kkuqlkj ^lekl* ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p cgqfodYih; Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& (1 # 4 = 4)
¼1½ ^ikB'kkyk* leLrin esa dkSu&lk lekl gS\
¼d½ rRiq#"k ¼[k½ deZ/kkj;
¼x½ f}xq ¼?k½ vO;;hHkko
¼2½ ^/;kueXu* dk lekl&foxzg gksxk&
¼d½ /;ku ls eXu ¼[k½ /;ku ij eXu
¼x½ /;ku esa eXu ¼?k½ /;ku dks eXu
¼3½ fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa ij fopkj dhft,&
leLr in lekl
(i) lqe`R;q (i) deZ/kkj; lekl
(ii) nhuca/kq (ii) f}xq lekl
(iii) izfrfnu (iii) vO;;hHkko lekl
(iv) Lusgghu (iv) cgqozhfg lekl
mi;qZDr ;qXeksa eas ls dkSu&ls lgh lqesfyr gSa&
¼d½ (i) vkSj (iii) ¼[k½ (i) vkSj (ii)
¼x½ (ii) vkSj (iii) ¼?k½ (iii) vkSj (iv)
¼4½ ^lqcg&'kke* ds fy, lekl&foxzg vkSj lekl dk p;u dhft,&
¼d½ lqcg ls 'kke & rRiq#"k lekl ¼[k½ lqcg ls 'kke rd & vO;;hHkko lekl
¼x½ lqcg vkSj 'kke & }a} lekl ¼?k½ lqcg ;k 'kke & f}xq lekl

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i`"B 5 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

¼5½ ^f=nso* dk lekl&foxzg ,oa Hksn gksxk&

¼d½ rhu nsoksa dk lewg & f}xq lekl ¼[k½ rhu nkuoksa dk lewg & }a} lekl
¼x½ rhu nsfo;ksa dk lewg & f}xq lekl ¼?k½ rhuksa nsoksa dk ?kj & vO;;hHkko lekl
6- funsZ'kkuqlkj ^eqgkojs* ij vk/kkfjr Ng cgqfodYih; Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Á'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& (1 # 4 = 4)
¼1½ eqgkojs vkSj vFkZ ds mfpr esy okys fodYi dk p;u dhft,&
¼d½ [ksr jguk & [ksrh djuk ¼[k½ xqLlk ihuk & Øks/k dks jksduk
¼x½ ?kqVus Vsduk & cSB tkuk ¼?k½ fpduk ?kM+k gksuk & fpduh feÍh dk ?kM+k
¼2½ ^pqxyh djuk* vFkZ ds fy, mfpr eqgkojk gS&
¼d½ izk.k lw[kuk ¼[k½ vk¡[ksa [kqyuk
¼x½ b/kj&m/kj dh yxkuk ¼?k½ lq/k&cq/k [kksuk
¼3½ vkt rks eSua s rqEgkjh -------------------- vxj dy Hkh rqeus dke ls th pqjk;k rks [kSj ughaA fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ gsrq mfpr eqgkojk pqfu,
¼d½ gok fudkyuk ¼[k½ bZaV ctkuk
¼x½ tku c['k nsuk ¼?k½ cky dh [kky fudkyuk
¼4½ ifr dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ rks mldk iq= gh mlds fy, -------------------- gSA fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ ds fy, mfpr fodYi pqfu,
¼d½ vk¡[k dk rkjk ¼[k½ va/ks dh ydM+h
¼x½ ?kj dh [ksrh ¼?k½ vk¡[k dk dk¡Vk
¼5½ js[kkafdr va'k ds fy, dkSu&lk eqgkojk iz;qDr djuk mfpr jgsxk&
oSls rks bruh ckrsa djrs gks ijarq okLro esa rqe iqjkuh iajijkvksa dk gh vuqlj.k djrs gksA
¼d½ NDds NqM+kuk ¼[k½ dksYgw dk cSy
¼x½ ydhj dk Qdhj ¼?k½ xyh dk fHk[kkjh
¼6½ ^mnkl gksuk* vFkZ ds fy, mfpr eqgkojk gS&
¼d½ ckV tksguk ¼[k½ eq¡g dh [kkuk
¼x½ igkM+ gksuk ¼?k½ psgjk mrjuk
7- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, Á'uksa ds mÙkj ds fy, lgh fodYi dk p;u dhft,& (1 # 5 = 5)
daiuh ckx ds eqgkus ij
/kj j[kh xbZ gS ;g 1857 dh rksi
bldh gksrh gS cM+h lEgky] fojklr esa feys
daiuh ckx dh rjg
lky esa pedkbZ tkrh gS nks ckjA
lqcg&'kke daiuh ckx esa vkrs gSa cgqr&ls lSykuh
mUgsa crkrh gS ;g rksi
fd eSa cM+h tcj
mM+k fn, Fks eSaus
vPNs&vPNs lwjekvksa ds /kTts
vius tekus esaA
¼1½ rksi dks dgk¡ j[kk x;k gS\
¼d½ uxj ds pkSjkgs ij ¼[k½ daiuh ckx ds eqgkus ij
¼x½ Nkouh ds eq[; }kj ij ¼?k½ us'kuy ikdZ esa
¼2½ daiuh ckx ds eqgkus ij j[kh rksi fdl le; dh gS\
¼d½ lu~ 1800 dh ¼[k½ lu~ 1820 dh
¼x½ lu~ 1857 dh ¼?k½ lu~ 1890 dh

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i`"B 6 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

¼3½ rksi dks lky esa fdruh ckj pedk;k tkrk gS\
¼d½ pkj ckj ¼[k½ nks ckj
¼x½ rhu ckj ¼?k½ ,d ckj
¼4½ rksi vius tekus esa dSlh Fkh\
¼d½ cgqr detksj ¼[k½ cgqr dherh
¼x½ cgqr 'kfDr'kkyh ¼?k½ cgqr lqanj
¼5½ fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,&
¼i½ rksi daiuh ckx ds eq[; }kj ij j[kh Fkh
¼ii½ ;g rksi lu~ 1947 esa iz;ksx dh xbZ Fkh
¼iii½ bls lky esa nks ckj [kwc pedk;k tkrk Fkk
¼iv½ daiuh ckx esa lqcg&'kke i'kq pjus vkrs Fks
¼v½ rksi ds vuqlkj og cgqr tcjnLr Fkh
i|ka'k ls esy [kkrs okD;ksa ds fy, mfpr fodYi pqfu,&
¼d½ ¼i½] ¼ii½ vkSj ¼iv½ ¼[k½ ¼ii½] ¼iv½ vkSj ¼v½
¼x½ ¼i½] ¼iii½ vkSj ¼v½ ¼?k½ ¼iii½] ¼iv½ vkSj ¼v½
8- fuEufyf[kr Á'uksa ds mÙkj nsus ds fy, mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,& (1 # 2 = 2)
¼1½ ^vkRe=k.k* dk D;k vFkZ gS\
¼d½ vkifÙk ¼[k½ viuk j{k.k Lo;a djuk
¼x½ vkRek dk mRFkku ¼?k½ vkRek dk iru
¼2½ ^ftanxh ekSr ls fey jgh gS xys* iafDr dk D;k Hkko gS\
¼d½ vkRecfynku nsuk ¼[k½ fe=ksa ls xys feyuk
¼x½ 'k=qvksa dks ijkftr djuk ¼?k½ viuh gkj Lohdkj djuk
9- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, Á'uksa ds mÙkj ds fy, lgh fodYi dk p;u dhft,& (1 # 5 = 5)
exj Vkbe&Vsfcy cuk ysuk ,d ckr gS] ml ij vey djuk nwljh ckrA igys gh fnu mldh vogsyuk 'kq: gks tkrhA eSnku
dh og lq[kn gfj;kyh] gok ds gyds&gyds >ksads] QqVck¡y dh og mNy&dwn] dcÏh ds og nk¡o&?kkr] okWyhoky dh og rsth
vkSj Qqjrh] eq>s vKkr vkSj vfuok;Z :i ls [khap ys tkrh vkSj ogk¡ tkrs gh eSa lc dqN Hkwy tkrkA og tkuysok Vkbe&Vsfcy]
og vk¡[kQksM+ iqLrdsa] fdlh dh ;kn u jgrh vkSj HkkbZ lkgc dks ulhgr vkSj Qthgr dk volj fey tkrkA eSa muds lk;s ls
Hkkxrk] mudh vk¡[kksa ls nwj jgus dh ps"Vk djrk] dejs esa bl rjg ncs ik¡o vkrk fd mUgsa [kcj u gksA mudh utj esjh vksj
mBh vkSj esjs izk.k fudysA ges'kk flj ij ,d uaxh ryokj&lh yVdrh ekywe gksrhA fQj Hkh tSls ekSr vkSj foifÙk ds chp Hkh
vkneh eksg vkSj ek;k ds ca/ku esa tdM+k jgrk gS] eSa QVdkj vkSj ?kqM+fd;k¡ [kkdj Hkh [ksy&dwn dk frjLdkj u dj ldrk FkkA
¼1½ Vkbe&Vsfcy cukus ds igys gh fnu ls D;k 'kq: gks tkrk Fkk\
¼d½ Vkbe&Vsfcy ij vey dk dke ¼[k½ Vkbe&Vsfcy dh vogsyuk dk dke
¼x½ ekSt&eLrh djus dk dke ¼?k½ fe=ksa ds lkFk [ksyus&dwnus dk dke
¼2½ ys[kd dgk¡ tkrs gh lc dqN Hkwy tkrk Fkk\
¼d½ ?kj ij ¼[k½ fo|ky; esa
¼x½ [ksy ds eSnku esa ¼?k½ Nk=kokl esa
¼3½ fuEufyf[kr dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,A mlds ckn fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls dksbZ ,d lgh fodYi pqudj
fyf[k,A
dFku (A) % Vkbe&Vsfcy cuk ysuk ,d ckr gS ysfdu ml ij vey djuk nwljh ckr gSA
dkj.k (R) % cPps [ksy ds vkxs lc dqN Hkwy tkrs gSaA
¼d½ dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ nksuksa xyr gSa
¼[k½ dFku ¼A½ xyr gS ysfdu dkj.k ¼R½ lgh gS

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i`"B 7 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

¼x½ dFku ¼A½ lgh gS ysfdu dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh xyr O;k[;k djrk gS
¼?k½ dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ nksuksa lgh gSa rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gS
¼4½ ys[kd cM+s HkkbZ ds Mj ls D;k dk;Z djrk Fkk\
¼d½ muds lk;s ls nwj Hkkxrk Fkk ¼[k½ mudh vk¡[kksa ls nwj jgus dh ps"Vk djrk Fkk
¼x½ dejs esa ncs ik¡o vkrk Fkk ¼?k½ mi;qZDr lHkh
¼5½ ys[kd }kjk Vkbe&Vsfcy dh vogsyuk djus ds dkj.kksa ij fopkj dhft, vkSj mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,&
¼i½ ys[kd dks ?kj ij jguk ilUn FkkA
¼ii½ ys[kd dks [ksydwn ilUn FkkA
¼iii½ ys[kd dks i<+uk ilUn ugha FkkA
¼iv½ ys[kd dks ?kj ij jguk ilUn FkkA
¼d½ dsoy ¼i½ ¼[k½ ¼i½ vkSj ¼iv½
¼x½ ¼iii½ vkSj ¼iv½ ¼?k½ dsoy ¼ii½
10- fuEufyf[kr Á'uksa ds mÙkj nsus ds fy, mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,& (1 # 2 = 2)
¼1½ fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls dkSu&ls okD; rrk¡jk ds pfj= dks iznf'kZr djrs gSa\
¼i½ rrk¡jk ,d lqanj vkSj 'kfDRk'kkyh ;qod FkkA
¼ii½ rrk¡jk ,d usd vkSj ennxkj O;fDr FkkA
¼iii½ og vius xk¡o dh gh ugha] cfYd lewps }hiokfl;ksa dh enn djrk FkkA
¼iv½ og vn~Hkqr nSoh; 'kfDRk dk Lokeh FkkA
fodYi
¼d½ dsoy ¼i½ ¼[k½ ¼i½ vkSj ¼iv½
¼x½ ¼ii½ vkSj ¼iv½ ¼?k½ ¼i½] ¼ii½ vkSj ¼iii½
¼2½ ^Mk;jh dk iUuk* esa tqywl vkSj /otkjksg.k dks jksdus ds fy, iqfyl us D;k fd;k\
¼d½ gqMnax epk;k ¼[k½ xksj[ks vkSj lkjtsaV rSukr dj fn,
¼x½ xouZj tujy dksydkrk igq¡ps ¼?k½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha

[kaM&c ¼o.kZukRed Á'u½

11- fuEufyf[kr Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks Á'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa nhft,& (3 # 2 = 6)
¼1½ ^dkjrwl* ,dkadh ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft, fd lgknr vyh tSls yksxksa us lnSo ns'k dk vfgr gh fd;k gSA
¼2½ vkn'kZ vkSj O;kogkfjdrk esa D;k varj gS\ 'kq) vkn'kZ vkSj O;kogkfjdrk dh rqyuk ys[kd us lksus vkSj rk¡cs ls D;ksa dh gS\
¼3½ ÞO;Fkk vkneh dks ijkftr ugha djrh] mls vkxs c<+us dk lans'k nsrh gSAÞ ^rhljh dle ds f'kYidkj 'kSysanz* ikB ds vk/kkj
ij dFku dk ewY;kdau djrs gq, vius fopkj fyf[k,A
12- fuEufyf[kr Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks Á'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa nhft,& (3 # 2 = 6)
¼1½ ^lk¡l Fkerh xbZ] uCt terh xbZ
fQj Hkh c<+rs dne] dks u #dus fn;kA*
mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa dk Hkko Li"V dhft,A
¼2½ lar dchj us ehBh ok.kh cksyus ls vkSjksa dks lq[k vkSj vius ru dks 'khryrk iznku gksus dh ckr dgh gSA Li"V djsaA
¼3½ ehjk ds inksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
13- fuEufyf[kr Á'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks Á'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa nhft,& (3 # 2 = 6)
¼1½ ^gfjgj dkdk* dgkuh va/k HkfDr vkSj Bkdqjckjh ds pfj= dks mtkxj djrh gS lksnkgj.k Li"V djsaA
¼2½ ^liuksa ds ls fnu* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k, fd LdkmV ijsM djrs le; ys[kd Lo;a dks Q+kt
S h toku D;ksa le>rk Fkk\

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i`"B 8 izfrn'kZ iz'u i= 2 CBSE X fganh c

¼3½ ^Vksih 'kqDyk* ikB esa Bkdqj gfjuke flag dkSu Fkk\ mlds yM+dksa us Vksih ls nksLrh D;ksa ugha dh\ ;g mudh fdl Hkkouk dk
O;atd gS\
14- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij ladrs &fcanv
q ksa ds vk/kkj ij yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn fyf[k,& (5 # 1 = 5)
¼1½ ukjh vkSj ukSdjh
•• XmoJwZm H$m¶©
•• Ka Am¡a ~mha ‘| g§VwbZ
•• ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$ H$m¶©
¼2½ Xykscy okfeZax
•• YaVr na ~‹T>Vm Vmn‘mZ
•• ~XbVm ‘m¡g‘
•• g‘ñ¶m Ho$ H$maU
•• g‘mYmZ
¼3½ ijh{kk ls igys esjh euksn'kk
•• ijh{kk uke ls Hk;
•• i;kZIr rS;kjh
•• Á'ui= ns[kdj Hk; nwj gqvk
15- ¼1½ vkids {ks= esa Msaxw ds ekeys c<+rs gh tk jgs gSaA blls cpko ds fy, uxj&fuxe ds v/;{k ds uke ,d i+=
yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A (5 # 1 = 5)
AWdm
¼2½ uxj esa dy&dkj[kkuksa ls iznw"k.k esa gks jgh o`f) ij fpark O;Dr djrs gq, fdlh nSfud lekpkj i= ds laiknd dks
yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d i= fyf[k,A
16- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa lwpuk fyf[k,& (4 # 1 = 4)
¼1½ >AmnHo$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z…ewëH$ ‘X§V {M{H$Ëgm {e{da’ H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡& gyMZm nÅ> na {dÚmb¶ Ho$ g{Md H$s Amoa go bJ^J 60
eãXm| ‘| gyMZm Omar H$a|&
AWdm
(2) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ ~mha I‹S>o Imo‘Mo dmbm| go H$moB© N>mÌ Hw$N> Z IarXo& ¶h {hXm¶V XoZo Ho$ {bE àYmZmMm¶© H$s Amoa go gyMZm bJ^J 60 eãXm| ‘|
Omar H$a|&
17- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa foKkiu rS;kj dhft,& (3 # 1 = 3)
¼1½ vkids uxj esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh Hkkjr dh lkaLÑfrd ,drk izn'kZuh dks ns[kus ds fy, yksxksa dks vkeaf=r djrs gq, yxHkx
40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A
AWdm
¼2½ ns'k dh turk dks ^ernku vf/kdkj* ds izfr tkx:d djus ds fy, eq[; fuokZpu vk;qDr dk;kZy; dh vksj ls yxHkx 40
'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu RkS;kj dhft,A
18- ¼1½ ^jk"Vª dk lsod* fo"k; ij y?kq dFkk yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A (5 # 1 = 5)

AWdm
¼2½ vkius ;k=k ds nkSjku ,d mijxkeh iqy dks ttZj gkyr esa ns[kk gSA og iqy dHkh Hkh fdlh nq?kZVuk dk dkj.k cu
ldrk gSA vkius ogk¡ #ddj vius eksckby ls mldk fp= Hkh fy;k gSA ml fp= lfgr vf/k'kklh vfHk;ark ¼yksd
fuekZ.k foHkkx½ dks iqy dh ejEer ds lanHkZ esa yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa ,d bZ&esy fyf[k,

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