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Earth and Life Science Q1 Module 16
High School (Eastern Quezon College)
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Earth and Life
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 16:
Geologic Processes and
Hazards
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Earth and Life Science – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 16: Geologic Processes and Hazards
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Franklin Galoyo, Ma. Rhoda E. Panganiban
Editors: Erwin R. Abrencillo
Jocelyn M. Manset
Reviewers: Dominic P. Almirez, Franz Kevin Manalo
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Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol
Jocelyn M. Manset
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Earth and Life
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 16:
Geologic Processes and
Hazards
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Science for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Geologic Processes and Hazards!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
ii
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Geologic Processes and Hazards!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module has one lesson:
Lesson 2 – Geological Processes and Hazards
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify places in the Philippines that are prone to geologic hazards like
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides using hazard map; and
2. explain why it is important to identify places that are prone to geologic
hazards.
What I Know
Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an example of geologic hazard?
A. tornado C. flood
B. earthquakes D. tropical cyclone
2. Where can you find the Pacific Ring of Fire?
A. Arctic Ocean C. Pacific Ocean
B. Indian Ocean D. Atlantic Ocean
3. What do you call the point of origin of an earthquake located just above
the focus?
A. divergent C. epicenter
B. convergent D. transform
4. Which type of map shows the risk of particular area to certain threat?
A. hazard C. resource
B. physical D. topographic
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5. What type of hazard is climate and weather related?
A. natural C. ergonomic
B. biological D. anthropogenic
6. What refers to the movement of rock, debris, and soil down a slope?
A. tsunami C. typhoon
B. landslide D. volcanic eruption
7. Which of the following geologic features makes the provinces of La Union
and Pangasinan high risk to earthquakes?
A. Iba Fault C. Tablas Fault
B. Manila Trench D. Lianga Fault
8. Which of the following is responsible for plate movement?
A. gravitational force C. convection current in
mantle
B. radiation emitted by the Sun D. attraction from the moon
9. All are examples of geologic hazards EXCEPT for _______________.
A. typhoon C. landslides
B. earthquakes D. volcanic eruptions
10.Which of the following areas is the LEAST prone to earthquakes?
A. Tarlac C. Ifugao
B. Cavite D. La Union
11.Which of the following areas has the HIGHEST risk of volcanic-related
disaster?
A. Sulu C. Bataan
B. Albay D. Biliran
12.Which of the following areas is LEAST at risk on landslide?
A. Cebu C. Manila
B. Batangas D. La Union
13. Which of the following is an example of natural hazard?
A. mining C. landslide
B. deforestation D. climate change
14.Which of the following factors makes the province of Benguet at risk to
earthquake?
A. high population C. bodies of water around
B. presence of trees D. topography and
mountains
15. Why do you think the Visayas islands are NOT at risk to earthquakes?
Due to
A. lack of fault lines C. lack of mountains
B. the presence of islands D. the presence of plains
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Lesso
n Geological Processes and
2 Hazards
The Philippines is an archipelagoo that is made up of 7641 islands and home to
world-renown natural wonders and pristine water bodies. The country is in a
unique location because it rests in the Pacific Typhoon Belt and Pacific’s
earthquake and volcano Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire is a home to over 75% of
the world’s active and dormant volcanoes. Because of its geographic location,
the Philippines is among the greatest hazard and disaster-prone countries in the
world.
What’s In
The Philippines is no stranger to natural hazards. Every year, thousands to
millions of Filipinos are extremely affected by all forms of hazards such as
earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. These natural hazards may result
in multiple disasters.
Activity 1: Cause and Effect
Directions. Supply the blank boxes with the causes and effects from the given
geologic hazards.
Geologic Hazard Causes Effects
Volcanic Eruptions
Landslides
Earthquakes
What’s New
Geologic Process
Geological processes can be described as natural forces that shape the physical
makeup of a planet. These forces cause movements of plates in the Earth’s
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crust, the area where humankind lives. As this processes occur from time to
time, it poses continuous source of hazards to people, community and society.
Hazards
A hazard is a phenomenon caused by natural or human forces which poses threat
to humans, animals, properties and environment. For instance, since the
Philippines is located within the Ring of Fire, the country experiences many
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions compared to other countries. Making the
country one of the most hazard-prone countries in the world.
Hazards can be classified as to natural and anthropogenic.
Natural: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and tsunamis (climate and
weather related hazards)
Anthropogenic: Deforestation, mining and climate change (man-made)
Hazard Map
It is a map that illustrates the areas that are exposed or prone to a particular
hazard. They are used for natural hazards such as landslides, flooding, volcanic
eruption and tsunami. It is also used to mitigate the potential negative effects of
these hazards
Activity 2: Point me
Every year, dozens of natural disasters strike our country. Some are just passing
by and some even make history because of massive destruction.
Directions. Since disasters are all over the
news, what are the places do you think that
have been affected by geologic hazards for
the past
Earthquakes decade. Use
1. the
2. Philippine
Volcanic Eruptions
map on the
1.
right side.
2.
Landslides Write your
1. answers in
2. the box
below.
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What is It
Now, you have learned that geologic location is the major reason why the
Philippines is a hazard-prone country. The Philippine government partnered other
private institutions to reduce the risk of hazards through producing hazard maps
that are publicly available. For example, the partnership of news networks with
the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). This
partnership shares valuable and scientific information which increases the
public’s understanding on geologic hazards and risks associated with it.
Another is Manila Observatory, a private non-stock and non-profit research
institution with the help of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR. This partnership produced hazard maps that show
vulnerability of the country to environmental disasters.
Geophysical map
Over the past decades,
the PHILVOCS has recorded
twelve destructive earthquakes
in the Philippines that caused
unimaginable effects, such as
Surigao Del Sur and loss of properties, injuries, and
Davao Oriental are at risk to thousands of deaths.
hazard due to Philippine Trench
and nearby active faults, while
La Union and Pangasinan are
due Manila Trench. Moreover,
Benguet, La Union, Nueva
Vizcaya, Eastern Pangasinan
and Nueva Ecija is due its
location along the Philippine
fault Zone. (Center for
Environmental Geomatics-
Manila Observatory, 2005)
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First on the rank with the highest risk is
Camiguin because the land area was so small. If
volcanic eruption may occur, the whole province
can be affected. Sulu ranks second because it
has the greatest number of active and dangerous
volcanoes. (Center for Environmental Geomatics-
Manila Observatory, 2005)
Most of the provinces in the Cordillera
Administrative Region are included in the list
of top 10 landslide-prone areas in the
Philippines. Because the entire region is
situated in and around Cordillera Mountain
ranges. So, after massive and continuous rain
or earthquakes, certain areas on the hills and
mountains become delicate and weak which
makes the region exposed to landslides as
well as to other provinces that is why their
area is classified as rugged and mountainous
with prominent flat-lands.
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What’s More
Activity 3: Identify me
Directions. Using the hazard map found on the previous pages, answer the
following questions.
1. Identify the top 3 places in the Philippines that are hazard-prone to
volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides. Justify your answers why
they are most prone.
2. What is the importance of using a hazard map?
What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Complete me
Directions. Read the following statements and complete them by filling in with
the correct term and/or phrase.
1. The Philippines experiences more earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
because it is located in the ______.
2. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are known as ______ type of hazards.
3. Surigao Del Sur and Davao Del Norte are at risk to hazard due to ______
and ______.
4. Camiguin has the highest risk of effects of a volcanic eruption because the
land area is too ______.
5. Man-made hazard is classified as ______.
What I Can Do
Activity 5: Hazard identification
Directions. Identify hazardous places during or after earthquakes on the
following locations.
1. Home
2. Classroom and school building
3. Community (e.g. barangay, municipality or provinces)
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The answer must be something similar to this:
In the community: Damaged roads and bridges
Assessment
Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an example geologic hazard?
A. mining C. earthquakes
B. deforestation D. climate change
2. Which of the following maps is used to identify a place that is prone to
disaster?
A. hazard C. physical
B. resource D. topographic
3. How do you classify climate- and weather-related hazards?
A. natural C. biological
B. chemical D. anthropogenic
4. Which of the following geologic features makes the provinces of La Union
and Pangasinan pare at risk to earthquakes?
A. Iba Fault C. Tablas Fault
B. Manila Trench D. Lianga Fault
5. Which of the following provinces has the highest risk of volcanic eruptions
based on DENR and Manila observatory report?
A. Bataan D. Sorsogon
B. Laguna D. Camiguin
6. Which of the following is NOT among the provinces with high proneness to
landslide?
A. Cebu C. La Union
B. Metro Manila D. Mountain province
7. Which of the following is NOT included in the group?
A. mining C. tsunamis
B. earthquakes D. landslides
8. Which of the following area is LEAST prone to earthquakes?
A. Ifugao C. Palawan
B. Tarlac D. La Union
9. Which of the following provinces has the HIGHEST risk of volcanic-related
hazard?
A. Sulu C. Laguna
B. Batangas D. Batanes
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10.Which of the following is NOT an example of geologic hazards?
A. landslides C. earthquakes
B. tropical cyclones D. volcanic eruptions
11.Where can you find the Ring of Fire?
A. Arctic Ocean C. Pacific Ocean
B. Indian Ocean D. Atlantic Ocean
12.Which of the following is an example of geologic hazard?
A. tornado C. flood
B. tropical cyclone D. earthquakes
13. What refers to the movement of rock, debris, and soil down a slope?
A. landslide C. typhoon
B. earthquakes D. volcanic eruptions
14.Why do you think that majority of the Cordillera Administrative Region are
included in the most landslide prone provinces in the Philippines? Because
it is
A. near from the sea C. near in mountain ranges
B. situated near active volcanoes D. near NCR
15.Which of the following area is LEAST prone to earthquakes?
A. Tarlac C. Ifugao
B. Cavite D. La Union
Additional Activities
Activity 6: Interview me
Directions. Interview a family member, a relative, neighbor or anyone who
experienced geologic hazards and answer the following questions below.
1. Have you ever experienced any form of geologic hazards such as volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides? How did you feel? What did you do
during and after the situation?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. If you have never experienced any form of hazards, look for someone who
was able to witness and experience it first-hand. Ask them their feelings
and thoughts during and after the hazard event. Also, ask them the things
they did during and after the scenario.
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Answer Key
What I Know What’s New What Can I Do
1. B
Activity 2 Activity 5
2. C
3. C Answers may vary among Answers may vary among
4. A students students
5. A
6. B What’s More Assessment
7. B 1. C
Activity 3
8. C 2. A
9. A Earthquakes: Surigao Del 3. A
10. B Sur, La Union, and Benguit 4. B
11. A 5. D
12. C Volcanic eruptions: 6. B
Camiguin, Sulu, and Biliran 7. A
13. C
8. C
14. D 9. A
Landslides: Marinduque,
15. A 10. B
Rizal and ,Cebu
11. C
What I Know Hazard map expose areas 12. D
that are at risk to certain 13. A
Activity 1 14. C
hazards.
15. B
What I Have Learned Additional Activities
Cause: Possible answers
Activity 4 Activity 6
Earthquakes
-when rock underground Answers may vary among
1. Ring of fire
suddenly breaks along a 2. Natural students
fault. 3. Philippine trench, active
faults
Volcanic Eruptions 4. Small
5. Anthropogenic
-movement of tectonic
plates causing magma to
rises to the surface.
Landslides
-Slow weathering of rocks,
soil erosion, earthquakes
and volcanic activity
Effects: Answers may vary
among students
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References
Bagayas, Samantha. 2018. “Why Philippines and Indonesia are prone to natural
hazards?”. Rappler, October 19, 2018. Accessed May 19, 202.
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/214623-why-philippines-indonesia-
prone-natural-hazards
Dugo, Fehl. 2017. “Why is the Philippines Prone to Typhoons and
Earthquakes?.”Accessed May 18, 2020. https://philpad.com/why-is-the-
philippines-prone-to-typhoons-and-earthquakes/
Esquire Philippines. 2018.”The Philippines is Third-Riskiest Country When it
Comes to Natural Disasters.” Accessed May 18, 2020.
https://www.esquiremag.ph/life/travel/world-risk-index-2017-philippines-
a00203-20180502
Ellis, Jessica.2020.“What are Geological Processes?.” Accessed May 18,
2020.https://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-geological-processes.htm
The Manila Observatory.2005. “Mapping Philippine Vulnerability to Environmental
Disasters.” Accessed May 18, 2020.http://vm.observatory.ph/hazard.html
Nelson, Stephen A. 2018. “Natural Hazards and Natural Disaster”. Accessed May
19,
2020.http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/introduction.htm
Prevention web. 2015. “Hazard.”. Accessed May 19, 2020.
https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/hazard
djohannelene. 2017. “Landslide Prone Area in the Philippines.” Accesses May 17,
2020. https://theresilientperspective.wordpress.com/2017/01/13/landslide-
prone-area-in-the-philippines/
ProfProfsQuizzes. 2026. “Earthquakes! Phase 2 Quiz.” Accessed May 20, 2020.
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=earthquakes-
phase-2-quiz&q=1
National Curriculum and Assessment Centre, Georgia. 2012. “Teaching Disaster
risk Reduction with Interactive Methods.” Accessed May 19, 2020.
https://www.preventionweb.net/files/28375_28294engkatastrofebiweb2.pd
f?fbclid=IwAR377KPl7fZLYMdCEXPzorYSsSmxbY4Cwd4PLct-
cA_eM5IOrtsviM88QxY
Jacobs, Thea. 2020. “What causes a volcano to erupt, how they formed and
different types of volcano revealed.” The Sun, January 16, 2020. May 19,
11
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2020. https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/6246894/volcano-formation-
erruptions-different-types/
12
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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