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Earth and Life Sci Quarter 1 Module 3 Natural Hazards, Mitigation and Adaptation Student Edition
Earth and Life Sci Quarter 1 Module 3 Natural Hazards, Mitigation and Adaptation Student Edition
DEPARTMEN2’JOF EDUCATION
°!
ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY MODE
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Earth Materials and Processes
First Edition, 2020
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Management Team:
PAGE
What I Need to Know 1
89
Module Contents 1
89
Learning Objectives 1
89
General Instructions 90
2
What I know 90
3
Learning Concept 94
6
What’s New 95
7
Assessment 125
38
Learning Objectives
After undergoing through the activities in this module, you are more likely to:
1. Describe the different hazards that may occur in the event of earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions and landslides. (S11/12ES-If-30)
2. Identify areas which are prone to hazards due earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and landslides using hazard maps. (S11/12ES-If-31)
1
3. Cite practical ways of dealing with geological hazards caused by earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and landslides. (S11/12ES-If-32)
4. Cite human activities that hastens the occurrence of landslides.
(S11/12ES-If-33)
5. Suggest ways to help lessen the occurrence of landslides in your community
(S11/12ES-If-34)
6. Describe the various hazards that may happen in the wake of tropical
cyclones, monsoons, floods and ipo-ipo. (S11/12ES-If-35)
7. Identify areas which are prone to hazards caused by tropical cyclones,
monsoons, floods and ipo-ipo using hazard maps. (S11/12ES-If-36)
8. Give practical ways of coping with hydrometeorological hazards caused by
tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods and ipo-ipo. (S11/12ES-If-37)
9. Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion, submersion, and
saltwater intrusion. (S11/12ES-If-38)
10. Give practical ways of coping coastal processes submersion and saltwater
intrusion. (S11/12ES-If-40-41)
General Instructions
What I Know
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the LETTER of your choice.
Write all your answers on a piece sheet of paper. (1 point each)
5. If you’re wondering how your friends and family are doing after an earthquake, you
should:
A. Call immediately to check on them.
B. Drive to their location as soon as possible.
C. Refrain from calling them in order to keep the phone lines open for
emergencies.
D. Call the police to ask what areas have been most affected.
14. Good can come from a volcanic eruption. Which of the following is not a
benefit from a volcanic eruption?
A. fertile soils C. geothermal energy
B. increased tourism D. land destroyed
15. The movement of earthy materials from higher region to lower region due
to gravitational pull is called_ _
A. Earthquake C. Landslide
B. Soil erosion D. Cyclone
17. There are many ways to help prevent damage to your home and family from a
landslide. You should know how much your home is at risk. Which of these is
a big sign of danger?
A. colder weather C. large winds
B. extreme erosion D. higher traffic rate in your area
18.Another step in being prepared for a landslide is the same as with the danger of
fire, is making an evacuation plan. When is it best to make this evacuation
plan?
a. as soon as possible, if not done already
b. whenever you have time; the chances of a landslide are very slim
c. while your house is slipping down a hill
d. I don’t need an evacuation plan
23. The tropical cyclone is generated from the different parts of the world, if it
comes from the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, it is called_ _ _.
A. cyclone C.typhoon
B. tropical depression D. hurricane
25. It is the temporary flow of water which covers land areas with excessive
volume of water during rainy season or typhoons.
A. Flood C. Typhoon
B. Lahar D. Landslide
27. A map that its important role is to solve geologic concerns, guide
and promote safety awareness in the country.
A. Geographical Map C. Hazard Maps
B. Philippine Map D. Typhoon Tracking Maps
28. It contains details, color codes and scalar system used to interpret
and locate hazards, and geologic concerns.
A. Tracking Maps C. Geographical Maps
B. Hazard Maps D. World Maps
29. A coastal process that involves a cyclic portion of a coastal erosion where
coastal sediments move from the visible shore portion to the submerged part
of the beach.
A. Intrusion C. Erosion
B. Coastal Cycle D. Submersion
30. The erosion of our shoreline is a process that is common in the Philippines.
This process is called .
A. Submersion C. Intrusion
B. Coastal Erosion D. Landslide
LESSON
Natural Hazards
1 _ _
Learning Concept
In this section, we will discuss the various hazards that may happen in the
event of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides.
It is important that we would first gain basic understanding on these geological
processes that govern the Earth’s surface. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and
landslides are natural phenomena that constantly change the way the Earth’s
surface look like.
However, such geologic processes have caused hazards to various forms of
life wherever these may happen.
The hazards brought by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides are
very tremendous and catastrophic in most cases that is why we need to know the
signs when these might happen.
It is also important that we have to gain understanding on how to deal with
these situations in order not to become one of the victims of such geological
hazards.
.
Earthquake
What’s New
Learning Activity: Identifying the Potential Earthquake Hazards
Column A Column B
DESCRIPTION EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
1. The mixing of sand or soil and a. Ground shaking
groundwater (water underground) during
the shaking of a moderate or strong
earthquake
b. Tsunami
2. The movement of the ground
along one side of a Fault relative to the
other side, caused by an earthquake.
c. Earthquake-induced ground
3. Underground shaking of the Earth subsidence
caused by the passage of the surface
waves near the epicenter of the earthquake d. Liquefaction
that are responsible for the most damage
4. The lowering of the land surface e. Earthquake-induced landslide
B. Ballistic Projectiles
Ballistic projectiles are rocks that an erupting volcano may hurl into the air.
These pieces of rocks travel like cannonballs that can reach within 2km of the vent
(but can travel as far as 5km, or even further, if the eruption is very explosive).
C. Lava Flows
Lava flow are molten rocks that moves down the slope of a volcano,
destroying everything in its path and possibly causing forest fires. As the volcano
emits lava, it accumulates around the vent producing a volcanic dome. These
volcanic domes are unstable and eventually collapse leading to pyroclastic flows.
D. Ash falls
Greater volume of ash produced during a volcanic eruption can be so
dangerous to the extent that it could lead to destruction of roofs, vegetation and
cause malfunctioning of aircraft, ship and car engines. It can lead to serious
respiratory problems if they are inhaled. This hazard may remain even after volcanic
eruption affecting also neighboring places.
E. Lahars (Mudflows)
Lahars are mixtures of water and volcanic rock fragments which flows down
through volcanic slopes into lowland areas. The term “lahar” means a mudflow often
carried by heavy down pour or shaking of the ground during and after the eruption of
a volcano. It can destroy everything on its path even after the volcanic activity.
What’s New
Landslide
Big chunks of rocks roll downhill due to landslide
What’s New
Learning Activity: Getting To Know It!
Location Reasons
LESSON
Learning Concept
A hazard map is a diagram that shows areas that are at risk or vulnerable to
a disaster. This map is basically created for natural disasters, like earthquakes,
volcanoes, landslides, flooding and tsunamis. Hazard maps help prevent serious
damage and deaths.
Different hazard maps have different uses. Some are used by insurance
agencies in order to properly adjust insurance for people living in risky areas. Hazard
maps tell people the underlying risks of living in a certain area and help them
become aware of the dangers they might face from natural disasters. Hazard maps
play an important role in identifying the location, magnitude and countermeasures to
be taken during volcanic crises.
What’s New
Direction: Answer the following questions using the Hibok-hibok volcano map
below:
a. Map1 - Hazard Zonation Map for Pyroclastic Flows and Lateral Blasts
b. Map 2 –Hazard Zonation for Airfall Tephra and Ballistic Projectiles
c. Map 3 –Hazard Zonation Map for Lahar and Floods
d. Map 4 – Hazard Zonation Map for Lava Flows
Guide Questions:
Q1. There are apparent colors in the map, what do those colors indicate?
Map 1.:
Map 2.:
Q3. If your home is located in these places, what precautionary measures can
you do?
_
_
Source: https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
Map 1 Map 2
High
Source: https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
Map 3 Map 4
LESSON
We can do this together!
3 _ _
Learning Concept
Hazard Adaptation
Risk Reduction
Disaster Mitigation
Earthquake
The following are important point to consider before during and after an
earthquake:
Before an Earthquake
1. Secure anything that can be tipped over by an earthquake.
2. Be acquainted on how to turn off electricity at home or office.
3. Familiarize first the nearest accessible exit when you enter a building.
4. Conduct fire and earthquake drill at home, in school and offices so everyone
will know what to do and where to go.
During an Earthquake
1. Keep calm, do not panic.
2. If you are in an open area move away from buildings and electric power
lines which might collapse and electrocute you.
3. If caught indoors or in a high-rise building, move under tables, desk, bed or
stay under door frames. Do not use elevator.
4. In school or office, remember the drills you practiced during the earthquake
and fire.
5. Turn off electricity.
After an Earthquake
1. Check for damaged electrical devices and do not use them again.
2. Inspect house for cracks in its support.
3. Do not go inside collapsed structures to get belongings. After shocks may
occur anytime.
4. Do not go sightseeing. It is dangerous and you may hamper rescue
operations and relief works.
5. Get updates by tuning in to emergency channels or radio stations for vital
information from local authorities on what to do, where to get medical
assistance, food and water supplies and to know the evacuation centers.
Landslide
Direction: Prepare an emergency kit to help your family and the community
to minimize the impact whenever any of the geological hazards will occur. The output
will be rated based on the following rubric:
At least 10
A few of the At least 7
No items items are
items are items are
necessary for necessary for
Survival Kit necessary for necessary for
survival during survival during
Items survival during survival during
or after a or after a
or after a or after a
disaster. disaster.
disaster. disaster.
The kit is The kit is done
The kit is not The kit is
Effort somewhat well and neatly
organized. organized
organized. organized.
.
Sample rubric for evaluation of students’ output.
4 ___
Learning Concept
Landslides are among the most catastrophic events that may happen anytime
of the day. This may be brought by several factors like heavy rainfall, earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions and many other natural processes. In addition, human beings play
a significant role in the occurrence of landslides which led to property damage and
even loss of lives.
Below are among the most common human activities that will trigger and
hasten the occurrence of landslides:
a. Removal of vegetation
b. Obstructions and modifications to the natural drainage
c. Leaking pipes such as water and sewer
d. Modification of slopes by construction of roads, railways and buildings
e. Overloading slopes
f. Mining and quarrying activities
g. Vibration from heavy traffic and blasting of nearby mining activities
h. Excavation of rocks
What I Can Do
Learning activity: Show it on the Board!
a. Definition of landslide.
b. Activities that cause or trigger landslides
c. Emergency preparedness programs
The output will be rated based on the rubric below.
Has a detailed
No clear Has a
Definition of No definition definition of a
definition of definition of
a landslide of a landslide. landslide.
a landslide. a landslide.
Has
Has not Has Has
enumerated
Causes of enumerated enumerated enumerated
more than 10
landslides. any cause of a few causes 7 few causes
causes of
landslides. of landslides. of landslides
landslides
Has many and
Has no Has few Has many
Emergency functional
emergency emergency emergency
preparedness emergency
preparedness preparedness preparedness
programs preparedness
programs programs programs
programs
The The The information
The
information information board is done
Effort information
board is board is well and neatly
board is not
somewhat organized. organized.
organized.
organized.
Sample rubric for evaluation of students’ output.
LESSON
Learning Concept
What’s New
Learning Activity: Responsibility is the Key!
1.
2.
3.
Landslide 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Signature of Student
Signature of Parent(s)
What I Can do
Direction: Visit the Brgy. Office of your community. Conduct a short interview
with Disaster Readiness and Risk-Reduction Management Officer (DRRRMO) about
the possible geologic hazards in your community and their risk-reduction
management programs.
Interview Guide
Questions Response
1. What are the possible hazards that
may occur in our community? Please check the possible
hazards on the following list:
o Earthquake
o Landslide
o Fire
o Flood
o Terrorism
o Volcanic eruption
6 ____
Hazards
_
Learning Concept
Tropical cyclone is an organized system of clouds and thunderstorms originated
from a warm tropical water, having closed low level circulation. It rotates
counterclockwise, in the northern hemisphere, because of the Coriolis effect. It
derived its energy, from the warm tropical ocean. In the Philippines we adopt cyclone
categories that is based on their intensity, as introduced by Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). It is classified as
tropical depression, if its sustained wind reached up to 61 kph or less. Tropical storm
if the maximum sustained wind is 62 - 88 kph. Severe tropical storm 89-117 kph,
typhoons if it sustained a maximum wind 118 - 220 kph and a super typhoon
category if it reaches 221 kph and above.
The terms typhoon, hurricane and cyclone are in the same weather
phenomenon, whether where they originated. The tropical cyclone that comes from
the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, it is called hurricane. If it originates from the
Northeast Pacific part it is called as typhoon, and called a cyclone when it develops
from the Indian Ocean and South Pacific.
Credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mansunides/10797254835
https://hhsadvocate.com/news/2013/11/20/typhoon-haiyan-ravages-the-
philippines/
The devastation effects of Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) at Tacloban City in November 2013
Effects of Monsoons
In the Philippines, we experienced two types of Monsoon winds these are the
Northeast monsoon (Amihan) and Southeast monsoon (Habagat). Northeast
monsoon features dry and cool air during this cold season, the Asiatic Continent is
snowbound and the high-pressure cell in China sends cold temperatures to the
Philippines, which causes much rainfall over the eastern coast of the country. This
phenomenon, normally occurs during the months of November to February every
year.
Southwest monsoons (Habagat) is a seasonal flow of moist wind direction which
brings extensive cloud development causing heavy rains, and is responsible for
great portion of rainfall, that may persist for weeks during wet season from the
months of June to December.
Effects of Flood
Flood is the inundation of land areas which are not normally covered with
excessive volume of water. It is a temporarily rise of overflowing water from a river,
lakes, stream and reservoir affecting the adjacent lands and the flood prone areas in
the locality.
Flood could also be due to heavy and prolonged rainfall, caused by tropical
cyclones, monsoons, and active low pressures. It could also have several factors like
flooding, and the intensity or rate of the rainfall, and the duration of the rain before it
last.
Primarily, flooding may disrupt the human’s normal flow of life, including the
supply and delivery of goods, commerce and the giving of basic services to the
community. It also affects the agricultural industry, and may bring water-borne
diseases that may turn into an epidemic, if not properly controlled.
These pictures show the effects of flooding, during the typhoon Sendong
What’s New
Learning Activity: Pa Effects - Effects!
Hazard is a phenomenon that gave potential damage to people, property and
environment. Below is a table, all you need to do is to accomplish it, by providing
possible common and long-term effects of natural hazards to the following given
elements.
ELEMENTS
D
What’s More
Dear learners, read the account about the effect of the Super Typhoon Yolanda that
hits the central part of the Philippines. After reading the passage, give your insights,
and be able to answer the given questions below. Let us start!!
7 ____
Your Hazard Maps
_
Learning Concepts
The Philippines belongs to the Circum-Pacific Belt, and is lying on the Typhoon
Belt. It is known and ranks among the highly disaster-prone countries, because of
the several occurrences of volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, typhoons and floods.
Hazard maps plays an important role in solving geologic concerns, because it
emphasizes areas that are considered vulnerable to a particular hazard. And aside
from that, it guides and promotes safety awareness in the country. In this regard,
hazard maps have a vital role in disaster preparedness and mitigation.
Credits:http://vm.observatory.ph/images/Geophys_hires/risk_earthquakes.jpg
2. Map showing the typhoon incidence in the Philippines.
Credit: http://vm.observatory.ph/cw_maps.html
Credit: https://reliefweb.int/map/philippines/philippines-natural-hazard-profile-23-oct-2010
4. Map showing the Earthquake Risks in the Philippines.
Credit: http://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html
Credit: http://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html
What’s New
Guide Questions:
8
Hazards
__ ____
Learning Concepts
Hydrometeorological hazard is a phenomenon that involved atmospheric,
oceanographic or hydrological in nature, which may cause injuries, death, loss of
livelihoods, including economic and environmental damages. These hazards include
tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes, storm surges, blizzards, avalanches,
heavy snowfall, drought, floods, flashfloods, heat waves and cold spells. These
hydrometeorological conditions may be considered as a factor for other hazards that
may possibly occur like landslides, locust plagues, and even epidemics.
What’s New
Learning Activity: Think! and Suggest! Me Please!
The effects of the hydrometeorological hazards may be mitigated through
disaster awareness, education and preparedness. Below is a diagram, all you need
to do is to think and suggest practical ways in coping the possible effects of a
hydrometeorological hazards.
Ways of Coping
Hydrometeorological
Hazards
LESSON
Coastal Erosion and
9 __
its Effects
___ _
Learning Concepts
Coastal Erosion is the displacement or removal of land, sand, rocks and other
sediments with the intervention of strong tides, waves, currents and storm impacts
along the coastline. Human activities and the unavoidable occurrence of the coastal
processes in nature, intensifies the damage in the shore. Unfortunately, some of our
coastlines is no longer normal with its appearance, because it experienced erosion in
an incredible rate which experts project that these areas will be part of the sea in few
years’ time.
Coastal erosion, submersion and saltwater intrusion may bring damage and
risk to the community who are living in the coastlines. But experts still considered
this phenomenon as a natural process that our planet and environment undergo. In
order to manage it, there are practical ways to control its effects by applying methods
and simple practices to minimize erosion occurring in the coastlines.
Credit:http://mgb.gov.ph/2015-05-13-02-02-11/mgb-news/340-mgb-study-leyte-susceptible-to-mass-movement-coastal-
erosion https://collidecolumn.wordpress.com/2014/02/14/when-worlds-collide-97-living-on-the-edgesouth-asias-coastal-
scramble/
The picture shows the current situation of our coastlines that undergoes rapid erosion in some
areas in the Philippines.
Bamboo Poles lined in the coastal areas, for Sand Bags filed in the beach, for the
prevention waves dissipation. sand erosion.
Submersion
SALT WATER
COASTAL EROSION SUBMERSION
INTRUSION
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
What’s More
Learning Activity: Think, Act and Build to Protect.
Directions: Analyze the situation written inside the box. Suggest practical
ways to help prevent or mitigate the impacts of this situation while assuming varied
role in the community as follows:
Riverbank Settlers
A certain community was established along a riverbank, in a highly
urbanized area since the location is very accessible to work and services.
As time passes, the inhabitants of the place are increasing rapidly. Due to
limited space they started to build shanties, on the riverbanks down to the
shoreline. Several problems started to emerged, and it has been observed
that many different wastes were not properly disposed because the
community has no specific plans on managing the solid wastes. Diseases
and the occurrence of flash floods is frequent in the area.
A. Politician:
_ _
_
_
B. Community Leader:
_ _
_
_
C. You as a Student:
_ _
_ _
_
What I have Learned
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Directions. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper. (1 point each)
1. What does it mean when the ground starts shaking?
A. An awesome party next door
B. There is a stampede of rhino’s and elephant outside
C. A space shuttle crashed on our roof
D. A sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that resulted in an
earthquake.
3. If you’re wondering how your friends and family are doing after an earthquake, you
should:
A. Call immediately to check on them
B. Get on the road as soon as possible and drive to their location
C. Avoid calling or driving in order to keep the phone lines and roads open for
emergencies.
D. Call the police to ask what areas have been most affected.
6. While an earthquake is taking place you should:
A. Stop, Drop and Roll C. Drop, cover and Hold on
B. Hold your head, crawl and run D. Run, cover and Hold your head.
14. Good can come from a volcanic eruption. Which of the following is not a
benefit from an eruption?
A. fertile soils C. geothermal energy
B. increased tourism D. land destroyed
15. The movement of earthy materials from higher region to lower region due to
gravitational pull is called
A. Earthquake C. Landslide
B. soil erosion D. Cyclone
16. Which of the following is not a sign of a possible landslide?
A. door/window jams for the first time
B. two full moons two nights in a row
C. trees or walls shifting
D. paved driveways or parking lots slowly beginning to crack
17. There are many ways to help prevent damage to your home and family from a
landslide. First, you must establish how much your home is at risk. Which of
these is a big sign of danger?
A. colder weather C. large winds
B. extreme erosion D. higher traffic rate in your area
18. Making an evacuation plan is another step in being prepared for a landslide,
same as with the danger of fire. When is it best to make this evacuation plan?
A. As soon as possible, if not done yet.
B. Whenever you have time; the chances of a landslide are very slim.
C. While your house is slipping down a hill.
D. You don’t need an evacuation plan.
20. After the danger has passed, make sure to check your local radio or weather
station for updates on the landslide. Which of the following you should not do
after returning home?
A. Replant ruined land
B. Check foundation and chimney for damage
C. Keep all electronics turned off for a month
D. Stabilize land as soon as possible
21. The tropical cyclone is generated from the different part of the world, if this is
come from the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, it is called .
A. Cyclone C.Typhoon
B. Tropical Depression D. Hurricane
24. Tropical storm is being classified if it reached a maximum sustained wind level of
.
A. 38 mph to 39 mph C. 39 mph to 73 mph
B. 38 mph and below D. 74 mph and above
25. The erosion of our shoreline is a process that is common in the Philippines.
This process is called _ .
A. Submersion C. Intrusion
B. Coastal Erosion D. Landslide
26. It is the temporary flow of water which covers land areas with excessive
volume of water during rainy season or typhoons.
A. Flood C. Typhoon
B. Lahar D. Landslide
27. It contains details, color codes and scalar system that is used to interpret
and locate hazards, and geologic concerns.
A. Tracking Maps C. Geographical Maps
B. Hazard Maps D. World Maps
28. A coastal process that involves a cyclic portion of a coastal erosion where
coastal sediments move from the visible shore portion to the submerged part
of the beach.
A. Intrusion C. Erosion
B. Coastal Cycle D. Submersion
30. A hazard map that plays an important role in solving geologic concerns,
guides and promotes safety awareness in the country.
A. Geographical Map C. Hazard Maps
B. Philippine Map D. Typhoon Tracking Maps
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