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Differentiability - Theory Session (Notes)

The document discusses differentiability of functions including: 1. The physical and geometrical meanings of differentiability as the instantaneous rate of change and existence of a unique tangent line at a point. 2. The definition of differentiability using limits of the right and left hand derivatives being equal and finite. 3. Examples of functions being differentiable or non-differentiable at various points due to reasons like sharp corners, discontinuities, or vertical tangents.

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66 views42 pages

Differentiability - Theory Session (Notes)

The document discusses differentiability of functions including: 1. The physical and geometrical meanings of differentiability as the instantaneous rate of change and existence of a unique tangent line at a point. 2. The definition of differentiability using limits of the right and left hand derivatives being equal and finite. 3. Examples of functions being differentiable or non-differentiable at various points due to reasons like sharp corners, discontinuities, or vertical tangents.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Pavankumar Bevnale

(B.Tech, IIT Dh’25)

Differentiability – One Shot


All Concepts and PYQs
❑ Differentiability

• Physical Meaning – Instantaneous rate of change of function

• Geometrical Meaning – Slope of the tangent drawn to the curve at x = a


if exists
A function is said to be differentiable at x = a if unique tangent exist
❑ Differentiability – Slope of Tangent
❑ Differentiability

′ + 𝑓 𝑎+ℎ − 𝑓 𝑎
R.H.D. = 𝑓 𝑎 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

′ − 𝑓 𝑎−ℎ − 𝑓 𝑎
L.H.D. = 𝑓 𝑎 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
❑ Existence of Derivative

L.H.D. = R.H.D. = finite


Question

Find L.H.D. and R.H.D.


f(x) = |ln x| at x = 1
Question

Find L.H.D. and R.H.D.


f(x) = e -|x| at x = 0
❑ Theorem

Differentiability ⇒ Continuity

Continuity ⇏ Derivability
❑ Theorem

Non-Derivability ⇏ Discontinuous

Discontinuous ⇒ Non-Derivability
❑ Reasons for non-derivability

1) Sharp corner
2) f(x) is discontinuous
3) Vertical tangent
❑ Derivative Using First Principle

1) f(x) = x2
2) f(x) = sin x
❑ Derivability over an open/close interval

f(x) is said to be derivable over an open interval (a, b) if it is derivable at


each point of the interval.
❑ Derivability over close interval

1) Derivable at each point in (a, b)


2) Derivable at end points i.e., f’(a+) and f’(b-) exists
Question

|1 − 4𝑥 2 |, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
𝑓 𝑥 =൝ 2
𝑥 − 2𝑥 , 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2

Check differentiability in (0, 2), where [ ] denotes greatest integer


function.
❑ Theorems on Derivability

f(x) g(x) f(x) ± g(x) f(x).g(x) or f(x)/g(x)

Derivable Derivable Derivable Derivable

Derivable Non-Derivable Non-Derivable May be Derivable

Non-Derivable Non-Derivable May be Derivable May be Derivable


Question

Which of the following function is differentiable at x = 0 ?


A) cos(|x|) + |x|
B) cos(|x|) - |x|
C) sin(|x|) + |x|
D) sin(|x|) - |x|
Question

Let f: R → R be such that f(1) = 3 and f’(1) = 6. Then

1
𝑓 1+𝑥 𝑥
lim
𝑥→0 𝑓 1
❑ Functional Equations

Functional Equation N Function

f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) f(x) = kx

f(x + y) = f(x).f(y) f(x) = ax

f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) f(x) = k ln x (or) f(x) = 0

f(xy) = f(x).f(y) f(x) = xn

f(x).f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) f(x) = 1 ± xn, where n ∈ N


❑ Proof

f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) ⇒ f(x) = kx


❑ Proof

f(x + y) = f(x).f(y) ⇒ f(x) = ax


Question

𝑥
Let be a differentiable function satisfying 𝑓 =𝑓 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑦 for all
𝑦
x, y > 0. If f’(1) = 1 then find f(x)
❑ Graphical Approach to Find Differentiability

1) Max and Min Type Functions


2) Mod and GIF Functions
3) Graphical Transformation
Question

Discuss the differentiability of


f(x) = max {2 sin x, 1 – cos x} ∀ x ∈ (0, 𝜋)
Question

Discuss the differentiability of


f(x) = |2x + 1| + |3x – 1|
Question

Discuss the differentiability of


f(x) = e-|x|
Question

The function given by y = ||x| - 1| is differentiable for all real numbers


except the points

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