Microfibers were invented in Japan in the early 1980s and later produced in Europe and the United States. Microfibers refer to very fine synthetic fibers less than 1 denier in size. They are used in textiles and technical applications like filtration. Microfibers can be made of various materials into different cross-sectional shapes and surfaces. Natural fibers also have even smaller fibrils protruding from the main fibers. The document then compares typical properties of various natural and synthetic fibers including their density, strength, elasticity, and water absorption.
Microfibers were invented in Japan in the early 1980s and later produced in Europe and the United States. Microfibers refer to very fine synthetic fibers less than 1 denier in size. They are used in textiles and technical applications like filtration. Microfibers can be made of various materials into different cross-sectional shapes and surfaces. Natural fibers also have even smaller fibrils protruding from the main fibers. The document then compares typical properties of various natural and synthetic fibers including their density, strength, elasticity, and water absorption.
Microfibers were invented in Japan in the early 1980s and later produced in Europe and the United States. Microfibers refer to very fine synthetic fibers less than 1 denier in size. They are used in textiles and technical applications like filtration. Microfibers can be made of various materials into different cross-sectional shapes and surfaces. Natural fibers also have even smaller fibrils protruding from the main fibers. The document then compares typical properties of various natural and synthetic fibers including their density, strength, elasticity, and water absorption.
Microfibers were invented in Japan in the early 1980s and later produced in Europe and the United States. Microfibers refer to very fine synthetic fibers less than 1 denier in size. They are used in textiles and technical applications like filtration. Microfibers can be made of various materials into different cross-sectional shapes and surfaces. Natural fibers also have even smaller fibrils protruding from the main fibers. The document then compares typical properties of various natural and synthetic fibers including their density, strength, elasticity, and water absorption.
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Microfibers
Invented in Japan in the early 1980s, microfibers are also known as microdenier fibers. Acrylic, nylon, polyester, lyocell and rayon can be produced as microfibers. In 1986, Hoechst A.G. of Germany produced microfiber in Europe. This fiber made it way into the United States in 1990 by DuPont.[9]
Microfibers in textiles refer to sub-denier fiber (such as polyester drawn to 0.5
denier). Denier and Dtex are two measurements of fiber yield based on weight and length. If the fiber density is known, you also have a fiber diameter, otherwise it is simpler to measure diameters in micrometers. Microfibers in technical fibers refer to ultra-fine fibers (glass or meltblown thermoplastics) often used in filtration. Newer fiber designs include extruding fiber that splits into multiple finer fibers. Most synthetic fibers are round in cross-section, but special designs can be hollow, oval, star-shaped or trilobal. The latter design provides more optically reflective properties. Synthetic textile fibers are often crimped to provide bulk in a woven, non woven or knitted structure. Fiber surfaces can also be dull or bright. Dull surfaces reflect more light while bright tends to transmit light and make the fiber more transparent.
Very short and/or irregular fibers have been called fibrils. Natural cellulose, such as cotton or bleached kraft, show smaller fibrils jutting out and away from the main fiber structure.[10]
Typical properties of selected fibers
Fibers can be divided into natural and artificial (synthetic) substance, their properties can affect their performance in many applications. Synthetic fiber materials are increasingly replacing other conventional materials like glass and wood in a number of applications.[11] This is because artificial fibers can be engineered chemically, physically, and mechanically to suit particular technical engineering.[12] In choosing a fiber type, a manufacturer would balance their properties with the technical requirements of the applications. Various fibers are available to select for manufacturing. Here are typical properties of the sample natural fibers as compared to the properties of artificial fibers.
Table 1. Typical Properties of Selected Natural Fibers[13][14]
Fiber Tensile Elastic Elongation Water Diameter Specific Strength Modulus at Break Absorption Fiber type Gravity (in) (Ksi) (Ksi) (%) (%) Wood Fiber 0.001- 1.5 51-290 1500-5800 N/A 50-75 0.003 (Kraft Pulp) Musamba N/A N/A 12 130 9.7 N/A 0.004- Coconut 1.12-1.15 17.4-29 2750-3770 10-25 130-180 0.016 0.008- Sisal 1.45[15] 40-82.4 1880-3770 3-5 60-70 0.016[15] Sugar Cane 0.008- 1.2-1.3 26.7-42 2175-2750 1.1[16] 70-75 Bagasse 0.016 0.002- Bamboo 1.5 50.8-72.5 4780-5800 N/A 40-45 0.016 0.004- Jute 1.02-1.04 36.3-50.8 3770-4640 1.5-1.9 28.64[17] 0.008 Elephant 0.003- 0.818[18] 25.8 710 3.6 N/Ab grass 0.016[18] a Adapted from ACI 544. IR-96 P58, reference [12] P240 and [13] b N/A means properties not readily available or not applicable
Table 2. Properties of Selected Artificial Fibers
Fiber Elasticit Maximu Elongati Water Meltin Diamet Specifi y m Tensile on at Absorpti g er c Modulu Working Fiber type Strengt Break on Point Gravit s h (Ksi) (0.001 i y Temp (%) (%) (°C) n) (Ksi) (°C) Steel 4-40 7.8 70-380 30,000 0.5-3.5 nil 1370 760[19] [19]
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