Q1.

Which type of bond is formed between N and B when a molecule of NH3 reacts with a
molecule of BF3?

A Ionic.

B Covalent.

C Co-ordinate.

D Van der Waals.

(Total 1 mark)

Q2.(a) Ammonia gas readily condenses to form a liquid when cooled.

(i) Name the strongest attractive force between two ammonia molecules.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Draw a diagram to show how two ammonia molecules interact with each other
in the liquid phase.
Include all partial charges and all lone pairs of electrons in your diagram.

(3)

(b) Ammonia reacts with boron trichloride to form a molecule with the following
structure.

State how the bond between ammonia and boron trichloride is formed.

........................................................................................................................

Page 2
 ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The following table shows the electronegativity values of some elements.

H Li B C O F

Electronegativity 2.1 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0

(i) Give the meaning of the term electronegativity.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Suggest the formula of an ionic compound that is formed by the chemical
combination of two different elements from the table.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) Suggest the formula of the compound that has the least polar bond and is
formed by chemical combination of two of the elements from the table.

...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 9 marks)

Q3. Fluorine and iodine are elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.

(a) Explain why iodine has a higher melting point than fluorine.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

Page 3
 ......................................................................................................................

(Extra space)................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) (i) Draw the shape of the NHF2 molecule and the shape of the BF3 molecule.

Include any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape. In each case
name the shape.

Shape of NHF2 Shape of BF3

Name of shape of NHF2 .....................................................................

Name of shape of BF3 ........................................................................

(4)

(ii) Suggest a value for the F—N—F bond angle in NHF2

.............................................................................................................
(1)

(c) State the strongest type of intermolecular force in a sample of NHF2

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(d) A molecule of NHF2 reacts with a molecule of BF3 as shown in the following
equation.

NHF2 + BF3 F2HNBF3

State the type of bond formed between the N atom and the B atom in F2HNBF3.

Explain how this bond is formed.

Name of type of bond ..................................................................................

Page 4
 How bond is formed .....................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q4.In 2009 a new material called graphane was discovered. The diagram shows part of a model
of the structure of graphane. Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms
and to one hydrogen atom.

(a) Deduce the type of crystal structure shown by graphane.

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) State how two carbon atoms form a carbon–carbon bond in graphane.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 5
 (c) Suggest why graphane does not conduct electricity.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(d) Deduce the empirical formula of graphane.

........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q5.Fluorine forms compounds with many other elements.

(a) Fluorine reacts with bromine to form liquid bromine trifluoride (BrF3).
State the type of bond between Br and F in BrF3 and state how this bond is formed.

Type of bond ..................................................................................................

How bond is formed ......................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Two molecules of BrF3 react to form ions as shown by the following equation.

2BrF3 BrF2+ + BrF4–

(i) Draw the shape of BrF3 and predict its bond angle.
Include any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape.

Shape of BrF3

Bond angle ............................................................................................

(2)

Page 6
 (ii) Draw the shape of BrF4– and predict its bond angle.
Include any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape.

Shape of BrF4–

Bond angle ............................................................................................

(2)

(c) BrF4– ions are also formed when potassium fluoride dissolves in liquid BrF3 to form
KBrF4
Explain, in terms of bonding, why KBrF4 has a high melting point.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

(Extra space) .................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(3)

(d) Fluorine reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen fluoride (HF).

(i) State the strongest type of intermolecular force between hydrogen fluoride
molecules.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Draw a diagram to show how two molecules of hydrogen fluoride are attracted
to each other by the type of intermolecular force that you stated in part (d)(i).
Include all partial charges and all lone pairs of electrons in your diagram.

Page 7
 (3)

(e) The boiling points of fluorine and hydrogen fluoride are –188 °C and 19.5 °C
respectively.
Explain, in terms of bonding, why the boiling point of fluorine is very low.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

(Extra space) .................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 15 marks)

Q6.The following equation shows the reaction of a phosphine molecule (PH3) with an H+ ion.

PH3 + H+ PH4+

(a) Draw the shape of the PH3 molecule. Include any lone pairs of electrons that
influence the shape.

(1)

(b) State the type of bond that is formed between the PH3 molecule and the H+ ion.
Explain how this bond is formed.

Name of bond ................................................................................................

How bond is formed ......................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Page 8
 (2)

(c) Predict the bond angle in the PH4 + ion.

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(d) Although phosphine molecules contain hydrogen atoms, there is no hydrogen

bonding between phosphine molecules.
Suggest an explanation for this.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q7.Aluminium and thallium are elements in Group 3 of the Periodic Table.

Both elements form compounds and ions containing chlorine and bromine.

(a) Write an equation for the formation of aluminium chloride from its elements.

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) An aluminium chloride molecule reacts with a chloride ion to form the AlCl4− ion.

Name the type of bond formed in this reaction. Explain how this type of bond is
formed in the AlCl4− ion.

Type of bond ..................................................................................................

Explanation ....................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)

Page 9
(c) Aluminium chloride has a relative molecular mass of 267 in the gas phase.

Deduce the formula of the aluminium compound that has a relative molecular mass
of 267

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(d) Deduce the name or formula of a compound that has the same number of atoms,
the same number of electrons and the same shape as the AlCl4− ion.

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(e) Draw and name the shape of the TlBr52− ion.

Shape of the TlBr52− ion.

Name of shape ..............................................................................................

(2)

(f) (i) Draw the shape of the TlCl2+ ion.

(1)

(ii) Explain why the TlCl2+ ion has the shape that you have drawn in part (f)(i).

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 10
(g) Which one of the first, second or third ionisations of thallium produces an ion with
the electron configuration [Xe] 5d106s1?

Tick ( ) one box.

First

Second

Third

(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Page 11