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Goldman 20 Exercise Answer Key

The document contains a Sanskrit passage and its translation into English. The passage describes Khara asking a question in anger after seeing his deformed sister Śūrpaṇakhā crying on the ground with her nose and ears cut off and her body smeared in blood. The summary provides the key details and context in under 3 sentences.

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Randy Rauton
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
195 views39 pages

Goldman 20 Exercise Answer Key

The document contains a Sanskrit passage and its translation into English. The passage describes Khara asking a question in anger after seeing his deformed sister Śūrpaṇakhā crying on the ground with her nose and ears cut off and her body smeared in blood. The summary provides the key details and context in under 3 sentences.

Uploaded by

Randy Rauton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reading & Verse exercises

कृत् and त त य-s;

Goldman 20 The य
Nominal Derivation and
Sanskrit Vocabulary
च्वि
प्र
द्धि
त्य
रु
प्र

त्य

A. Reading

सौ त भ शू णखाया रोदनं तां तथा शो त शरीरां क ना कां भूमौ प तां धमू तः खर एवं प ।
सौ - त- -भ शू णखायाः रोदनम् ताम् तथा शो त- -शरीराम् -क -ना काम् भूमौ प ताम् ध-मू तः खरः एवम् प

Sanskrit Grammar English


सौ - त- -भ gen sg. f KDH cpd. of his own sister who was deformed by
Lakṣmaṇa
शू णखायाः gen sg. f Śūrpaṇakhā

रोदनम् acc sg. n. crying


gerund √śru 5P having heard

ताम् acc. sg. f. her/that

तथा ind. thus, so, in that way

शो त- -शरीराम् acc. sg. f. BV cpd. she whose body is blood-smeared

-क -ना काम् acc. sg. f BV whose nose and ears were cut

भूमौ loc. sg. f to the ground

प ताम् acc. sg. f, past passive participle √pat 1P fallen


gerund pra√īkṣ having seen

ध-मू तः nom. sg. m senseless with anger

खरः nom. sg. m Khara

एवम् ind. thus

प 3rd sg. perfect √prach 6P asked

Literal Translation: of his own Lakṣmaṇa-deformed sister, Śūrpaṇakhā, the crying having heard, her thus, whose body was
blood-smeared, whose nose and ears were cut, to the ground fallen having seen, the senseless with anger Khara, thus asked.
Natural Translation: Having heard the crying of his sister Śūrpaṇakhā who was deformed by Lakṣmaṇa, [and] having seen
her fallen to the ground with nose and ears cut o and body smeared with blood, Khara, senseless with anger, asked:
र्च्छि
र्च्छि
र्च्छि
श्रु
छि
प्रे
क्रो
ति
प्र
क्ष्य
त्वा
र्प
मि
मि
न्न
णि
मि
च्छ
त्रि
त्रि
त्रि
वि
वि
र्ण
वि
दि
रू
रू
ग्ध
रू
पि
पि
पि
सि
स्व
स्व
स्व
गि
गि
गि
न्याः
न्याः
न्याः
र्प
र्प
श्रु
श्रु
त्वा
त्वा
ff
णि
णि
दि
दि
ग्ध
ग्ध
छि
छि
न्न
न्न
र्ण
र्ण
सि
सि
ति
ति
प्रे
प्रे
क्ष्य
क्ष्य
क्रो
क्रो
प्र
प्र
च्छ
च्छ
केन का कै मेवं ता ।
केन का म् कैः वा म् एवम् ता

Sanskrit Grammar English


केन inst. sg by whom (singular)?

का म् inst. du. by whom (dual)?

कैः inst. pl. by whom (many)?

वा ind. or

म् nom. sg. you

एवम् ind. thus

ता nom. sg. f deformed

Literal Translation: By what [one person], by what [two people], by what [group of people] or, you thus are
deformed?
Natural Translation: By whom have you been so deformed?!
वि
त्व
रू
भ्या
पि
भ्यां
भ्या
र्वा
त्व
त्व
वि
रू
पि
वि
रू
पि
मम जीवतः को महावीरो देवग मानवानामेवं पं क क धृ ।
मम जीवतः कः महा-वीरः देव-ग -मानवानाम् एवम्- पम् क क म् धृ

Sanskrit Grammar English


मम gen. sg my, of me (gen. abs)

जीवतः gen. sg. m present participle √jīv 1P of living (gen. abs)

कः nom. sg. m who, which

महा-वीरः nom. sg. m KDH great hero


of gods, celestial beings, and
देव-ग -मानवानाम् gen. pl. m DV cpd.
humans
एवम्- पम् acc. sg. n. BV cmp. whose form is thus, like that

क acc. sg. n the deed/action

क म् in nitive √kṛ 8P to do

धृ 3rd sg. pres. √dhṛṣ 5P he dares

Literal Translation: Though I am living, which great hero, out of the gods, celestial beings or men, of such a form
an action to do dares.
Natural Translation: What great hero among the gods, gandharvas, or men dares to do this kind of action, while I
am still alive?
ष्णो
fi
र्तु
र्म
न्ध
ति
रू
र्व
न्ध
न्ध
र्व
र्व
रू
र्म
रू
र्तुं
ष्णो
र्म
ति
र्तु
ष्णो
ति
(verses)

हत मया सं शरसंकृ म णः ।
हत मया सं शर-संकृ -म णः

Sanskrit Grammar English


gen. sg. m, past passive participle
हत ni√han 2P
is slain

मया inst. sg. by me

सं loc. sg. n. in battle


he whose vital spot is pierced by an
शर-संकृ -म णः gen. sg. m BV cpd.
arrow

Translation: “[Who] is the one pierced by arrows, slain by me in battle,


नि
नि
नि
ख्ये
स्य
स्य
स्य
त्त
र्म
ख्ये
ख्ये
त्त
त्त
र्म
र्म
सफेनं मे नी र क वीर पा ॥१॥
सफेनम् मे नी र म् क वीर पा

Sanskrit Grammar English


सफेनम् acc. sg. n frothy

मे नी nom. sg. f the earth

र म् acc. sg. n blood

क gen. sg. of whom

वीर gen. sg. m of the hero

पा 3rd. sg. future √pā 1P will drink

Translation: Who is the hero, whose frothy blood the earth will drink?”
क्त
दि
स्य
स्य
स्य
ति
दि
दि
क्तं
क्त
स्य
स्य
स्य
स्य
स्य
ति
स्य
ति
क प रथाः काया समु संगताः ।
क प रथाः कायात् मांसम् उ संगताः

Sanskrit Grammar English


क gen. sg. of whom

प रथाः nom. pl. m carrion birds

कायात् abl. sg f. from the body

मांसम् acc. sg. n esh

उ gerund ut√kṛ 8P having torn apart


nom. pl. past passive participle joined with, united with, met with,
संगताः sam√gam 1P gathered

Translation next slide


fl
त्कृ
त्र
स्य
स्य
स्य
त्य
त्र
त्र
न्मां
त्कृ

त्य
त्कृ
त्य
भ हत मया रणे ॥२॥
भ हत मया रणे

Sanskrit Grammar English


nom. pl. m past passive participle
delighted
pra√hṛṣ
भ 3rd pl. future √bhakṣ 10P will eat
gen. sg. past passive participle
हत ni√han 2P
of the killed

मया inst. sg. by me

रणे loc. sg. n in battle

Translation: “Carrion birds, having torn apart the esh from the body of whom slain by me in battle, gathered,
will eat, delighted?”
प्र
प्र
प्र
नि
क्ष
हृ
हृ
हृ
ष्टा
ष्टाः
ष्टाः
यि
स्य
ष्य
क्ष
क्ष
न्ति
यि
यि
ष्य
ष्य
न्ति
न्ति
नि
नि
स्य
स्य
fl
ततः स वे ते वृ शू णखया खरः परमम तु श महाबलान कोपमा साना यैवमवोचत् ।
ततः स न् वे ते वृ शू णखया खरः परम-म चतुर-् दश महा-बलान् अ क-उपमान् रा सान् आ य एवम् अवोचत्
Sanskrit Grammar English
ततः ind. then, thus
स न् loc. sg. n. all (loc. abs)
loc. sg. n, caus. past passive participle
वे ते ni√vid 2P
informed, made known (loc. abs)

वृ loc. sg. n news (loc. abs)


शू णखया inst. sg. f by Śūrpaṇakhā
खरः nom. sg. m Khara
परम-म nom. sg. m, BV cpd. one whose grief was supreme
चतुर-् दश acc. pl. m. fourteen
महा-बलान acc. pl. m, BV cpd. ones whose might is great
अ क-उपमान् acc. pl. m, BV cpd. ones who are like Death
रा सान् acc. pl. m demons
आ य gerund ā√hū 1P having summoned
एवम् ind. thus
अवोचत् 3rd. sg. aorist √vac 2P said

Literal Translation: Then, when all made known the news by Śūrpaṇakhā, Khara, in great distress, the fourteen most mighty
death-like demons having summoned, thus said:
Natural Translation: Then, the full story having been related by Śūrpaṇakhā, Khara, greatly distressed, summoned fourteen
mighty demons, the like of Death, and said:
नि
त्ते
र्व
न्त
र्प
क्ष
हू
स्मि
दि
र्व
र्व
न्युः
स्मि
स्मि
न्नि
नि
दि
दि
त्ते
त्ते
र्प
र्प
न्यु
न्युः
श्च
र्द
न्त
न्त
न्रा
क्ष
हू
क्ष
हू
कौचन मानुषौ श संप तापसा रौ द कार कयाचन मदया सह वसतः ।
कौ-चन मानुषौ श -संप तापस-अ रौ द क-अर कया-चन मदया सह वसतः

Sanskrit Grammar English


कौ-चन nom. du. m + inde nite marker some [two]
मानुषौ nom. du. m men
श -संप nom. du. m, TP inst. cpd endowed with weapons
तापस-अ रौ nom. du. m, BV in the garb of ascetics
द क-अर loc. sg. n in the daṇḍaka forest
कया-चन inst. sg. f + inde nite marker by, with some
मदया inst. sg. f by, with a wanton woman
सह ind. accompanied
वसतः acc. du. m, 3rd pres. ni√vas they live/dwell

Literal Translation: some [two] men who are endowed with weapons, in the garb of ascetics, in the Daṇḍaka
forest, by some wanton woman accompanied, they dwell
Natural Translation: “Two men with weapons, wearing in the garb of ascetics, live in the Daṇḍaka forest along
with a wanton woman.”
नि
प्र
ण्ड
स्त्र
म्ब
न्नौ
न्ये
fi
स्त्र
स्त्र
fi
न्नौ
न्नौ
म्ब
म्ब
ण्ड
ण्ड
न्ये
न्ये
प्र
प्र
नि
नि
तेषां वधं कार मां मम भ तेषां शो तं पाययते ।
तेषाम् वधम् कार इमाम् मम भ नीम् तेषाम् शो तम् पाययत इ

Sanskrit Grammar English


तेषाम् gen. pl. m/n their, of them
वधम् acc. sg. m death
कार caus. gerund √kṛ 8P having caused to do, having made
इमाम् acc. sg. f this
मम gen. sg. my
भ नीम् acc. sg. f sister
तेषाम् gen. pl. m their
शो तम् acc. sg. n blood
पाययत caus. impv. 2nd pl √pā 1P you cause to drink
इ ind. (quote)

Literal Translation: “of them, death having caused, my sister, their blood cause to drink”
Natural Translation: “Having slain them, set my sister to drink their blood.”
ति
गि
णि
यि
त्वा
यि
त्वे
यि
त्वा
गि
नीं
गि
णि
णि
ति
ति
एवमु रा सा पेन यथा पय देव इ म कृ ते दाशरथेः शौ म य मनोवेगेनाग शर मम् ।
एवम् उ रा स-अ पेन यथा-आ पय देवः इ आ म् अ -कृ ते दाशरथेः शौ म् अ य मनस्-वेगेन अग न् दाशर -आ मम्
Sanskrit Grammar English
एवम् ind. thus

उ nom. sg. pl. past passive participle √vac addressed


2P
रा स-अ पेन inst. sg. m TP gen. by the king of the demons
यथा ind. just as
आ पय 3rd sg. pres. caus ā√jñā 9P he orders
देवः nom. sg. m the Lord
इ ind. (quote)
आ म् acc. sg. f order, command
अ -कृ gerund (cvi pratyaya) having agreed
ते nom. pl. m they
दाशरथेः gen. sg. m of Rāma (the descendant of Daśaratha)
शौ म् acc. sg. m heroism
अ य gerund a-vi√jñā 9P having not known
मनस्-वेगेन inst. sg. m TP gen. with the speed of the mind
अग न् 3rd pl. impf √gam 1P they went

दाशर -आ मम् the hermitage of descendant of


acc. sg. m
Daśaratha
Literal Translation: thus addressed by the king of demons, “just as orders the Lord” the command having accepted, they of
Rāma’s heroism having not known, with the speed of the mind they went, to the hermitage of Rāma.
Natural Translation: Thus addressed by the Lord of Demons, having accepted the command [saying], “as the Lord orders”,
ignorant of Rāma’s heroism, they went to Rāma’s hermitage with the speed of thought.
क्ताः
ति
क्ष
ङ्गी
वि
ज्ञा
ज्ञा
र्य
च्छ
ज्ञा
थ्य
क्ता
क्ताः
त्य
धि
ति
श्र
क्ष
क्ष
धि
धि
ज्ञा
ज्ञा
ति
ति
त्या
ति
ज्ञा
ज्ञा
ङ्गी
ङ्गी
त्य
त्य
र्य
र्य
वि
ज्ञा
वि
ज्ञा
च्छ
न्दा
च्छ
थ्या
थ्य
श्र
श्र
इमां तु श युगा मेघोपमा सा काकु तरम वीत् ।
इमान् चतु श युग-अ -मेघा-उपमान् रा सान् काकु तरम् अ वीत्

Sanskrit Grammar English


इमान् acc. pl. m them
चतु श nom. pl. fourteen

युग-अ -मेघा-उपमान् acc. pl. m, BV cpd whose likeness was unto a storm
cloud at the end of the yuga
रा सान् acc. pl. m the demons
gerund √dṛś having seen
काकु nom. sg. m Rāma
तरम् acc. sg. m to [his] brother
अ वीत् 3rd sg. impf. √brū 2P he said

Literal Translation: those fourteen, like a storm cloud at the end of the world age demons having seen, Rāma to
[his] brother said:
Natural Translation: Having seen those demons, who were like a storm cloud at the end of a world age, Rāma
said to his brother:
दृ
भ्रा
ष्ट्वा
क्ष
ब्र
र्द
श्च
त्स्थः
न्त
र्द
र्द
न्त
न्त
न्रा
क्ष
ष्ट्वा
न्दृ
क्ष
त्स्थो
दृ
ष्ट्वा
भ्रा
त्स्थः
ब्र
भ्रा
ब्र
(verse)

मु भव सौ सीतायाः न रः ।
मु म् भव सौ सीतायाः न रः

Sanskrit Grammar English


मु म् acc. sg. m instantly, presently; a moment
भव 2nd sg. impv. √bhū be
सौ voc. sg. m Lakṣmaṇa
सीतायाः gen. sg. f of Sītā
न रः ind. in the immediate neighbourhood

Translation: “O Lakṣmaṇa, stay a moment near Sītā,


प्र
हू
हू
हू
त्य
मि
र्तं
र्त
र्त
त्रे
न्त
मि
मि
त्रे
त्रे
प्र
प्र
त्य
त्य
न्त
न्त
यावदेता सा ने ॥३॥
यावत् एतान् व - न् रा सान् वने

Sanskrit Grammar English


यावत् ind. as long as
एतान् acc. pl. m these
व 1st sg fut. √vadh 1P I will kill
- न् acc. pl. m TP gen killers of Brahmans
रा सान् acc. pl. m demons
वने loc. sg. n in the forest

Translation: while I kill these demons that are killers of Brahmans in the forest.”
ब्र
धि
ह्म
क्ष
ष्या
घ्ना
मि
न्व
धि
ष्या
धि
मि
ष्या
ब्र
मि
ह्म
ब्र
घ्ना
ह्म
न्रा
घ्ना
क्ष
न्व
क्ष
ततो शाचरानुवाच ।
ततः शाचरान् उवाच

Sanskrit Grammar English


ततः ind. then

शाचरान् acc. pl. m the night roamers

उवाच 1st pft. sg √vac 2P he said

Translation: Then he said to the night roamers:


नि
नि
नि
(verse)

यु महं ऋ यो तः ।
यु न् ह म् अहम् ऋ च यो तः

Sanskrit Grammar English


यु न् acc. pl you

ह म् in nitive √han 2P to kill

अहम् nom. sg. I


nom. sg. m have arrived

ऋ inst. pl. m with sages

च ind and
nom. sg. m caus. present participle
यो तः appointed
ni√yuj

Translation: “I, who am appointed by the sages to kill you, have arrived.
प्रा
नि
न्तु
ष्मा
ष्मा
ष्मा
fi
षि
प्तः
भिः
जि
न्ह
न्तु
न्तु
प्रा
प्त
प्रा
षि
प्तः
भि
श्च
षि
नि
भिः
जि
नि
जि
य णौ हा वो व शाचराः ॥४॥
य णैः इह अ वः व म् शाचराः

Sanskrit Grammar English


य ind. if
णैः inst. pl. m with breaths
इह ind. here
अ nom. sg. m. value, use, for the sake of
वः gen. pl. (enclitic form) your, of you
व म् 2nd pl. impv. ni√vṛt 1Ā you turn back
शाचराः voc. pl. m night roamers

Translation: Turn back, night roamers, if you value your lives!”


प्रा
नि
नि
दि
दि
दि
र्थः
र्त
प्रा
प्रा
ध्व
रि
र्थो
र्थः
नि
नि
र्त
ध्वं
र्त
ध्व
नि
नि
इ महा ना धै वी संप न ते शूलपाणयो रा साः धाकुलमनस एवमूचुः ।
इ उ महा-अ ना धै -वी -संप न ते शूल-पाणयः रा साः ध-आकुल-मनसः एवम ऊचुः

Sanskrit Grammar English


इ ind. (quote)
उ nom. pl. m thus addressed
महा-अ ना inst sg. m BV one with a great soul
धै -वी -संप न inst. sg. m, TP cpd. by endowed with valor and fortitude
ते nom. pl. they
शूल-पाणयः nom. pl. m BV ones having in hand a lance
रा साः nom. pl. m the demons
ध-आकुल-मनसः nom. pl. m BV with minds were confounded with
anger
एवम ind. thus
ऊचुः 3rd. pl. perfect √vac 2P they said

Literal Translation: Thus addressed by the one with a great soul, who was endowed with valour and fortitude,
the ones with lance in hand, those demons, with minds confounded by anger, thus said:
Natural Translation: Thus addressed by him who was a great Soul endowed with valour and fortitude, those
demons with lances in hand, their minds confounded by anger, replied:
क्रो
क्ताः
त्यु
ति
ति
क्ष
र्य
क्ता
क्ताः
त्म
र्य
त्म
न्ने
त्म
र्य
र्य
र्य
न्ने
र्य
न्ने
क्ष
क्रो
क्ष
क्रो
(verse)

धमु नो भ खर सुमहा नः ।
धम् उ नः भ खर सु-महा-आ नः

Sanskrit Grammar English


धम् acc. sg. m anger
उ caus. gerund ut√pad 4Ā having produced, having aroused
नः gen. pl of us
भ gen. sg. m of a protector
खर gen. sg. m of Khara
सु-महा-आ नः gen. sg. m BV of one whose mind was very great

Translation: “Having aroused the anger of Khara our protector, whose mind is very great,
क्रो
क्रो
क्रो
त्पा
र्तुः
स्य
द्य
त्पा
त्पा
द्य
त्म
द्य
र्तुः
र्तुः
स्य
स्य
त्म
त्म
मेव हा णान तो यु ॥५॥
म् एव हा णान् अ अ हतः यु

Sanskrit Grammar English


म् nom. sg you
एव ind. indeed
हा 2nd sg future √hā 3P you will abandon
णान् acc. pl. m the life breaths
अ ind. now
अ inst. pl by us
nom. sg. m past pass. participle
हतः killed
√han 2P
यु loc. sg. m f in battle

Translation: you indeed, will die now, killed by us in battle!”


त्व
त्व
त्व
प्रा
धि
स्मा
द्य
स्य
सि
भिः
स्य
स्य
सि
सि
प्रा
प्रा
द्या
स्मा
द्य
भि
र्ह
स्मा
भिः
धि
धि
(verse)

का ते श रेक ब नां रणमू ।


का ते श एक ब नाम् रण-मू

Sanskrit Grammar English


का nom. sg. f what
ind. indeed

ते gen. sg. of you

श nom. sg. f power

एक gen. sg. m of one

ब नाम् gen. pl. m of many

रण-मू loc. sg. m, TP gen. cpd at the forefront of battle

Translation: “For what power do you alone have against many, at the battlefront?
हि
हू
क्तिः
हि
हि
स्य
र्ध
नि
क्ति
क्तिः
स्य
स्य
हू
हू
र्ध
नि
र्ध
नि
अ कम तः तुं पुन माहवे ॥६॥
अ कम् अ तः तुम् म् पुनः यो म् आहवे

Sanskrit Grammar English


अ कम् gen. pl of us
अ तः ind. agra+taḥ in front of
तुम् in nitive √sthā 1P to remain, to stand
म् पुनः nom. sg. m how much more?
यो म् in nitive √yudh 4Ā to ght
आहवे loc. sg. m in battle

Translation: To stand in front of us — let alone to ght us in battle?”


किं
स्था
कि
स्मा
स्मा
ग्र
स्मा
fi
fi
fi
द्धु
ग्र
ग्र
स्था
स्था
कि
र्यो
द्धु
द्धु
fi
इ वाणा संर पु शूला राघवे परमदु ये ।
इ वाणाः ते संर पुः ता शूला राघवे परम-दु ये

Sanskrit Grammar English


इ ind (end quote)
nom. pl. m present participle √brū
वाणाः speaking
2P/Ā
ते nom. pl. m they
nom. pl. m past passive participle
संर infuriated
sam√rabh 1Ā
पुः 3rd pl. perfect √kṣip 6P they threw

ता acc. pl. n those

शूला acc. pl. n lances, spears

राघवे loc. sg. m at Rāma

परम-दु ये loc. sg. m, KDH cpd. the invincible

Literal Translation: those who were speaking were infuriated, they threw their lances at Rāma, the invincible one
Natural Translation: Speaking thus, the infuriated [demons] threw their lances at Rāma, the invincible one.
ब्रु
चि
ति
ति
ति
नि
क्षि
ब्धाः
ब्रु
ब्रु
नि
र्ज
स्ते
ब्धा
ब्धाः
श्चि
चि
क्षि
क्षि
स्ता
नि
नि
नि
नि
र्ज
र्ज
स वीरो न णम जमान चतु श प घस भा शूला ताव षु द।
स वीरः न णम् अ उ जमानः ता चतु श प घ-स भा शूला ताव इषु द
Sanskrit Grammar English
स nom. sg. m that
वीरः nom. sg. m hero
न ind. not
णम् acc. sg. m a moment, an instant
अ ind. even

उ जमानः nom. sg. m. present participle ut√vij trembling



ता acc. pl. n those
चतु श acc. pl. n fourteen
प घ-स भा acc. pl. n, TP gen. like unto iron bars
शूला acc. pl. n spears
ताव inst. pl. with so many
इषु inst. pl. m with arrows
द 3rd sg. perfect √chid 7P cut

Translation: That hero, not trembling even for a moment, cut those fourteen spears that were like iron bars with
as many arrows.
च्छे
च्छे
च्छे
क्ष
चि
द्वि
रि
पि
नि
भिः
र्द
द्भिः
नि
न्नि
क्ष
क्ष
नि
प्यु
द्वि
पि
द्वि
स्ता
नि
नि
र्द
र्द
रि
रि
न्नि
नि
न्नि
नि
नि
नि
द्भि
रि
द्भिः
भि
श्चि
भिः
चि
ततो शाचराँ कृ मुमोच राघवो बाणान् ।
ततः शाचरान् ल -कृ मुमोच राघवः बाणान्

Sanskrit Grammar English


ततः ind. thus, then

शाचरान् acc. pl. m the demons

ल -कृ gerund cvi-pratyaya, lakṣyam√kṛ 8P having made a target

मुमोच 3rd sg perfect √muc 6P freed

राघवः nom. sg. m Rāma

बाणान् acc. pl. m the arrows

Literal Translation: Then Rāma, having made the demons a target, let loose arrows.
Natural Translation: Then Rāma, having taken aim at the demons, loosed [his] arrows.
नि
क्ष्यी
नि
नि
त्य
ल्ल
क्ष्यी
क्ष्यी
त्य
त्य
त इषवो रा सानां व वेगेन व का व स भू शुः ।
ते इषवः रा सानाम् व वेगेन व कान् इव स भू म् शुः

Sanskrit Grammar English


ते nom. pl. m they

इषवः nom. pl. m. arrows

रा सानाम् gen. pl. m of the demons

व acc. pl. n the chests

वेगेन inst. sg. m with speed, speedily, quickly


gerund √bhid 7P having pierced

व कान् acc. pl. m ant hills

इव ind. like

स nom. pl. m snakes

भू म् acc. sg. f the earth

शुः 3rd pl. perfect pra√viś 6P they entered

Literal Translation: Those arrows, having quickly pierced the chests of the demons, entered the earth like snakes
[entering] ant hills.
मिं
भि
प्र
क्षां
ल्मी
मि
वि
क्ष
र्पाः
त्त्वा
वि
सि
क्ष
क्ष
क्षां
क्षां
सि
सि
भि
भि
त्त्वा
त्त्वा
ल्मी
ल्मी
नि
र्पा
र्पाः
प्र
मि
वि
वि
प्र
वि
वि
प गतेषु शाचरेषु शू णखातीव भीता च पुन न नं ग तरं खरं स पयामास ।
प म् गतेषु शाचरेषु शू णखा अतीव भीता च पुनर् जन नम् ग तरम् खरम् स म् पयामास
Sanskrit Grammar English
प म् acc. sg. n dissolution, death

गतेषु loc. pl. m, past passive participle √gam gone (loc. abs)

शाचरेषु loc. pl. m night roamers (loc. abs)

शू णखा nom. sg. f Śūrpaṇakhā

अ व ind. very
nom. sg. f, past passive participle √tras 1P frightened

भीता nom. sg. f. past passive participle √bhī 3P scared

च ind. and

पुनर् ind. again, back

जन नम् acc. sg. n to Janasthāna

ग gerund √gam 1P having gone

तरम् acc. sg. m the brother

खरम् acc. sg. m Khara

स म् acc. sg. everything

पयामास 3rd sg. caus. periph. perfect √jñā 9P told, caused to know

Literal Translation: When the night roamers were gone to death, Śūrpaṇakhā who was very frightened and scared, having
gone back to Janasthāna, told everything to Khara her brother.
Natural Translation: When the night roamers were destroyed, Śūrpaṇakhā, terri ed, returned to Janasthāna [and] told
everything to Khara, her brother.
नि
त्र
भ्रा
ज्ञा
स्ता
त्वा
ञ्च
र्व
ञ्च
ञ्च
ति
र्प
स्था
त्व
त्वं
त्व
नि
नि
र्प
र्प
त्र
स्ता
त्र
स्ता
र्ज
स्था
स्था
त्वा
भ्रा
त्वा
fi
भ्रा
र्वं
ज्ञा
र्व
ज्ञा
त श स शाचरो ऽ कु तः स षणं नाम सेनाप मु खरः खरवचनमवोचत् ।
तत् श सः शाचरः अ म् कु तः सन् दुषणम् नाम सेना-प म् उ खरः खर-वचनम् अवोचत्
Sanskrit Grammar English
तत् acc. sg. n that

श gerund ni√śam 4P having heard, having listened to

सः nom. sg. m he

शाचरः nom. sg. m night roamer

अ म् ind. exceedingly

कु तः nom. sg. m, past pass. participle angry

सन् nom. sg. m present participle √as 2P being

दूषणम् acc. sg. m Dūṣaṇa

नाम ind. called

सेना-प म् acc. sg. m TP gen. cpd. the lord of the army

उ gerund ud√diś 6P to, with reference to, having pointed out

खरः nom. sg. m Khara

खर-वचनम् acc. sg. n KDH harsh speech

अवोचत् 3rd sg. aorist √vac 2P said

Literal Translation: Having heard that, that night roamer Khara, being exceedingly angry, said this harsh speech to the lord of
the army named Duṣaṇa:
Natural Translation: Having heard that, that night roamer, Khara, much enraged, said these harsh words to the lord of the
army, Duṣaṇa:
नि
नि
द्दि
न्नि
त्य
पि
श्य
म्य
नि
न्त
ति
म्य
म्य
नि
नि
त्य
न्तं
त्य
न्त
पि
पि
न्दू
ति
द्दि
श्य
ति
द्दि
श्य
(verse)

चतु श सह मम नुव नाम् ।


चतुर-् दश सह मम -अनुव नाम्

Sanskrit Grammar English


चतुर-् दश nom. pl. n. fourteen

सह nom. pl. n. thousand

मम gen. sg. my

-अनुव नाम् gen. pl. m, TP acc obedient to the will

Translation: “Fourteen thousand demons, who are obedient to my will,


र्ति
र्ति
र्ति
चि
त्त
स्स्रा
र्द
णि
स्ना
स्स्रा
णि
णि
चि
चि
त्ता
त्त
र सां भीमवेगानां समरे व नाम् ॥७॥
र साम् भीम-वेगानाम् समरेषु अ व नाम्

Sanskrit Grammar English


र साम् gen. pl. m of the demons

भीम-वेगानाम् gen. pl. m BV whose speed is ferocious

समरेषु loc. pl. m in battles

अ व नाम् gen. pl. m not turning back

Translation: [who] in battle are of ferocious speed and do not turn back…”
र्ति
र्ति
र्ति
क्ष
क्ष
क्ष
नि
ष्व
नि
नि
(verse)

नीलजीमूतव नां घोराणां रक णाम् ।


नील-जीमूत-व नाम् घोराणाम् र-क णाम्

Sanskrit Grammar English

नील-जीमूत-व नाम् gen. pl. m BV who have the colour of black clouds

घोराणाम् gen. pl. m erce, terrifying

र-क णाम् gen. pl. m BV whose actions are cruel

Translation: “…[they] whose colour is of storm clouds, who are terrible [and] cruel,
क्रू
fi
र्म
र्णा
र्णा
र्णा
क्रू
क्रू
र्म
र्म
लोक सा हा णां ब नामु तेजसाम् ॥८॥
लोक- सा- हा णाम् ब नाम् उ -तेजसाम्

Sanskrit Grammar English

लोक- सा- हा णाम् gen. pl. m TP loc. delighting in injury to the world

ब नाम् gen. pl. m powerful

उ -तेजसाम् gen. pl. m BV whose splendour is erce

Translation: delighting in injury to the world, powerful, [and] of erce splendour…”


हिं
हिं
हिं
ग्र
लि
वि
वि
वि
रि
रि
रि
fi
लि
लि
ग्र
ग्र
fi
सेनां संयोजय सौ ।
सेनाम् संयोजय सौ इ

Sanskrit Grammar English


सेनाम् acc. sg. f the army

संयोजय 2nd sg. caus. impv. sam√yuj 7P/Ā yoke, prepare, ready

सौ voc. sg. m my good man!

इ ind (end quote)

Translation: “Ready the army, my good man!”


ति
म्य
म्ये
म्य
ति
ति
ततः सं यां रा ससेनायां राघवा मे मह मभूत् ।
ततः सं याम् रा स-सेनायाम् राघव-आ मे महत् यु म् अभूत्

Sanskrit Grammar English


ततः ind. then
loc. sg. f, past passive participle
सं याम् sam+pra√āp 5P
arrived (loc. abs)

रा स-सेनायाम् loc. sg. f, TP gen. the army of demons (loc. abs)

राघव-आ मे loc. sg. m, TP gen. the hermitage of Rāma

महत् nom. sg. n great

यु म् nom. sg. n battle

अभूत् 3rd sg. aorist √bhū 1P (there) was

Translation: Then, when the army of demons arrived at the hermitage of Rāma, there was a great battle.
द्ध
क्ष
प्रा
प्ता
प्रा
प्रा
प्ता
प्ता
श्र
क्ष
क्ष
श्र
श्र
द्यु
द्ध
द्ध
अ तो रामेणा हता शाचरचमूः सखरदूषणा यथो गजयूथं कु त हेन ।
अ तः रामेण अ हता शाचर-चमूः स-खर-दूषणा यथा उ -गज-यूथम् कु त- हेन

Sanskrit Grammar English


अ तः ind. nally
रामेण inst. sg. m by Rāma
nom. sg. f, past passive participle
अ हता annihilated
abhi√han 2P
शाचर-चमूः nom. sg. f, TP gen. cpd. the army of night roamers
स-खर-दूषणा nom. sg. f. BV cpd. with (led by) Dūṣaṇa and Khara
यथा ind. just as
उ -गज-यूथम् nom. sg. n, TP gen. cpd. a herd of elephants gone mad
कु त- हेन inst. sg. m KDH cpd. by an angry lion

Translation: Finally, the army of night roamers led by Dūṣana and Khara, were annihilated by Rāma, just like a
herd of mad elephants [annihilated] by an angry lion.
सिं
सिं
सिं
fi
नि
न्म
न्त
न्त
न्त
भि
पि
त्त
भि
भि
नि
नि
न्म
त्त
न्म
त्त
पि
पि
स षां द कार तानां रा सानामेक एवाक नो नाम कथम जीवन् …
स षाम् द क-अर - तानाम् रा सानाम् एकः एव अक नः नाम कथम जीवन् …

Sanskrit Grammar English


स षाम् gen. pl. m of all
द क-अर - तानाम् gen. pl. m, TP loc. cpd. that resided in the Daṇḍaka forest
रा सानाम् gen. pl. m of the demons
एकः nom. sg. m one
एव ind. indeed, only, just
अक नः nom. sg. m Akampana
नाम nom. sg. n called, named
कथम ind. somehow
जीवन् nom sg m, present participle √jīv 1P was living

Literal Translation: Just one of all the demons that had resided in the Daṇḍaka forest, named Akampana, was
somehow living. (…)
Natural translation on next slide
ण्ड
क्ष
र्वे
र्वे
र्वे
म्प
पि
ण्ड
ण्ड
ण्य
स्थि
ण्य
स्थि
ण्य
स्थि
क्ष
क्ष
म्प
म्प
पि
पि
… दुःखा ल कथं रा सा राजं दश वं वै वणं रावणमुपग खरदूषण नाशनं वेदया कार ॥
… दुःख-आ ल म् कथं त् रा स-अ -राजम् दश- वम् वै वणम् रावणम् उपग खर-दूषण- नाशनम् वेदयाम्-चकार
Sanskrit Grammar English
दुःख-आ nom. sg. m, TP inst. cpd. a icted by su ering
ल म् acc. sg. f Laṅka
कथं त् ind. somehow
gerund pra√āp 5P having obtained, reached
रा स-अ राजम् acc. sg. m, TP gen. the supreme king of the demons
दश- वम् acc. sg. m BV the one with ten necks
वै वणम् acc. sg. m descendant of Viśravaṇa
रावणम् acc. sg. m Rāvaṇa
उपग gerund upa√gam 1P having approached
the destruction of Dūṣaṇa and
खर-दूषण- नाशनम् acc. sg. n TP gen.
Khara
3rd sg. caus. periph. perfect ni√vid informed, communicated
वेदयाम्-चकार
2P
Literal Translation: A icted by su ering, having reached Laṅka somehow, having approached Rāvaṇa, the
descendant of Viśravaṇa with ten necks, the supreme king of the demons, he [Akampana] communicated the
destruction of Dūṣaṇa and Khara.
Natural Translation (full): Only one of all the demons residing in the Daṇḍaka forest, named Akampana, had
survived. A icted by su ering, he, somehow reaching Laṅka, brought news of the destruction of Dūṣaṇa and
Khara to Rāvaṇa, the ten-necked descendant of Viśravaṇa, the supreme king of the demons.
प्र
नि
ffl
श्र
प्य
क्ष
ङ्का
चि
ग्री
म्य
र्तो
र्तः
धि
र्तः
वि
ffl
ङ्कां
ff
ङ्का
चि
ffl
चि
त्प्रा
ff
प्र
प्य
प्य
क्ष
क्ष
ff
धि
धि
ग्री
ग्री
श्र
श्र
म्य
म्य
वि
वि
नि
नि
ञ्च
F. Verse Translation:

बोधाय जातो ऽ जग ता म भवो यं ममे । And the Buddha, having looked in the four
चतु शं हग लो वा च भ करीमुवाच ॥ directions said the words that reveal truth:
“I am born for the sake of awakening, for the
बोधाय जातः अ जगत्- त-अ म् अ भव-उ इयम् मम इ sake of the bene t of the world; this is my
चतुर-् शम् ह-ग लो वाणीम् च भ -अ -करीम् उवाच last birth in existence.”
Sanskrit Grammar English
बोधाय dat. sg. m to/for awakening, knowledge, understanding

जातः nom. sg. m born, arisen

अ 1st sg. pres. √as 2P I am

जगत्- त-अ म् ind. TP gen for the sake of the bene t of the world

अ nom. sg. f the last

भव-उ nom. sg. f TP gen birth in existence

इयम् nom. sg. f this

मम gen. sg. my

इ ind. (quote)

चतुर-् शम् acc. sg. f KDH cpd. in the four directions

ह-ग nom. sg. m BV cpd. whose gait/path is that of the lion (Buddha)

लो gerund vi√lok 10P having looked

वाणीम् acc. sg. f speech

च ind. and

भ -अ -करीम् acc. sg. f causing to be able to perceive truth/ virtue

उवाच 3rd. sg. perfect √vac 2P said


सिं
सिं
सिं
र्दि
र्वि
वि
ति
व्य
स्मि
न्त्या
क्य
दि
दि
त्प
हि
तिः
र्थ
त्तिः
र्थ
स्मि
ति
स्मि
तिः
fi
वि
क्य
fi
द्धि
हि
क्य
र्थ
णीं
र्थ
न्त्या
न्त्या
व्या
र्थ
व्य
त्प
त्ति
त्प
र्थ
रि
त्तिः
ति
ति

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