EAPP - Clear topic sentences enable a reader to
follow your line or thinking without
difficulty.
- the one to consider (choice of word)
LESSON 1
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE - Refers to the oral, THESIS DRIVEN
written, auditory and visual language - The starting point of an academic text is a
proficiency required to learn effectively in particular perspective, idea or position
schools and academic programs_ i.e. Used applied to the chosen research problems,
in classroom lessons, books, tests, and such as establishing, proving or disproving
assignments, and it’s the language that solutions to the questions posed for the
students are expected to learn and achieve topic.
fluency in
CITATION
NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF - Citing sources in the body of the paper
ACADEMIC TEXT and providing a list of references as either
footnotes
Academic Text is a written language that or endnotes is a very important aspect of
provides information which contains ideas an academic text.
and concepts that are related to a - quoted text that have been used in a
particular disciplines. Essay, research paper, paper as a defense against allegations of
report, projects, article, thesis and plagiarism
dissertations are academic texts.
COMPLEXITY
STRUCTURE - Addresses complex issues that require
- Unlike fiction or journalistic writing, the higher-order thinking skills to comprehend.
overall structure of an academic text if
formal and logical. ( introdcution, body, EVIDENCE-BASED ARGUMENTS
conclusion) - opinions are based on a sound
- It must be cohesive and must posses a understanding of the pertinent body of
logically organized flow of ideas, this means knowledge and academic debates that exist
that various parts are connected to form a within, and often external to a specific
unified whole. discipline.
- Introduction serves as the foundation of
every writing . FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
TONE COMPLEX
- The overall tone refers to the attitude
conveyed in a piece of writing. Written language is relatively more complex
- The arguments of others are fairly than spoken language. Written language
presented and with an appropriate has longer words, it is lexically more dense
narrative tone. and it has a more varied vocabulary. It uses
- When presenting a position or argument more noun-based phrases than verb-based
that disagrees with one’s perspectives. phrases. Written texts are shorter and the
- You should not be biased, avoid personal language has more grammatical complexity,
feelings. including more subordinate clauses and
more passives.
LANGUAGE
- It is important to use unambiguous
language.
FORMAL ORGANIZE
Academic writing is relatively formal. In Academic writing is well organized. It flows
general this means that in an essay you easily from one section to the next in a
should avoid colloquial words and logical fashion.
expressions.
PLAN
PRECISE
Academic writing is well planned. It usually
In academic writing, facts and figures are takes place after research and evaluation,
given precisely. according to a specific purpose and plan.
Plan will serve as the compass in writing.
OBJECTIVE
PURPOSES IN READING ACADEMIC TEXTS
Has fewer words that refer to the writer or
the reader. This means that the main 1. To locate main idea
emphasis should be on the information that 2. To scan for information
you want to give and the arguments you 3. To identify gaps in existing studies
want to make, rather than you. 4. To connect new ideas to existing ones
5. To gain more pieces of information
EXPLICIT 6. To support a particular writing
assignment
It is the responsibility of the writer in 7. To deeply understand an existing idea
English to make it clear to the reader how
the various parts of the text are related. FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WRITING
These connections can be made explicit by ACADEMIC TEXT
the use of different signalling words.
1. State critical questions and issues;
ACCURATE 2. Provide facts and evidence from credible
sources;
Academic writing uses vocabulary 3. Use precise and accurate words while
accurately. Most subjects have words with avoiding jargons;
narrow specific meanings. 4. Take an objective point of view;
5. List references; and,
6. Use cautious language.
HEDGING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIAL
LANGUAGE AND ACADEMIC
In any kind of academic writing you do, it is LANGUAGE
necessary to make decisions about your
SOCIAL LANGUAGE - the simple,
stance on a particular subject, or the
informal language we use when talking face
strength of the claims you are making. to face with family members and friends. -
It allows us to use contemporary or slang
RESPONSIBLE terms like “cool,” “awesome,” or “dude.”
In academic writing you must be ACADEMIC LANGUAGE - to describe
responsible for, and must be able to and comprehend complex ideas, process
provide evidence and justification for, any higher-order thinking, and understand
claims you make. abstract concepts- It is the vocabulary
students or adults must learn to succeed in
the classroom or in the workplace.
- where the essay’s (or articles) argument,
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC ideas and results are developed and
LANGUAGE discussed
FORMAL CONCLUSION
- A brief restatement of the main
It should not sound conversational or arguments and facts that have been treated
casual. Colloquial, idiomatic, slang or in the essay
journalistic expressions should particularly
be avoided. PURPOSES
- to inform
OBJECTIVE - to argue a specific point
- to persuade
This means it is unbiased. It should be
based on facts and evidence and are not PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION
influenced by personal feelings.
They help the author to outline/organize
IMPERSONAL his or her ideas, they help you to
understand the material being presented.
This involves avoiding the personal
pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’. For example, instead NARRATIVE
of writing ‘I will show you’, is also to be - Narrates an event/story with character,
avoided. settings, point of view and plot
- we use elements of short story to
LESSON 2 understand what we are reading
ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES - consists of the following elements of
narrative structure: exposition, rising
It is formal, includes information from action, climax, falling action/denouement
credible sources which are properly
cited DEFINITION/DESCRIPTION
It includes a list of references Describes the topic by listing
Common parts - introduction, body, characteristics, features, attributes, and
conclusion examples.
Patterns of organization - narrative,
description, chronological order, CHRONOLOGICAL, PROCESS, OR
sequence, comparison and contrast, SEQUENCE
cause and effect, problem solution Present ideas or events in the order in
Other - argument, which they happen. Chronological pattern
counter-claim/refutation ,transition organizes information according to the
words or phrases sequence of time. This structure is
organized from one point in time to
another.
Three-part Essay Structure
- introduction, body and conclusion CAUSE AND EFFECT
Provide explanation or reason for a
INTRODUCTION phenomena.
- the foundation of the paper
- provides the main idea/thesis statement COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
(main argument) Discuss two ideas, events, or phenomena,
showing how they are different and how
BODY they are similar.
3. SAAC Method - includes the title and
PROBLEM-SOLUTION author’s Name
Identify problems and pose solutions
State - Name of the article, book, movie
Note: The key difference between cause- Assign - Name of the authorAction - What
effect and problem-solution is that the the author is doing
latter always present a solution while the Complete - Complete the sentence or
former does not summary
4. 5W’s, 1H
LESSON 3 5. 5. First, Then, Finally - Summarize events
SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUE or steps in chronological order or in
sequence
One way to summarize the text is to use
previewing or pre-reading techniques LESSON 4
whichcan help you comprehend the THESIS STATEMENT
contents even before close reading. Here
are techniqueswhich you can use to A thesis statement is the claim or
summarize a text: stand that you will develop in your paper. It
- Once you read a text, you can now is the controlling idea of your paper.
identify and include the title and author. It provides direction or purpose to he
Include the author’s thesis statement in text. Remember that, thesis statements
the first two sentences. require proof or evidences to make your
- Write one or two sentences per main stand more convincing and effective.
concept or idea in a text. If it is needed,
divide the text into parts or by main ideas KEY ELEMENTS FOR A STRONG THESIS
before summarizing thewhole. STATEMENT
- Remember to omit the details which are 1. It is not a fact
not important; there is no need to go 2. It is not a question
intothe minor and supporting details of the 3. It is not a announcement
text. 4. It is not to broad
- Avoid writing additional opinions about 5. It is a complete sentence
the text. Avoid plagiarism of the author’s 6. It requires support
work. Include quotations if you are 7. It takes a stand
directlyquoting the writer. 8. It is arguable
TECHNIQUES
1. Outlining - a map of your essay. Source:https://www.slideshare.net/
Example: Main Idea MarichellAbande/
A. Supporting Details eappweek4thesisstatementspptx
B. Supporting Details
LESSON 5
OUTLINING TECHNIQUE
2. Somebody Wanted But So Then
- map of where and how to go with the
Somebody - Who is the text about? essay
Wanted - main character wants - plan for writing a summary, project or
But - What was the problem speech
encountered - guide to present the main points of a
So - How was the problem solved given topic either in sentences or phrases
Then - How did it end - list of information arranges in
hierarchically to know the relationship of
ideas
- serves as the backbone of the paper
- helps the reader to understand the idea
more
Common parts of an outline Full Sentence Outline
- introduction, body and conclusion I. Man-made pollution is the primary cause
of global warming.
HOW TO CREATE AN OUTLINE A. Greenhouse gas emissions are
- start with a thesis statement widely identified by the scientific
- two outline format community to be harmful.
- alphanumeric outline 1. The burning of coal and fossil
- decimal outline fuels are the primary releasers of
hazardous greenhouse gases.
SAMPLE
Full sentence outlines are often
Alphanumeric Outline accompanied with an APA reference list on
THE COLLEGE APPLICATION PROCESS a separate page. Quotes within the outline
must also utilize APA in-text citations.
I. CHOOSE DESIRED COLLEGES
A. Visit and evaluate college Decimal Outline
campuses 1.0 Choose Desired College
B. Visit and evaluate college websites 1.1 Visit and evaluate college
1. Look for interesting classes campuses
2. Note important statistics 1.2 Visit and evaluate college
websites
II. PREPARE APPLICATION 1.2.1 Look for interesting
A. Write personal statement classes
1. Choose interesting topic 1.2.2 Note important statistics
a. Describe an influential person
in your life PRINCIPLES OF OUTLINING
(1) Favorite high school - COORDINATION
teacher Requires ideas of the same relevance to
(2) Grandparent b. be labeled in the same way.
Describe a challenging - SUBORDINATION
life event Shows the minor details have to be
2. Include important personal placed under their perspective major
details details.
a. Volunteer work - DIVISION
b. Participation in varsity Requires that no cluster should contain
sports only the idea.
B. Revise personal statement - PARALLELISM
Requires all entries in each of the cluster
III. COMPILE RÉSUMÉ to use the same structure and format.
A. List relevant coursework
B. List work experience KINDS OF OUTLINE ACCORDING TO
C. List volunteer experience STRUCTURE
1. Tutor at foreign language summer
camp TOPIC OUTLINE - words or phrases (main
2. Counselor for suicide topics summarize)
prevention hotline
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/res SENTENCE OUTLINE - complete sentence of
ource/544/01/ topic and subtopic (more informative)
I. Introduction and background
What is the purpose of outlining? II. Brief Summary
- to organize thoughts and ideas III. Critical Evaluation
LESSON 6 OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING
ANALYZING LITERATURE THROUGH I. Introduction and Background
CRITICAL LENS: A GUIDE TO CRAFTING 1. Title
Author
- Critical lens is a tool for analyzing When it was written
literature that involves examining a text 2. Give a background
from a particular perspective of point of Of what era
view. Characters
- Can be based on variety of factors such as Importance of why it was written
race, gender, class, or culture.
- By using critical lens we can gain deeper II. Brief Summary
insights into a text and developed more -include the major points
advanced understanding of its themes and - read the material many times
messages. - give comprehensive assesment using
- When choosing it is important to consider invisible questions
the text and you must know what it is all
about. INVISIBLE QUESTIONS
- purpose of the materiala
CLOSE READING - did it achieve its purpose
- read the text carefully and critically - strength and weaknesses of the
- paying close attention to the details of the paper/topic
text structures, language and symbolism. - is its material appropriate to intended
audience
IDENTIFYING THEMES - objective/subjective
- important part - what literary theory does the
- themes are underlined ideas that the text piece/material depict?
convey - based on the the criteria, what rating will
you give?
USING EVIDENCE
- to support your analysis includes SEVEN LITERARY STANDARDS BY WILLIAM
paraphrases and references J. LONG
- by using evidence you can make a
stronger argument and demonstrate your 1. Intellectual Value
understanding of the text. 2. Suggestiveness
3. Universality
AVOIDING EVIDENCES 4. Style
- aware on your own biases and how it may 5. Artistry
influence the text 6. Spiritual Value
- by these you can develop more objective 7. Permanence
and nuanced critique.
OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING:
CRAFTING YOUR CRITIQUE II.Brief Summary
- involves synthesizing the analysis 4. will you recommend the piece?
5. Support what you write
HOW TO CRAFT A CRITIQUE PAPER?
TIPS AND STANDARDS III.Conclusion
1. Critical evaluation
Outline
*consider the writing mechanics, grammar,
margins, punctuations, capitilization
*have a final review
- pre-writing
- writing
- post writing
DIFFERENT CRITICAL APPROACHES TO
WRITING A REVIEW/REACTION
PAPER/CRITIQUE
1. Formalism
- emphasizes the form of a literary work to
determine its meaning, focusing on literary
elements and how they work to create
meaning.
2. Biographical Criticism
- emphasizes the importance of the
author’s life and background into account
when analyzing a text.
3. Historical Criticism
- posits that every literary work is the
product of its time and itsworld.
4. Marxist Criticism
- emphasizes on how power, politics, and
money play a role in literary texts and
amongst literary societies and characters.
5. Feminism
- emphasizes on the roles, positions, and
influences of women within literary texts.
6. Reader-response criticism
- emphasizes that the meaning of a text is
dependent upon the reader’s response to
it.
