ORAL COM NOTES DURATION OF INTERACTION

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY - This refers to the amount of time

a conversation takes between
1. NOMINATION
and among communicators
- A speaker carries out nomination
to collaboratively and RELATIONSHIP OF SPEAKER
productively establish a topic
- Refers to the bond between the
speaker and receiver which may
2. RESTRICTION
depend on how the discussions
- In communication refers to any
relate to receiver’s interest and
limitation you may have as a
knowledge
speaker
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES OF A
3. TURN TAKING SPEAKER
- It pertains to the process by
which people decide who takes - This refers to the role and
the conversational floor responsibility of the speaker
which will depend on the
4. TOPIC CONTROL purpose and context of
- Covers how procedural formality communication
and informality affects the MESSAGE
development of topic in
conversation - The content of the message
TYPES OF MESSAGE
5. TOPIC SHIFTING 1. Facts
- Involves moving from one topic 2. Opinion
to another 3. Feelings
4. Order
6. REPAIR 5. Suggestion
- Refers to how speakers address 6. Questions
the problems in speaking,
DELIVERY
listening and comprehending that
they encounter in a conversation - This refers to the manner of
delivery involving verbal and
7. TERMINATION non-verbal cues made by the
- Refers to the conversation speaker
participants close initiating - Delivery can be classified as:
expressions that end a topic in a 1. EXTEMPORANOUS –
conversation speaking with limited
preparation and guided by
FACTORS AFFECTED BY A SHIFT
roles and outlines. A well
CONTEXT, SPEECH STYLE, SPEECH
prepared speech that relies
ACT AND COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY
on research, clear
LANGUAGE FORM organization and practiced
delivery
- This refer to use and the choice 2. IMPROMPTU – speaking
of words and how sentence or without advanced
utterances and structure preparation and unrehearsed
- There are two types of Language speech
Form, FORMAL and INFORMAL 3. MEMORIZED – is when a
LANGUAGE speaker commits an entire
FORMAL LANGUAGE speech to memory
4. MANUSCRIPT – speaking
- Used when talking with the word for word
professionals or persons in
authority. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

INFORMAL LANGUAGE - Is the capacity to utilize language

in a grammatically correct way in
- Used without much consideration different and appropriate social
to rules of convention or settings
etiquette - Refers to how effectively one can
communicate with someone else
 - In order to achieve - Used in conversation between
communicative competence, we people who are very close and
must consider the following: know each other well
speech context, speech style,
speech act, communicative 2. CASUAL STYLE
strategies - One that employs informal
language
SPEECH CONTEXT
- This type of communication
- Context when referring to speech takes place between parents and
communication is the their children and a group of
surroundings, circumstances, friends
environment, background or
setting that determine, specify or 3. CONSULTATIVE STYLE
clarify the meaning of an event - Giving advice, as in a guidance
- Speech context may be counsellor and a client in need,
intrapersonal, interpersonal and is a consultative type of
public communication

INTRAPERSONAL 4. FORMAL STYLE

- Refers to a type of - Is a one-way straightforward
communication that is focused speech style
on one person
- The speaker acts both as the 5. FROZEN STYLE
sender and as the receiver of the - Most formal communication style
message in which the audience is not
- The message is made up of allowed to ask questions of the
thoughts and feelings while the speaker
medium is the brain that process - Referred to as oratorical style
what you think and feel - Known as fixed speech
- Most commonly used in formal
INTERPERSONAL ceremonies and respectful
settings
- Type of communication that
takes place between and among SPEECH ACT
people and creates a personal
relationship between and among - Refers to the utterance, intention
them and response to a specific
- DYAD = Two (2) people situation for an intended
- SMALL GROUP = Three to 12 discourse impact
(not over) - A speech act refers not only to a
word or group of words spoken
PUBLIC by a person but also to the action
that is elicited from the audience
- This type refers to a
due to the words spoken
communication that enables you
to send or deliver a message LOCUTIONARY ACT = UTTERANCE
before o crowd
- Public communication addresses ILOCUTIONARY ACT = INTENTION
a large number of people PERLOCUTIONARY ACT = RESPONSE
SPEECH STYLE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH
- A factor influencing WRITING
communicative competence AUDIENCE PROFILE
- A person has the freedom to
choose his or her own language - Knowing your audience
and style specifically their general age,
gender, educational level,
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE religion, language, culture and
1. INTIMATE STYLE group membership is one of the
- Use minimum words most important aspects in
- Used for self-addressed developing your speech
questions or self - talk
 - This is done to tailor – fit your - Ends with an impact
speech content and delivery to
TRANSITIONAL WORDS
your audience
- Used to connect phrases, words
- Analysing your audience your or sentences
audience will help you discover - Used for smooth construction of
the information you can use to a speech
build a connection between you
and members of your audience STEPS ON HOW TO WRITE A
CONCLUSION

LOCAL ORGANIZATION - Present a summary

- Repeat the key ideas presented
- The local organization or - Repeat central idea for emphasis
arrangement of thoughts when it - Go back to the strategy used in
comes to speech writing can be introduction
defined as all aspects of your - Signal the end of your speech
writing that help the reader move - End with an impact
smoothly from one sentence to - Humour
the next, and from one
paragraph to another. Thus DURATION
carefully planning the content of - The ideal length of a speech is
your speech is also necessary 20 minutes
WORD CHOICE
PARTS OF WRITTEN SPEECH - Speakers should carefully use
1. THE INTRODUCTION the correct word on writing the
- The most crucial part of the speech as it helps to put the
speech audience to feel at ease and
- Generally only 10 – 15 percent of create bond
the time the speaker spends
speaking THINGS TO AVOID:
a. Jargons or technical terms
ACCORDING TO WRENCH (2012) A specific only for a group of
GOOD INTRODUCTION SERVES FIVE people
FUNCTIONS: b. Redundancy or excessive
repetition of word
- Gain audience attention and
c. Language inappropriate for
interest
the audience
- States the purpose of your
d. Language inappropriate for
speech
the occasion
- Establishes credibility
- Provides reason for your GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS
audience to listen
- Provides the main idea of your - Prevent misunderstanding
speech - Grammar inconsistencies slows
down communication process
2. THE BODY - Can generate negative
- Core part of the speech impression for audience
- Addresses main points and TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE SPEECH
principles DELIVERY
METHODS OF ORGANIZATIONS ARTICULATION
- Problem-Solution Order - The instance on how well and
- Categorical/Topical Order precisely you form vowels and
- Chronological Order consonants using your lips,
- Comparison and Contrast Order tongue, jaw, and palate to form
- Spatial/ Geographical Order the sounds.
- Causal Order - Refers to how clearly the words
are spoken by properly
3. THE CONCLUSION producing sounds through the
- Functions as a summarizer of articulators or speech organs
the entire speech
- Repeats the main ideas
 - To articulate is to produce skimming or pacing, which are
sounds clearly the two developments that
comfort you as a speaker by
MODULATION
using anxious vitality however
- Control or adjust the tone or just serve to divert the crowd.
volume of your voice.
RAPPORT
- To ensure that the listener
understands the message, the - It happens when you have
pitch or tone of the voice should everything in concordance or
be modulated. harmony.
- Modulation has various - It is an intimate, harmonious
meanings, such as a change of connection where the people
key in music or of the sound of a involved can communicate well
person's voice and comprehend each other's
thoughts and feelings.
STAGE PRESENCE
- The ability of the speaker to get
and secure the audience's
interest in listening to his/her
presentation.
- Every time the speaker face his
audience, he/she is encouraged
to keep his posie, postire,
gestures, and movements since
they make or break the
presentation
FACIAL EXPRESSION
- It is essential in setting the
emotional tone for a speech.
- To achieve the positive tone of
the speaker before he begins, he
simply must glance at the
audience and smile.
- Facial Expressions communicate
various types of emotion which
reflect the speaker's moods and
personality traits.
GESTURE
- Arm and hand movements
constitute gesture.
- Through gestures, we can
become fluent in non-verbal
communication.
- By this point in your life, you
have a whole vocabulary of hand
movements and gestures that
spontaneously come out while
you're speaking
MOVEMENT
- Movement of the whole body,
instead of just gesturing with
hands, is appropriate in a speech
- This permits you to focus on
overseeing nervousness and
spotlight on progressively
significant parts of conveyance
- When you are given the
opportunity to move around, it
regularly winds up getting