Senior High School

Personal
Development
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Knowing Oneself
Personal Development – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Knowing Oneself
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Hernani D. Patches Jr.
Editors: Amalia c. Solis, EPS
Reviewers: Hernani D. Patches Jr. (Content)
Marieta A. Dar (Language)
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director Name of Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief Name of CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, EPS In Charge of LRMS

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 What I Know

Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct; otherwise,

write FALSE.

1. _________ Our self-knowledge cannot be influenced by our past.

2. _________ In determining our ideal self in the society, we must see our
behavior on an everyday basis.

3. _________ Being private is irrelevant if we wish to continue in developing

our actual self.

4. _________ Through studies conducted in history, our parents have no

important role in child-rearing practices.

5. _________ In bio-psychology and cultural psychology, the crossing path of

hereditary and environment are irrelevant and shaping the self-
concept.

6. _________ Allowing ourselves to be molded by our surroundings and be

influenced by others is a decisional aspect in reshaping our
ideal self.

7. _________ We cannot change our behavior, hence our destiny when it

comes to familial or hereditary inclination.

8. _________ In determining our self-concept, three categories of the self

must be considered.

9. _________ In the early stages of development among children, oftentimes,

they are independent. Hence, they do not let their behavior be
influenced; neither do they need approval from their parents.

10. ________ The self has no privacy, as often depicted in social media; we
allow ourselves to be seen as who we are and what we do.

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 Lesson
Self-Development:
1 Knowing Oneself
Many of our millennials jump to conclusions about themselves knowing
more what, know and believe they do about themselves and technology has
improved this definition through apps and media, especially how they used
these platforms in defining themselves (Social Media and Doubt; Jacobson,
2020) . Their social media profiles give a new meaning to who they are as a
person living in this digital age. However, this does not answer the most and
perhaps the fundamental question, “Do you know yourself?” Often, this
question delves into the fundamental entity of ourselves, the basic question
of understanding ourselves, not just through our expressions in social
platforms and the like but, deals in more “How much do we know about our
self?” in the process.

What’s In

Do you still remember your scores when you took your NCAE in junior
high school? Have you thought about what you will do after your Senior
High School or beyond your college years? A great way to refresh dreams
and reminisce about your future endeavors is to remember your “ideal self.”
Psychologists often call this "future self." Below is a simple drill to refresh
your “current self.”

ACTIVITY 1.1: My Self Through the Years

Instruction: Paste a picture of you when you were in elementary, in
high school, and now that you are in senior high school. Below the picture,
list down your salient characteristics that you remember.

My Elementary Self My High School Self My Senior High School

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ANALYSIS
After having examined your “self” in its different stages, fill out the table below:
Similarities in all stages of Differences in my “self” Possible reasons for the
my “self” across the three stages of differences in me
my life

Follow up Questions:
1. How do you compare yourself now from before? How do you fair to your improvements?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think you can achieve more “now”, than that you were small? Cite some
examples.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. There are many instances where in you can choose who you can be as of now. Why this
current “self”? Explain.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

Students can visit the website www.habitsforwellbeing.com for
understanding the importance of “Knowing yourself”, through
habits that can improve sense around and the self. It is a great
site for looking answers in the philosophical and psychological
understanding the self, especially in these trying times.
Note: For learners who are using online platform
The learning module emphasizes the 5-C skills being
developed by the learners through the activities, namely
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical thinking
and Character.

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 What’s New

Johari’s Window
One great way of assessing the self and know how much the individual
knows the self is by asking the people around them. Though this may be
awkward, particularly when asking someone straightforwardly. Know that
even your friends can be a great source of information, whether it be positive
or negative about the self. To avoid being awkward and extract the best
possible self-assessment without compromising the individual, psychologists
Joseph Luft (1916-2014) and Harrington Ingham (1916-1995) devised a
technique to help people better understand themselves as well as their
relationship with others. As used frequently in groups (group dynamics),
this activity helps understand people to develop teamwork. Below are some
post-activities to challenge yourself on how much you know about your
“self.”

ACTIVITY 1.2: Johari’s Window

Instruction:
1. Below is the table devised by Joseph and Harrington in assessing
the self. Write your name (optional) on the first box indicated.
2. On the first box (no.1) write everything that you know about
yourself; and everything that people around you/others often
think or feel everything about you.
3. On the second box (no. 2) Write everything about yourself that is
only known to you and to you alone.
4. On the third box (no. 3) You may need the help of others to fill out
this space for you. At the beginning of this activity, your name is
optional if you want to write it or not. This box explains
people/others know something about you, but you yourself need to
check or to re-affirm.
5. On the last box (no. 4), you may leave it blank.

Johari’s Window
Name: Known to Self Not Known to Self
1. (Arena) 3. (Blind Spot)
Known to others

2. (Façade) 4. (Unknown)
Not known to
Others

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johari window

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 What is It

The Self, in contemporary literature and even common sense, is commonly defined by
the following characteristics: “separate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and
private” (Stevens, 1996). When we talk about the self, being “separate,” it means it is distinct,
different and unique from others. It has its own uniqueness that defines him/her from others.
It has an identity of its own, even twins, may it be fraternal, is very much distinct from the
other. When we are talking about “self-contained,” we describe its existence as having its
own independence. It may exist with or without others; it is self-containing of its own
thoughts, characteristics and volition. For example, we make our profile pictures in social
media, carefully choosing a picture that expresses more of our thoughts, that tells us of what
we are, that tells us what we are in real life. Although, in these given times, it is easy to create
another “self” or deceive someone using a make-up “self”.
Nevertheless, although it is relatively easy to make another “self” in this age of social
media and advance technology, the “self” is very much consistent and persisting. Every
“self” has its own personality that is enduring, that lasts during late adolescence. Its
uniqueness and its consistency allow it to be studied, described and even measured (also
means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies and potentialities) are very
evident and distinguishable from other “selves.” The Self is unitary in that it is the center of
all experiences and thoughts that run a particular person. It is the topmost executive in an
individual where all processes, emotions, and thoughts converged. Lastly, the self is private.
A person may sort out information, feelings and emotions, and thought processes within the
self. The whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self. This suggests that the self
is isolated from the external world. It lives within its own world.

Having in its own world means, you can create or nurture what you can be (ideal self)
or maintain/improve your current self (actual self). The ideal self pertains to the image or
aspirations of what you want to become. This may be
similar in hoping characteristics that you do
not possess as of the moment, but may one day be part of
who you are, just like what Filipinos tend to watch in
various talent shows. This may be the ability to have a
beautiful voice; or have different achievements like
the characteristics of your idols or other international
figures (Michael Jordan, Sarah https://dlpng.com/png/3990456
Geronimo etc.) While the
actual self as the term implies “actual”, is your present self
that you see on the daily basis. It is the self that is constantly keeping in touch in your
everyday experiences. It has the potential to improve or develop as deemed by every
individual. This may also pertain to the gifts that you possess that is innate in you when you
were born.

Combining these two categories of the self, it established the

distinction of the Self-Concept. This is a collection of beliefs about
one’s basic nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior. Although
we may have so many dimensions in which we describe ourselves
such as “I’m grateful” or “I’m friendly”, we have separate concepts of
our physical, social, emotional and intellectual selves; yet we are still

12
referring to one single entity that is unique and very distinct from others (Don Hamachek,
1992). Our various self-concepts are characterized by relatively distinct thoughts and
feelings. That is, we may have considerable information about our social skills and feel quite
confident with regard to them but have limited information about our physical skills and feel
less confident about this aspect of our self. When a particular self-concept is operating, its
attendant thoughts and feelings will strongly influence the way we process self-relevant
information (Fiske & Taylor, 1991).

There are several factors that shape self-concept. Among them are your own observations,
feedback from others and cultural values.

Your Own Observations

In the process of self-introspection, that may help you re-
evaluate your motivations and, in real-time, observing what you
do at this moment is one of the significant information about your
interest or dislike. During early childhood, we start observing our
behavior and drawing conclusions about ourselves. We are aware
of what we do; we dislike; can and cannot do. Although, when we https://www.freepik.com/premium-
are still children, our observations are not entirely correct or vector/student-study-classroom-three-
character-boys-girl-many-classmates-
sometimes subject to change and entirely up to us, to retain or to silhouette-as-background-
illustration_5782888.htm
improve. We even compare our observed selves from others. In
social comparison theory, people need to compare themselves with others in order to gain
insight into their own behavior (Festinger, 1954; Goethals & Darley, 1977; Wood, 1989).
The potential impact of such social comparison was dramatically demonstrated in an
interesting study (Morse & Gergen, 1970).

Feedback from Others

Positive and negative criticisms also create an impact on self-concept. People talk about us or
how they discriminate us give an important aspect in shaping the self-concept. The amount of
criticism, feedback we sometimes freely give, helps shape the current self-concept of what
we choose to be or not. As we grow old, the number of significant and non-significant people
in our lives also grows. Everyone contributes in reshaping
the self-concept. Even our ability to accomplish something
or destroy our selves comes from painful remarks or
constructive criticism of others. In child-rearing,
especially the parents, has a unique and essential role in
reinforcing and shaping the self-concept. As children, we
receive direct feedback from them. Their constant
approval and disapproval set guidelines for what should be
or not, shaping and inputting the values and characteristics
of the children and, later, becoming what they are when
they grow. The saying “Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga”, is a testament output family
values instilled in childhood rearing practices. Aside from children comparing their actions
from others, they also compare themselves to their parents. That is why sometimes, even
when our parents are gone, we still have their characteristics and values; we unconsciously
accept this as our self-concept, along with their approvals and disapprovals. Most of us,
especially when we are young, take this sort of feedback to heart. Thus, it is no surprise that
studies find an association between parents’ views of a child and the child’s self-concept
(Wylie, 1979). There is even more substantial evidence for a relationship between children’s
perception of their parents’ attitudes toward them and their self-perception (Wylie, 1979).

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Cultural Values/ Cultural Guidelines
Self-concept is also indirectly influenced by cultural values. In the study of Cultural
Psychology, in this age of technology and social media, we accept our differences, especially
on how we accept the culture and beliefs of others. Japanese society does not tolerate
corruption; the Philippines has always been influenced or has always had that familial
clinging of thinking and protectiveness. The Chinese have always thought to have a strong
business minded stand in their points of view. The society in which we are raised defines
what is “good” and “bad” in personality and behavior. American culture tends to put a
premium on individuality, competitive success, strength and skills. These cultural values
influence how we interpret our behavior. In the Philippines, our cultural values were shaped
by historical colonization, which is evident in our present society, particularly our strong
family ties. Another is cultural hospitality that is deemed acceptable as our nature. Even the
dismal corruption that has been the perennial problem of the country also shaped the
tolerance of Filipinos as a way of answering societal problems..

Having Self-knowledge stems from the actual – self. It derives from our social
interactions of society that provide insight into how others react to us. It is the same as
gaining feedback from others. The reaction of other people is an essential aspect of gaining
actual-self or our self-image. Even our social roles are adjusted, on how we view ourselves
today, and how ideally (ideal self) what we would like to be in the future. There is a
negotiation that exists between the two selves, which is complicated by numerous exchanges
between the ideal self and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in these social roles,
and they are adjusted continuously and re-adjusted.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.3: A “ME” Tree

Source: Howe & Howe. 1975 Personalizing Education Values Clarification and Beyond. (p. 97-98)

Instruction:
1. On the picture provided, write/ draw symbols/ or paste pictures of all of your
strengths and talents/abilities- one strength or talent per root.

2. On the branches/ write/ draw symbols or paste pictures of all your

accomplishments and successes- one per branch.

3. Some roots and branches should be left empty so that new elements can be
added as they happen in the future.

4. Lastly, write your name on the trunk of the “Me Tree”.

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Activity 1.4: Enrichment
Instruction: Answer the following in a separate sheet of paper.
1. How are you going to use the “Me” tree in this time of Covid-19
Pandemic?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are your self-realizations?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3.How does your self-realization affect your family? You may ask them in
answering this?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.5: My Reflection through my Experiences

Instruction: Share your experience (s) on the following statement. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper
1. People need to compare themselves with others in order to gain
insights of their own behavior.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. “Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga.”
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Corruption is also shaped by our tolerance or our approach to
answering societal problems.”
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

1. The Self has several distinctive characteristics that separate from other
“selves.”
2. The Self has its own experiences and emotions, which is very different and
unique in any other way.
3. Self-Concept is a combination of both our actual-self (present) and ideal-self
(future self).
4. Self-Concept can also be our comparison to others, even our people who
have a direct and indirect influence.
5. Our observation of ourselves and others, the feedback from others, our
historical or cultural perspective also play a role in shaping our self-concept.
6. Having self-knowledge in our aspects and historical beginnings also provide
essential information shaping our actual self, which is very much closer or
far from our ideal self.
7. In the process of merging our actual self and ideal self, our social roles
provide us the adjustment in the changing and conflicting development of
our society.
8. The actual and ideal self can’t be confused in defining the “self”. It must be
collated and defined according to its aspects and its development and even
lapses, of the self is very unique in every individual in which they have
unique definition and expression.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 1.6: Do You Truly Know Yourself?

Instruction: How much do you know of yourself? How does your “self” fair
from others in responding in our changing times, especially in adjusting to
our “new normal”? The exercise below is a simple activity in affirming what
our “self” in relation to our reaction and feedback in our environment.

Questions Answers

1. How would you characterize

yourself?

2. What makes you stand out from

the rest? What makes yourself
special?

3. How has yourself transformed

itself?

4. How is your self connected to

your body?

Source: Chaffee, John. 2015. The Philosopher’s Way; Thinking Critically

about Profound Ideas. 5th Ed. Boston: Pearson
Schlenker, Barry R. 1985. The Self and Social Life. New York:
McGraw-Hill

18
 Assessment

Instruction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Joseph Luft
B. Blind Spot
C. Known to others
D. Social Roles

2. During development in the early years, our constant approval to our

immediate relations is a crucial aspect in forming our actual and ideal
self. The previous statement is ____.
A. False, because we sometimes create our own destiny and
sometimes does not need approval from others.
B. Sometimes true, for every positive and negative criticism is a
development of our “true” self.
C. True, our family, especially our parents are the best observers of
our character and behavior.
D. Sometimes false, neither our immediate familial ties nor the
environment know what is best for our ideal self and eventually
our actual self.

3. Johari’s Window was formerly created for the purpose ___.

A. For the selection of the soldier in the field.
B. A technique use in teambuilding and group analysis
C. Used for personality disorders in company and hierarchy groups
D. A simple technique so to understand others reason for their
feedback and comments.

4. When we are talking about “Self-contained” we mean that ___.

A. Our own description of how we hide our true self to the people.
B. Having our own privacy, contained in our own house or space.
C. This pertains to the image or aspiration of what you want to
become.
D. It is the existence of the individual, having its own independent
character and behavior.

5. The “actual-self” is synonymous with what psychological word?

A. the future self
B. the authentic self
C. the present self
D. the false self

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6. The Self-Concept is the collection of ___.
A. hardships and sufferings that we experience inside of society
B. our compelling comparison of ourselves to the future and present
self.
C. our beliefs, unique qualities and typical behavior that manifest to
that unique individual
D. our feelings inside and constant re-assessment of these emotions
as we respond to our environment.

7. There are two categories of the self that makes up the Self-Concept.
These are ___.
A. the factual and false Self
B. the authentic and fake Self
C. the present and future Self
D. behavior and character

8. Having criticism in our lives is a necessity in shaping our self-concept.

Which of the following is contrary to this statement?
A. Allan tells those who criticize his work, to leave him, because they
are not the ones who actually had a hard time doing his work.
B. Rebecca, constantly tells his/her students to be open-minded and
open for new developments for people who show approval or
disapproval of their work.
C. Milo is usually upset when someone criticizes his TVE project, but
after soiling, he gets back to his work and show more determination
and enthusiasm for his homework.
D. Perola, always tell herself, that both constructive and disapproval
statements are key ingredients in becoming a better person.
9. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Feedback
B. Social Comparison Theory
C. Cultural Values
D. Self-Concept
10. Which of the following statement does not belong to the group?
A. Combining both self-introspection and comparison theory helps
to develop your ideal self.
B. Children’s perception about themselves, depends also strongly
about their parents’ attitude towards them.
C. According to the study done in the field of multicultural
psychology, cultural values has nothing to with our
development when we reach maturity. It entirely rests on how
we accept and not accept the social norms
D. Both positive and negative criticisms have impact on self-
concept.

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 Additional Activities

Portfolio Output 1: “My Diary”

Instruction: During these pandemic times, I have actively volunteered in
some non-profit organizations to help people, specifically in checking their
mental health by providing tele-counseling while they are experiencing
quarantine. As many of my clients encounter new “experiences." Most of
them do experience changes in their views, beliefs, including the stress that
piles up in their head. In our non-profit organization, we tend to provide our
digital consumers ways to cope with this “new normal” in our society. One of
which is keeping a simple diary. During the time of Sigmund Freud (1944),
keeping a Diary is one of the oldest methods for collecting data about the
individual's personality. In my field as a practicing psychologist, I sometimes
suggest that my students have a personal diary to record their behavior,
thinking, and experiences, no matter how absurd their experiences are. In
this way, I let my students be aware of their surroundings, their decisions
and themselves. As our lesson implies, knowing the “self” starts when we
exercise the awareness of our identity. In this portfolio, you are tasked to
have your own simple personal diary. Below is a format that you should
follow to start the daily writing/recording of your diary. Your front cover may
be a reflection of what you want to be. In doing so, you are free to create
your own front cover. You may use any available writing material for this.
This personal diary is to be sustained until the end of the subject course.
Also, this must be submitted on the last day of the semester as one of the
prerequisites in passing the subject.

Your own
Background
design

The Date (e.g.

Your Full Name January 1, 2020)

This space if for writing

your experiences

Your Own Border 21

Design