MATHEMATICS

Chapter 12: Areas Related to Circles

 AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
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Areas Related to Circles
1. A circle is a set of points in a plane that are at an equal distance from a fixed point. The
fixed point is called the centre of circle and equal distance is called the radius of the
circle.
2. A line segment joining the centre of the circle to a point on the circle is called its radius.
3. A line segment joining any two points of a circle is called a chord. A chord passing
through the centre
4. of circle is called its diameter.
5. The distance around the boundary of the circle is called the perimeter or the
circumference of the circle.
6. Circumference (perimeter) of a circle = 𝜋𝑑 or 2𝜋𝑟, where d is he diameter, r is the
22
radius of the circle and 𝜋 =
7
7. Perimeter of a semi circle or protractor = 𝜋𝑟 + 2𝑟
1 𝜋𝑟
8. Perimeter of a quadrant = Circumference + 2r = + 2r
4 2
9. Distance moved by a wheel in 1 revolution = Circumference of the wheel.
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
Number of revolutions in one minute =
𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
10. The region enclosed inside a circle is called its area.
11. Area of a circle = 𝜋𝑟 2
1
12. Area of a semi circle= 𝜋𝑟 2
2
1 1
13. Area of a quadrant = Area of circle= 𝜋𝑟 2
4 4
14. Circles having the same centre but different radii are called concentric circles.
Area enclosed by two concentric circles = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋(𝑅2 − 𝑟 2 ) = 𝜋(𝑅 + 𝑟)(𝑅 − 𝑟)
Where, R and r are radii of two concentric circles
15. The part of the circumference between the two end points of the chord is called an arc.
̂ is shown.
In the figure, arc 𝐴𝐵

16. A diameter of circle divides a circle into two equal arcs, each known as a semi-circle.
17. An arc of a circle whose length is less than that of a semicircle of the same circle is
called a minor arc.
18. An arc of a circle whose length is greater than that of a semicircle of the same circle is

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called a major arc.
𝜋𝑟 2
19. Length of an arc =
180°
20. The region bounded by an arc of a circle and two radii at its end points is called a sector.
If the central angle of a sector is more than180°, then the sector is called a major sector
and if the central angle is less than 180°, then the sector is called a minor sector.

𝜋𝑟Ѳ
21. Perimeter of sector of angle Ѳ = + 2𝑟
180°
𝜋𝑟 2 Ѳ
22. Area of a sector of angle =
360°
2
23. Area of major sector = 𝜋𝑟 – Area of minor sector
24. A chord divides the interior of a circle into two parts, each called a segment.

The segment which is smaller than the portion of semi-circle is called the minor
segment and the segment which is larger than the portion of semi-circle is called the
major segment. In the circle shown, the yellow portion is the minor segment while the
non-shaded portion is the major segment.
2πrѲ Ѳ
25. Perimeter of segment of angle Ѳ = + 2r sin
360° 2
26. Area of minor segment = Area of sector - Area of ∆ ABC

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27. Area of minor segment can also be written as:
Area of the segment ACB = Area of sector OABC – Area of ∆ OAB
Ѳ sinѲ cosѲ
Area of segment ACB = { × πr 2 } -{ + }
360° 2 2

28. Area of major segment = Area of the circle – Area of minor segment
29. Area of a Circle
Area of a circle is πr2, where π=22/7 or ≈3.14 (can be used interchangeably for problem-
solving purposes) and r is the radius of the circle.
π is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Circumference of a Circle
The perimeter of a circle is the distance covered by going around its boundary once. The
perimeter of a circle has a special name: Circumference, which is π times the diameter
which is given by the formula 2πr
Segment of a Circle
A circular segment is a region of a circle that is “cut off” from the rest of the circle by a
secant or a chord.
Sector of a Circle
A circle sector/ sector of a circle is defined as the region of a circle enclosed by an arc
and two radii. The smaller area is called the minor sector and the larger area is called
the major sector.
Angle of a Sector
The angle of a sector is the angle that is enclosed between the two radii of the sector.
Length of an arc of a sector
The length of the arc of a sector can be found by using the expression for the
circumference of a circle and the angle of the sector, using the following formula:
L= (θ/360°)×2πr
Length of an arc of a sector
The length of the arc of a sector can be found by using the expression for the

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circumference of a circle and the angle of the sector, using the following formula:
L= (θ/360°)×2πr
where ∠θ is the angle of this sector (minor sector in the following case) and r is its
radius

Area of a Triangle
The Area of a triangle is,
Area = (1/2) × base × height
If the triangle is an equilateral then
Area = (√3/4) × a2 where “a” is the side length of the triangle.
Area of a Segment of a Circle

Area of segment APB (highlighted in yellow)

= (Area of sector OAPB) – (Area of triangle AOB)
= [(∅/360°) × πr2] – [(1/2) × AB × OM]

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[To find the area of triangle AOB, use trigonometric ratios to find OM (height) and AB
(base)]
Also, the Area of segment APB can be calculated directly if the angle of the sector is
known using the following formula.
= [(θ/360°) × πr2] – [r2 × sin θ/2 × cosθ/2]
Where θ is the angle of the sector and r is the radius of the circle
All these formulas are tabulated as given below for quick revision.

Visualizations
Areas of different plane figures
Area of a square (side l) = l2
Area of a rectangle = l × b, where l and b are the length and breadth of the rectangle
Area of a parallelogram = b × h, where “b” is the base and “h” is the perpendicular
height.

Parallelogram
Area of a trapezium = [(a + b) × h]/2,

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where
a & b are the length of the parallel sides
h is the trapezium height
Area of a rhombus = pq/2, where p & q are the diagonals.
Area Of Shapes
In Geometry, a shape is defined as the figure closed by the boundary. The boundary is
created by the combination of lines, points and curves. Basically, there are two different
types of geometric shapes such as:
Two – Dimensional Shapes
Three – Dimensional Shapes
Each and every shape in the Geometry can be measured using different measures such
as area, volume, surface area, perimeter and so on. In this article, let us discuss the
area of shapes for 2D figures and 3D figures with formulas.
2D shapes
The two-dimensional shapes (2D shapes) are also known as flat shapes, are the shapes
having two dimensions only. It has length and breadth. It does not have thickness. The
two different measures used for measuring the flat shapes are area and the perimeter.
Two-dimensional shapes are the shapes that can be drawn on the piece of paper. Some
of the examples of 2D shapes are square, rectangle, circle, triangle and so on.
Area of 2D Shapes Formula
In general, the area of shapes can be defined as the amount of paint required to cover
the surface with a single coat. Following are the ways to calculate area based on the
number of sides that exist in the shape, as illustrated below in the fig.

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Let us write the formulas for all the different types of shapes in a tabular form.

Shape Area Terms

Circle π × r2 r = radius of the circle

b = base
Triangle ½×b×h
h = height

Square a2 a = length of side

l = length
Rectangle l×w
w = width

b=base
Parallelogram b×h
h=vertical height

a and b are the length of parallel sides

Trapezium ½(a+b) × h
h = height

a = ½ minor axis
Ellipse πab
b = ½ major axis

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Areas of Combination of Plane figures

For example: Find the area of the shaded part in the following figure: Given the ABCD is
a square of side 28 cm and has four equal circles enclosed within.

Area of the shaded region

Looking at the figure we can visualize that the required shaded area = A(square ABCD) −
4 × A(Circle).
Also, the diameter of each circle is 14 cm.
= (l2) −4 × (πr2)
= (282) − [4 × (π × 49)]
= 784 − [4 × 22/7 × 49]
= 784 − 616
= 168cm2

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Important Questions

Multiple Choice questions-

1. Perimeter of a sector of a circle whose central angle is 90° and radius 7 cm is

(a) 35 cm

(b) 25 cm

(c) 77 cm

(d) 7 cm

2. The area of a circle that can be inscribed in a square of side 10 cm is

(a) 40π cm²

(b) 30π cm²

(c) 100π cm²

(d) 25π cm²

3.The perimeter of a square circumscribing a circle of radius a units is

(a) 2 units

(b) 4α units

(c) 8α units

(d) 16α units

4. The perimeter of the sector with radius 10.5 cm and sector angle 60° is

(a) 32 cm

(b) 23 cm

(c) 41 cm

(d) 11 cm

5. In a circle of diameter 42 cm, if an arc subtends an angle of 60° at the centre, where
π = 227 then length of arc is:

(a) 11 cm

(b) 227 cm

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(c) 22 cm

(d) 44 cm

6. The perimeter of a sector of radius 5.2 cm is 16.4 cm, the area of the sector is

(a) 31.2 cm²

(b) 15 cm²

(c) 15.6 cm²

(d) 16.6 cm²

7. If the perimeter of a semicircular protractor is 72 cm where π = 227, then the

diameter of protractor is:

(a) 14 cm

(b) 33 cm

(c) 28 cm

(d) 42 cm

8. If the radius of a circle is doubled, its area becomes

(a) 2 times

(b) 4 times

(c) 8 times

(d) 16 times

9. If the sum of the circumferences of two circles with radii R1 and R2 is equal to
circumference of a circle of radius R, then

(a) R1 + R2 = R

(b) R1 + R2 > R

(c) R1 + R2 < R

(d) Can’t say.

10. The perimeter of a circular and square fields are equal. If the area of the square
field is 484 m² then the diameter of the circular field is

(a) 14 m

(b) 21 m

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(c) 28 m

(d) 7 m

Very Short Questions:

1. Find the area of a square inscribed in a circle of diameter p cm.

2. Find the area of the circle inscribed in a square of side a cm.

3. Find the area of a sector of a circle whose radius is and length of the arc is l.

4. Find the ratio of the areas of a circle and an equilateral triangle whose
diameter and a side are respectively equal.

5. A square inscribed in a circle of diameter d and another square is

circumscribing the circle. Show that the area of the outer square is twice
the area of the inner square.

6. If circumference and the area of a circle are numerically equal, find the
diameter of the circle.

7. The radius of a wheel is 0.25 m. Find the number of revolutions it will make

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to travel a distance of 11 km.

8. If the perimeter of a semi-circular protractor is 36 cm, find its diameter.

9. If the diameter of a semicircular protractor is 14 cm, then find its

perimeter.

10. If a square is inscribed in a circle, what is the ratio of the areas of the circle
and the square?

Short Questions :
1. What is the area of the largest triangle that is inscribed in a semi circle of radius
r unit?

2. What is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle of radius 10 cm by an arc

of length 5π cm?

3. What is the area of the largest circle that can be drawn inside a 4 rectangle of
length a cm and breadth b cm (a > b)?

4. Difference between the circumference and radius of a circle is 37 cm. Find the
area of circle.

5. The radii of two circles are 8 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find the radius of the
circle having area equal to the sum of the areas of the two circles.

6. If the perimeter of a semicircular protractor is 66 cm, find the diameter of the

22
protractor. (Take π = ).
7

7. The circumference of a circle exceeds the diameter by 16.8 cm. Find the radius
of the circle.

8. A race track is in the form of a ring whose inner circumference is 352 m, and the
outer circumference is 396 m. Find the width of the track.

9. The inner circumference of a circular track [Fig. 12.10] is 220 m. The track is 7 m
wide everywhere. Calculate the cost of putting up a fence along the outer circle
at the rate of ₹2 per metre.

10. The wheels of a car are of diameter 80 cm each. How many complete

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revolutions does each wheel make in 10 minutes when the car is travelling at a
speed of 66 km per hour?

Long Questions :
1. In Figure, arcs are drawn by taking vertices A, B and C of an equilateral triangle
ABC of side 14 cm as centres to intersect the sides BC, CA and AB at BZ their
respective mid-points D, E and F. Find the area of the shaded region. [Use π =
22
and √3 = 1.73]
7

2. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, where arcs drawn with centres A,
B, C and D intersect in pairs at mid-points P, Q, R and S of the sides AB, BC, CD
and DA respectively of a square ABCD, where the length of each side of square
22
is 14 cm. [Use π = ]
7

3. In Figure, three circles each of radius 3.5 cm are drawn in such a way that each
of them touches the other two. Find the area enclosed between these three
22
circles (shaded region). [Use π = ]
7

4. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, where ABCD is a square of side 28
cm.

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5. In Figure, an equilateral triangle has been inscribed in a circle of radius 6 cm.

Find the area of the shaded region. [Use π = 3.14]

Assertion Reason Questions-

1. Principle of a school decided to give badges to students who are chosen for the post of
Head boy, Head girl, Prefect, and Vice Prefect. Badges are circular in shape with two color
area, red and silver, as shown in figure. The diameter of the region representing red color is
22cm and silver color is filled in l0.5 cm wide ring. Based on the above information, answer
the following questions.

i. The radius of circle representing the red region is:

a. 9cm
b. 10cm
c. 11cm
d. 12cm

ii. Find the area of the red region.

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a. 380.28cm2
b. 382.28cm2
c. 384.28cm2
d. 378.28cm2

iii. Find the radius of the circle formed by combining the red and silver region.

a. 20.5cm
b. 21.5cm
c. 22.5cm
d. 23.5cm

iv. Find the area of the silver region.

a. 172.50cm2
b. 1062.50cm2
c. 1172.50cm2
d. 1072.50cm2

v. Area of the circular path formed by two concentric circles of radii r1 and r2 (r1 > r2) =

2. While doing dusting, a maid found a button whose upper face is of black color, as shown in
the figure. The diameter of each of the smaller identical circles is 1414 of the diameter of
the larger circle, whose radius is 16cm. Based on the above information, answer the
following questions.

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i. The area of each of the smaller circle is:

a. 40.28cm2
b. 46.39cm2
c. 50.28cm2
d. 52.3cm2

ii. The area of the larger circle is:

a. 804.57cm2
b. 704.57cm2
c. 855.57cm2
d. 990.57cm2

iii. The area of the black color region is:

a. 600.45cm2
b. 603.45cm2
c. 610.45cm2
d. 623.45cm2

iv. The area of a quadrant of a smaller circle is:

a. 11.57cm2
b. 13.68cm2
c. 12cm2
d. 12.57cm2

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v. If two concentric circles are of radii 2cm and 5cm, then the area between them is:

a. 60cm2
b. 63cm2
c. 66cm2
d. 68cm2

Case Study Answers:

1. Directions: Each of these questions contains two statements: Assertion [A] and
Reason [R]. Each of these questions also has four alternative choices, any one of
which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the codes [a], [b], [c] and
[d] given below.

a. A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation for A.

b. A is true, R is true; R is not a correct explanation for A.

c. A is true; R is false.

d. A is false; R is true.

Assertion: If the circumference of a circle is 176 cm, then its radius is 28 cm.

Reason: Circumference = 2π × radius

2. Directions: Each of these questions contains two statements: Assertion [A] and
Reason [R]. Each of these questions also has four alternative choices, any one of
which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the codes [a], [b], [c] and
[d] given below.

a. A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation for A.

b. A is true, R is true; R is not a correct explanation for A.

c. A is true; R is false.

d. A is false; R is true.

Assertion: If a wire of length 22 cm is bent is the shape of a circle, then area of the
circle so formed is 40 cm.

Reason: Circumference of the circle = length of the wire.

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Answer Key-
Multiple Choice questions-
1. (b) 25 cm

2. (d) 25π cm²

3. (c) 8α units

4. (a) 32 cm

5. (c) 22 cm

6. (c) 15.6 cm²

7. (c) 28 cm

8. (b) 4 times

9. (a) R1 + R2 = R

10. (c) 28 m

Very Short Answer :

1. Diagonal of the square = p cm

∴ p2 = side2 + side2

⇒ p2 = 2side2
𝑝2
or side2 = cm2 = area of the square
2

2. Diameter of the circle = a

3. Area ola sector ola circle with radius r

4.

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5. Side of outer square = d

∴ Its area = d

Diagonal of inner square = d

𝑑
∴ Side =
√2

𝑑2
⇒ Area =
2

Area of outer square = 2 × Area of inner square.

6. Given, 2πr = πr2

⇒ 2r = r2

⇒ r(r – 2) = 0 or r = 2

i.e. d = 4 units

7.

8. Perimeter of a semicircular protractor = Perimeter of a semicircle

= (2r + πr) cm

⇒ 2r + πr = 36
22
⇒ 𝑟 (2 + ) = 36
7
⇒ r = 7cm

Diameter 2r = 2 × 7 = 14 cm.

9. Perimeter of a semicircle = πr + 2r
22
= × 7 + 2 × 7 = 22 + 14 = 36cm
7

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10. Let radius of the circle be r units.

Then, diagonal of the square = 2r

Short Answer :
1.

1
Area of largest ∆ABC = × AB × CD
2

1
× 2r × r = r2 sq. units
2

2.

3. Diameter of the largest circle that can be inscribed in the given b

rectangle = b cm
𝑏
∴ Radius = cm
2

4. Given 2π r – r = 37

or r (2π – 1) = 37

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5. Let r be the radius of required circle. Then, we have

πr2 = p(8)2 + p(6)2

⇒ πr2 = 64p + 36p

⇒ pr2 = 100p

∴ r2 = 100pp = 100

⇒ r = 10cm

Hence, radius of required circle is 10 cm.

6. Let the radius of the protractor be r сm. Then,

Perimeter = 66 cm

= πr + 2r = 66 [∴ Perimeter of a semicircle = πr + 2r]

7. Let the radius of the circle be r сm. Then,

Diameter = 2r cm and Circumference = 2πr cm

According to question,

Circumference = Diameter + 16.8

⇒ 2πr = 2r + 16.8
22
⇒2× × r = 2r + 16.8
7

⇒ 44r = 14r + 16.8 × 7

⇒ 44r – 14r = 117.6 or 30r = 117.6

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117.6
⇒r= = 3.92
30

Hence, radius = 3.92 cm.

8. Let the outer and inner radii of the ring be R m and r m respectively. Then,

2πR = 396 and 2πr = 352

Hence, width of the track = (R – r) m = (63 – 56) m = 7 m

9.

Let the inner and outer radii of the circular track berm and R m respectively.
Then,

Inner circumference = 2πr = 220 m

Since the track is 7 m wide everywhere. Therefore,

R = Outer radius = r + 7 = (35 + 7)m = 42 m

22
∴ Outer circumference = 2πR = 2 × × 42m = 264m
7

Rate of fencing = ₹ 2 per metre

∴ Total cost of fencing = (Circumference × Rate) = ₹(264 × 2) = ₹ 528

10. The diameter of a wheel = 80 cm.

radius of the wheel = 40 cm.

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Now, distance travelled in one complete revolution of wheel = 2π × 40 = 80π

Since, speed of the car is 66 km/h

66×100000×10
So, distance travelled in 10 minutes =
60

= 11 × 100000 cm = 1100000 cm.

So, Number of complete revolutions in 10 minutes

Long Answer :
1. ∠ABC = ∠BAC = ∠ACB = 60° … [equilateral ∆]

14
2. Side = 14 cm, radius, r = = 7 cm
2

Area of the shaded region

= ar (square) – 4 (ar of quadrant)

3. AB = BC = CA

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= 2(3.5) = 7 cm

∴ ∆ABC is an equilateral ∆

28
4. Here r = = 7 cm
4

Area of the shaded region

= ar(square) – 4(circle)

= (side)2 – 4 (πr2)
22
= (28)2 – 4 × × 7 × 7 = 784 – 616 = 168 cm2
7

360
5. Here θ = = 120°, r = 6 cm
3

Area of shaded region

= 3(ar of minor segment) = 3[ar(minor sector) – ar(∆ABC)]

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Case Study Answers:

1. Answer :

i. (c) 11cm

Solution:

Radius of circle representing red region

ii. (a) 380.28cm2

Solution:

Area of red region πr2

iii. (b) 21.5cm

Solution:

Radius of circle formed by combining red and silver region = Radius of red region + width of
silver sign.

= (11+ 10.5)cm = 21.5cm

iv. (d) 1072.50cm2

Solution:

Area of silver region = Area of combined region - Area of red region.

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= 1452.78 - 380.28 = 1072.50cm2

v.
Solution:

Area of circular path formed by two concentric circles

2. Answer :

Let r and R be the radii of each smaller circle and larger circle, respectively.

We have,

i. (c) 50.28cm2

Solution:

Area of smaller circle πr2

ii. (a) 804.57cm2

Solution:

Area of larger circle πR2

iii. (b) 603.45cm2

Solution:

Area of the black color region = Area of larger circle - Area of 4 smaller circles.

= 804.57 - 4 × 50.28 = 603.45cm2

iv. (d) 12.57cm2

Solution:

Area of quadrant of a smaller circle

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v. (c) 66cm2

Solution:

Area between two concentric circles

Assertion Reason Answer-

1. (a) A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation for A.
2. (d) A is false; R is true.

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