Class -X

Subject - Mathematics
Ch -12
Areas Related to
Circles

Module -1/2
 Topics

• Introduction
• Circumference and
area of a circle.
• Areas of sector and
segmen t o f a circle .
 Introduction
Many objects that we come across in our daily life are related to the circular shape in some form or the
other. Cycle wheels, wheel barrow (thela), dartboard, round cake, papad, drain cover, various designs,
bangles, brooches, circular paths, washers, flower beds, etc. are some examples of such objects. So, the
problem of finding perimeters and areas related to circular figures is of great practical importance. In
this chapter, we shall begin our discussion with a review of the concepts of perimeter
(circumference) and area of a circle and apply this knowledge in finding the areas of two special ‘parts’
of a circular region (or briefly of a circle) known as sector and segment.
 Circumference & Area of a Circle
𝑪𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
 = 𝜋
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑐
⟹ = 𝜋
𝑑
⟹c = 𝜋 x d
⟹ c=2 𝜋 r
 Area of a circle= 𝜋r2
= 𝜋𝐝 2/ 4
 Area of a semicircle = 𝜋𝒓 2/ 2
 Area of a quadrant = 𝜋𝒓 2/ 4
 Value of 𝜋
 The great Indian mathematician Aryabhatta
gave an approximate value of 𝜋 which is
nearly equal to 3.1416.

 It is also interesting to note that using an

identity of the great mathematical genius
Srinivas Ramanujan of India, mathematicians
have been able to calculate the value of 𝜋
correct to million places of decimals . we
generally take 𝜋 = 22/7 or 3.14 approximately
 sector
 Sector : A sector is a region bounded by 2
radii and an arc.
0= 𝜋𝑟 2 .So ,
 Area of a sector of angle 360
0 =
area of a sector of angle 1 𝜋𝑟 2 / 360 0 .
 Hence , area of a sector of angle θ =
( 𝜋𝑟 2 θ)/360 0
 Arc of a sector
C ircumference of a circle of radius
r is 2 πr.
Length of the arc of a sector of
angle 360 0 = 2πr
So, length of the arc of a sector of
angle 1 0 = 2 πr/ 360 0
Hence, length of the arc of a sector
θ
of angle θ = 0 × 2 πr
360
 segment
 A chord of a circle divides the circular region into
two parts. Each part is called a segment of the
circle .
 There are two parts of area of segment :-
i) Major Segment
ii) Minor Segment
 Area of segment
• Segment : A segment is a region bounded
by a chord and its corresponding arc.
• The area of a segment is equal to the area
of the sector - the area of the triangle.
2 sin
Area of minor segment = θ x 2 - r θ
πr
360 0 2

Area of major segment = area of the circle –

area of the minor segment
 Some solved examples
Q1. The cost of fencing a circular field at the rate of Rs. 24 per metre is Rs. 5280. The field is to
be ploughed at the rate of Re. 0.50 per m 2. Find the cost of ploughing the field (Take π = 22/7).
Solution : Length of the fence (in metres ) = Total cost/Rate = 5280/24 = 220
So, the circumference of the field = 220 m
If r metres is the radius of the field, then 2πr = 220
2 × (22/7) × r = 220
r = (220 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 35
Hence , the radius of the field = 35 m
Area of the field = πr 2
= (22/7) × 35 × 35
= 22 × 5 × 35 m2
= 3850 sq.m .
Cost of ploughing 1 m 2 of the field = Re. 0.50
So, total cost of ploughing the field = 3850 × Re. 0.50 = Rs. 1925
Q2.GivenfiguredepictsanarcherytargetmarkedwithitsfivescoringregionsfromthecentreoutwardsasGold,Re
d,Blue,BlackandWhite.ThediameteroftheregionrepresentingGoldscoreis21cmandeachoftheotherbandsis1
st
0.5cmwide.Findtheareaofeachofthefivescoringregions. Solution: Theradiusof1 c i r c l e , r 1= 2 1 / 2 c m ( a s d i
ameterDisgivenas21cm)
2
So,areaofgoldregion=πr 1 = π ( 1 0 . 5 ) 2= 3 4 6 . 5 c m 2

N o w, i t i s g i v e n t h a t e a c h o f t h e o t h e r b a n d s i s 1 0 . 5 c m wi d e ,
S o , t h e r a d i u s o f 2 ndc i r c l e , r 2= 1 0 . 5 c m + 1 0 . 5 c m = 2 1 c m
∴
T hus, A r e a o f r e d r e g i o n = A r e a o f 2 ndc i r c l e − A r e a o f g o l d r e g i o n = ( π r 2
2
−346.5)cm2

= ( π ( 2 1 ) 2− 3 4 6 . 5 ) c m 2= 1 3 8 6 − 3 4 6 . 5
=1039.5cm2
S i m i l a r l y,
T h e r a d i u s o f 3 rd c i r c l e , r 3 = 2 1 c m + 1 0 . 5 c m = 3 1 . 5 c m

T h e r a d i u s o f 4 thc i r c l e , r 4= 3 1 . 5 c m + 1 0 . 5 c m = 4 2 c m

T h e R a d i u s o f 5 thc i r c l e , r 5= 4 2 c m + 1 0 . 5 c m = 5 2 . 5 c m
∴
F o r t h e a r e a o f n thr e g i o n A = A r e a o f c i r c l e n – A r e a o f c i r c l e ( n - 1 )
Areaofblueregion(n=3)=Areaofthirdcircle–Areaofsecondcircle
∴
= π ( 3 1 . 5 ) 2 – 1 3 8 6 c m 2 = 3 11 8 . 5 – 1 3 8 6 c m 2 = 1 7 3 2 . 5 c m 2
A r e a o f b l a c k r e g i o n ( n = 4 ) = A r e a o f f o u r t h c i r c l e – A r e a o f t h i r d c i r c l e = π ( 4 2 ) 2– 1 3 8 6 c m 2
∴
= 5 5 4 4 – 3 11 8 . 5 c m 2 = 2 4 2 5 . 5 c m 2
 A r e a o f wh i t e r e g i o n ( n = 5 ) = A r e a o f f i f t h c i r c l e – A r e a o f f o u r t h c i r c l e = π ( 5 2 . 5 ) 2 – 5 5 4 4 c m 2
= 8 6 6 2 . 5 – 5 5 4 4 c m 2= 3 11 8 . 5 c m 2
Q3. A chord PQ of the circle of radius 10 cm subtends an angle of 60 degrees at
the centre of the circle. Find the area of minor and major segment of the circle.
Solution : The radius of the circle = 10 cm.
Chord PQ subtends an angle= 60 degrees at the centre.
PQO is an equilateral triangle, O being the centre of
the circle.
2 1
Area of minor segment = θ/360 x π r – 2r 2sinθ

x 10 x 10 x √3= 9.03
600 22 1
= x x 10 x 10 –
360 0 7 2 2
2 22
Area of circle = π r = x 10 x 10 = 314 (approx .)
7
Area of major segment = Area of circle – Area of minor segment
= 314 – 9.03
= 304.97 cm 2 (approx.)
Q4. In a circle of radius 10.5 cm, the minor arc is one - fifth of the major arc.
Find the area of the sector corresponding to the major arc.
Solution : Radius of circle = 10.5 cm
Let x cm be the major arc, then x /5 cm be the length of minor arc.
𝑥 6𝑥
Circumference of circle = x + = cm
5 5
22
We know, Circumference of circle = 2π r = 2 x x 10.5
7
6𝑥 22
This implies, = 2x x 10.5
5 7
x = 55 cm
1 1
Area of major sector = x 55 x 10.5 = 288.75 (A= x x r )
2 2
The area of major sector is 288.75 cm 2.
Q5. A horse is tethered to one corner of a field which is in the
shape of an equilateral triangle of side 12 m. If the length of
the rope is 7 m, find the area of the field which the horse
cannot graze. [take √3 = 1.73]. Write the answer correct to 2
places of decimal.
Solution : Each angle of equilateral triangle = 60 0
Side of an equilateral triangle = 12 m
Length of the rope = 7 m
3 2 3 2
A rea of an equilateral triangle = ( side) = x12x12= 62.35m
4 4
60 0
Area of sector with radius 7 m = 0
x 22 x7x7= 25.66 m2
360 7
Now, Area which cannot be grazed by horse = Area of an
equilateral triangle – Area of sector with radius 7 m
= 62.35 m 2 m2
– 25.66
= 36.68 m 2
THANK YOU