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Lecture 7

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23 views8 pages

Lecture 7

Uploaded by

Luke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Date: Thursday 06 Tuly 2025 Exe ple Throw three sins simultaneously . A= event thet cint omes down heacls Be event Het coin 2 Gmes down heads C= event Hat Coins p Gay possible outene) = ax xt 2 wit fans A= event cond tomes down heads ae qine Tr S = fHHH HHT, WTH, HITS Wg p=9-5 B= event win 2 Gomes down heads II FhuH, HAT, THA, THTS => plB= oF C= cvent win 5 comes down heads SHH, rH, TAH, ITH PS PO=CS ( Diagram £25 Each possible outcome occurs eh a probability of bs = ops pA) =o p(B) = 95 p@) sos p(Ane)= o25 , p(ANc) = 0.28, p(BNC)= 92s p(ANBAC) = 0-125 plot least one head appearirg) =p (AUB us) = p(A) +p(e) + pO - pcan) - pang - p(erc) + plAN BAC) =e osrtostes —0-25-0:25 -0-:25 + 0125 = 0-815 Alternatively, this can be solved by using the methed of proba ili Gorm plemen tery p(uguc) = )) 1- p (aoBuc) 4- p (177) = f_-onss oss . Some basic pairs of complementary events EVENT (1) Aor sB AUB Ror @) A ANDS& ANB SN) (wl) at kast se King (iy) at least ne king ard at least ore open atleast and at last one King | One queen Wu ye! wet A Qj cent COM PLEMENT Nor@ AND NoTsB By De Morgan's law foB = ANB XR and Nor A og NoT B By De Morgan's law Ane = AvB No kings No kings or No queens TT LT AU W) at feast one king or at least ore queen A UB Wet least one of each suit No H or No S o¢ Nol Suit > Heart, Spode, Club, or NoD Diamo' at kast 1H ond at last a8 and at least 4C ard at least 4D Example () What is the probability tet a poker hand of Scards contains at least an ace? A 23 4 s 67e9tIJ3Aak Heort S pede chb Diamond No Kings and Nlo queens Koa 8B A pack a cards has 52 cards = 1B of cach suit Method 4: Using complemen tary probability . p (at least one Ace) 52 cards =j)e- (“¥c5) sp Het enya of drawing 5S ark af Ae non Ace ards osag ere) — Total ng cfwrs of deving S cards \ Plne acs) = AE 1 Ye S x 41 4E y 45 52 Ss) 50 4G x +4 = 0.98 @d1 @rdi Gls Gd+ ads Method 2: pat lecet one Ace) = pisa or 24 or zA or 4A) pli A) + ped 4 pA+ ptr) tex “a, + tig x ES + He, xB + 4a, * “6, 52m (Motual exclusive eNen ) = 0 54l2 n of lo Amerrcans ,7 French and SGermans by cheesing at randem. Fird We tee will have at least Bne @) Froma populatio form a committee of six probability Hat the cot’ of each European nationality > p (at least one of each Eurepean nationality ) =P (af least wre French and at least one German) Use complemen Lary probabildty +e SNe it. a committee A grup of a2 people Pape, of 22. > Total na oF loners cans 5 Germans iy of formating a 7 Bench Committee fe perple p @t hast 41F and at least 4 G) Complement : no Fo noG plas) ~i- p (noF or ho G) = plA) +P () -plANB) =) -[P (no F) + p(no&) —_ p (no Fard no @| =| - 15, n. _ 1 [Sette - “ce CO) ta no of ways of = o 71642 forming a committee of efeope Joint and Condi tonal Probab li Joint Probably © pOANB) iS the probability of'event A and event B Leth occur ring together . 8 A UY a= joie rebability, Cpe pa Gerelitional probability : p(s]A) is the probability of evet B eccurring given that (conditional that) event A hee already occurred . Thus: p(BlA) = p (Ane) Pa) and — p(AlB) = _p(ane) p(8) plAl®) = Ne of elerents in ANB No f elements in 8 plA|B) = Ne of ways ANB con our Ne of ways B can occur Example + ; / Ina callege , 25% Ail Maths , is % fei), Chemistry and bo % bil Leth Mathes and Chemisty . let M = X students who fail Maths} C= $ students Who il Chemistry } Then : pM) = 925, p= 0-15 and p (MNdz0.10 Fine the probability that @ stucent failed Noths given that he failed Chemistry. p(NIC) = p (Mac) = 010 ~ 2 =0667 pCa os OS p(Muc) = plot) pte) - piMns) = eos tos — ole = 53° Represent the giver data ona Venn Diagram S&S UW = CQ) P Moc)= 4- p (moc) = 4-630 = 010

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