FACULTY OF EDUCATION (BACHELOR) ART AND
DESIGN EDUCATION
ADE 415: THE CHILD AND VISUAL ART ANALYSIS REPORT:
ARTISTIC DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN
(RHODA KELLOGG THEORIES)
PREPARED BY
NAME STUDENT ID CLASS
2022786631 ED2422B
NUR SYAHIRAH
BINTI MUHD NUR
PREPARED FOR
MADAM RAIHA SHAHANAZ BINTI REDZUAN
INTRODUCTION
Rhoda Kellogg was a psychologist and she create a system that help to describes the
development of graphic expression in young children. In this system we can compare and
record each child’s free choice of line constructions. It called Kellogg. At first, children will be
influenced by adult at home. Coloring books, television, picture books, newspaper, comics,
magazine and animated creatures all objects. This is when teachers and parents praise
children for accurately recording their environment and labeling it art. As children learn to
please the adults in their lives, most of them abandon their inner creative voices for symbol
combinations that adults perceive as realistic. If we left to their own and provided them with
appropriate materials, children will self-educate themselves artistically and develop a
uniquely individual sense of aesthetics. After they become mature, some of their
explorations will naturally representational. This system must be handled carefully as not to
influence the child but instead to support their individual artistic vision. As a teacher it is
important for us to help guide our students to their potential and artistic expression is a
natural part of everyone’s potential.
Picture 1. Rhoda Kellogg’s 20 basic scribbles.
There are four developmental stages:
1. Placement stages (2-3 years old)
2. Shape stages (3 years old)
3. Design stages (3-4 years old)
4. Pictorial stages (4-5 years old)
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1. Placement stages (2-3 years old)
▪ By this age, children starting with scribble.
▪ As their grow their scribble began to be more controlled.
▪ There are 17 different placements.
2. Shape stages (3 years old)
▪ At this stages, children’s start to create a shape by scribbling for example circle,
triangle, square and other odd shape based on their imagination.
▪ Formal scribbles drawn at 2 produces overall “gestalts” or forms.
▪ These gestalts or forms contain following.
3. Design stages (3-4 years old)
▪ After the shape stage, they will start to create a diagram which is a form from a
single line. There will start to combine a shape to create an object that they
imagine.
▪ The basic diagram the “mandala” dominates the child’s visual thinking at this time
serves as a basic artistic referent in the future drawing.
▪ Children also use mandalas to draw people, flowers and the sun.
4. Pictorial stages (4-5 years old)
▪ At this stage, children became more creative and their drawing start to look like
an object that adult can recognized.
▪ Their structures design begins to look like objects that adults can be recognized.
The objectives of this analysis:
1. Interpret and study children's drawing skills according to the theoretical level, as well
as the practical level, in a series of exercises designed to improve pupil's
understanding of how to use their artistic talents.
2. The study assesses children's cognitive, psychomotor, affective and socio-emotional
development as well as behavioural and social development. To study the process of
artistic development in children through the lens of Rhoda Kellogg's theory.
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ANALYSIS
NAME / AGE DRAWING RHODA KELLOGG
THEORY.
Their structures design
begins to look like objects
that adults be recognized.
Hi my name is
Muhammad Qhalid Bin
Abdullah, I am 5 years
old this year. On the
right is my drawing.
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The child's scribbles grow
more controlled, and she
is more concerned with
placement.
Hi my name is Syasya
Ranea Binti Muhammad
Zulhilmi. I am 2 years
old this year and on the
right is my drawing.
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INTERPRETATION
Their structures the artwork above depicts two stages of children's art growth in solo
drawing. The artwork on the first table demonstrates that the kid is in the pictorial phases,
which correspond to developmental ages between 4-5 years old. It appears that the
scribbles have become more steady and regulated. Adults can also identify his drawing.
Then, display a more logical manner due to the reason that youngsters watch what happens
around them. The following graphic in the table above also demonstrates the development of
children at the placement stage, where the following youngsters are between the ages of 2-3
years. Children in this age group begin to understand and control the positioning of their
drawings on paper.
Pictorial Stages (4-5 years old)
Draw by Muhammad Qhalid
As we can see, we can clearly analyse or observe the shape of the drawing and
comprehend what type of shape Muhammad Qhalid is attempting to construct. There is a
sketch of a sun, a tree, and a home in the photo. The growth of the home shape in the
sketch with the door and window. He attempted to design the roof of the home using a
triangular form.
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The painting depicts Muhammad Qhalid's desire to create a cat, cloud, sun, rainbow, cat
food, and flowers. As we can see, we can distinguish the shape and lines he drew. There
are multiple rainbows and clouds above the cat to illustrate that the clouds are higher than
the cat. Then there's the sun in the upper left corner of the page. The form of flower growth
with leaf scribbles.
Muhammad Qhalid's most recent artwork depicts fish in an aquarium. There are many fish of
various hues and patterns. Under the bottom of the aquarium, there are stones of various
sizes and hues to make it appear more beautiful and appealing. He also painted seaweed
around the edges of the stones.
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Placement Stages (2-3 years old)
Draw by Syasya Ranea
The placement of the children at this stage (Placement Stages) looks like free drawing. At
this stage, the children are still unable to form the drawing into a recognizable object. But
there are various types of lines we can see that is used by children to produce the painting
strokes. There is no significance in the colors that he has chosen, seemingly having used
every color available to him. This artwork was made as a kinesthetic activity rather than for
representation.
The artwork above shows a variety of lines employed by Syasya Ranea to create panting
strokes. The drawing's placement is all over the page, with a concentration on single
diagonal lines, single curving lines and roaming open lines.
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The last drawing that produced by Syasya Ranea is many types of strokes of line. her
scribbling is more controlled and stabled. For the shape, she keep repeating using circle
where she try to express what she imagined. She also using color pencil color purple often, s
and orange a little. Which is single diagonal line, single loop line, roving open line, roving
enclosed line, imperfect circle, dot line and zigzag or waving line.
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can see that children’s personality is different depending on their age. It a
normal situation and it is part of their journey in development. They can act differently, it can
be their way of speak or their behavior based on their age. Their emotion often go up and
down, depending on what he or she felt at that time and also their surroundings. If they
expressed their feeling or thought by talking or gesture, children often expressed it by
drawing. It is a most preferable way to expressed themselves. For the parents, I suggest to
really think before you do or say something because kids is an observer. They will copy what
you do or say. And also if there asking a question, please answer it. Because at that time,
their curiosity is developing. You have to explain to them instead ignoring their curiosity
feeling. This way it help the process of development of the children. As the saying goes,
behind every young child who believe in himself is a parent who believed first.
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REFERENCE
1. https://stagesofartisticdevelopment.weebly.com/scribbling.html
2. https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/the-stages-of-artistic-development
3. https://www.d.umn.edu/artedu/Lowenf.html
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