208 MATHEMATICS

ANSWERS
EXERCISE 1.1
1. (i) Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
(ii) Neither reflexive nor symmetric but transitive.
(iii) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
(iv) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
(v) (a) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
(b) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
(c) Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
(d) Neither reflexive nor symmetric but transitive.
(e) Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
3. Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
5. Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
9. (i) {1, 5, 9}, (ii) {1} 12. T1 is related to T3.
13. The set of all triangles 14. The set of all lines y = 2x + c, c ∈ R
15. B 16. C

EXERCISE 1.2
1. No
2. (i) Injective but not surjective (ii) Neither injective nor surjective
(iii) Neither injective nor surjective (iv) Injective but not surjective
(v) Injective but not surjective
7. (i) One-one and onto (ii) Neither one-one nor onto.
9. No 10. Yes 11. D 12. A

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 1

3. No 4. n! 5. Yes 6. A 7. B

Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 209

EXERCISE 2.1
−π π π −π
1. 2. 3. 4.
6 6 6 3
2π π π π
5. 6. − 7. 8.
3 4 6 6
3π −π 3π 2π
9. 10. 11. 12.
4 4 4 3
13. B 14. B

EXERCISE 2.2
1 −1 x π
3. tan x 4. 5. −x
2 2 4
−1 x −1 x π
6. sin 7. 3tan 8.
a a 4
x+ y π
9. 1 − xy 10.
3
−π 17
11. 12. 13. B 14. D
4 6
15. B

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 2

π π π 1
1. 2. 11. x = nπ + , n ∈ Ζ 12. x =
6 6 4 3
13. D 14. C

EXERCISE 3.1
5
1. (i) 3 × 4 (ii) 12 (iii) 19, 35, – 5, 12,
2
2. 1 × 24, 2 × 12, 3 × 8, 4 × 6, 6 × 4, 8 × 3, 12 × 2, 24 × 1; 1 × 13, 13 × 1
3. 1 × 18, 2 × 9, 3 × 6, 6 × 3, 9 × 2, 18 × 1; 1 × 5, 5 × 1
 9
 1
2 9 25 
2 1 2 
4. (i)   (ii)   (iii)  2 2
9  
8 2 1  8 18 
 2 

Rationalised 2023-24
210 MATHEMATICS

 1 1
1 2 0 2 
  1 0 −1 −2
 1 (ii) 3 2 1 0 
5 3 
5. (i) 2
2 2   
  5 4 3 2 
4 7 3 5 
 2 2 
6. (i) x = 1, y = 4, z = 3
(ii) x = 4, y = 2, z = 0 or x = 2, y = 4, z = 0
(iii) x = 2, y = 4, z=3
7. a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4
8. C 9. B 10. D

EXERCISE 3.2

3 7 1 1 
1. (i) A + B =  (ii) A − B =  
1 7  5 −3
8 7  −6 26  11 10
(iii) 3A − C =   (iv) A B =   (v) BA =  
6 2  −1 19  11 2 
 2a 2b   ( a + b) 2 (b + c) 2 
2. (i)  0 2a  (ii)  
   (a − c) (a − b)2 
2

11 11 0 
16 5 21 1 1
(iii)   (iv) 1 1
5 10 9   

a 2 + b2  2 3 4 
0 4 6 8   − 3 − 4 1
3.(i)   8 13 9 
(ii)   (iii)
 0 a + b 
2 2

6 9 12 

14 0 42  1 2 3
18 −1 56   1 4 5 14 −6
(iv)   (v)   (vi) 4 5
 22 −2 70  −2 2 0  

 4 1 −1  −1 −2 0
   
4. A + B =  9 2 7  , B − C =  4 −1 3
 3 −1 4   1 2 0

Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 211

0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 
5.   6. 0 1 
 
 0 0 0 
 2 −12  2 13 
 5 5 , 5 5
5 0   2 0 X=  Y=  
7. (i) X =   , Y =  (ii)  −11
1 4  1 1 3  14 −2
 5   5 

 −1 −1
8. X =   9. x = 3, y = 3 10. x = 3, y = 6, z = 9, t = 6
 −2 −1
11. x = 3, y = – 4 12. x = 2, y = 4, w = 3, z = 1
 1 −1 −3 
 −1 −1 −10
15.   17. k = 1
 −5 4 4 
19. (a) ` 15000, ` 15000 (b) ` 5000, ` 25000
20. ` 20160 21. A 22. B

EXERCISE 3.3

 −1 3 2
 1   1 2  
1. (i) 5 2 −1 (ii)  −1 3 (iii) 5 5 3
   6 6 −1


0 0 0  0 a b
− 4 5 0 0 0 ,  − a 0 c 
4.  1 6 9.    
  0 0 0  −b −c 0

3 3   0 2 
10. (i) A =  +  
3 −1  −2 0 

 6 −2 2  0 0 0 
(ii) A =  − 2 3 − 1  +  0
 0 0 

 2 −1 3   0 0 0 

Rationalised 2023-24
212 MATHEMATICS

 1 −5   5 3
 3 2 2 0 2 2
   
A=
1
−2 −2  +  −5 0 3
 2  2  1 2   0 3
(iii)     (iv) A =  + 
 −5  −3  2 2   −3 0 
−2 2 −3 0
 2   2 
11. A 12. B

EXERCISE 3.4
1. D

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 3

1 1 1
3. x=± ,y=± ,z=±
2 6 3

4. x = – 1 6. x = ± 4 3
7. (a) Total revenue in the market - I = ` 46000
Total revenue in the market - II = ` 53000
(b) ` 15000, ` 17000

1 −2
8. X =   9. C 10. B 11. C
2 0 

EXERCISE 4.1
1. (i) 18 2. (i) 1, (ii) x3 – x2 + 2
5. (i) – 12, (ii) 46, (iii) 0, (iv) 5 6. 0

7. (i) x = ± 3 , (ii) x = 2 8. (B)

EXERCISE 4.2

15 47
1. (i) , (ii) , (iii) 15
2 2

Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 213

3. (i) 0, 8, (ii) 0, 8 4. (i) y = 2x, (ii) x – 3y = 0 5. (D)

EXERCISE 4.3
1. (i) M11 = 3, M12 = 0, M21 = – 4, M22 = 2, A11 = 3, A12 = 0, A21 = 4, A22 = 2
(ii) M11 = d, M12 = b, M21 = c, M22 = a
A11 = d, A12= – b, A21 = – c, A22 = a
2. (i) M11= 1, M12= 0, M13 = 0, M21 = 0, M22 = 1, M23 = 0, M31 = 0, M32 = 0, M33 = 1,
A11= 1, A12= 0, A13= 0, A21= 0, A22= 1, A23= 0, A31= 0, A32= 0, A33= 1
(ii) M11= 11, M12= 6, M13= 3, M21= –4, M22= 2, M23= 1, M31= –20, M32= –13, M33= 5
A11=11, A12= – 6, A13= 3, A21= 4, A22= 2, A23= –1, A31= –20, A32= 13, A33= 5
3. 7 4. (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) 5. (D)

EXERCISE 4.4

3 1 −11
4 −2 1  3 2
−12 5 −1
14  − 4 2 
1. 2. 5.
−3 1
6 2 5

10 −10 2  −3 0 0
1 2 −5 1  −1
6. 7. 0 5 − 4  8. 3 −1 0
13 3 −1 10  3
 0 0 2  −9 −2 3

 −1 5 3 −2 0 1 1 0 0
−1 
9.  − 4 23 12  10. 9 2 −3 11. 0 cos α sin α
3
 1 −11 − 6  6 1 −2 0 sin α – cos α

 −3 4 5
1  2 −1
=  9 −1 − 4 
−1 1 
13. 1 3  14. a = – 4, b = 1 15. A
7   11
 5 −3 −1 

 3 1 −1
1
16.  1 3 1 17. B 18. B
4
 −1 1 3 

Rationalised 2023-24
214 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 4.5
1. Consistent 2. Consistent 3. Inconsistent
4. Consistent 5. Inconsistent 6. Consistent

−5 12 −6 −19
7. x = 2, y = – 3 8. x= , y= 9. x= , y=
11 11 11 11

1 −3
10. x = –1, y = 4 11. x = 1, y = , z =
2 2
12. x = 2, y = –1, z = 1 13. x = 1, y = 2, z = –1
14. x = 2, y = 1, z = 3

0 1 −2
15. −2 9 −23 , x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
−1 5 −13

16. cost of onions per kg = ` 5

cost of wheat per kg = ` 8
cost of rice per kg = ` 8

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 4

9 −3 5 
−2 1 0 
2. 1 3. 
 1 0 2 

5. – 2(x3 + y3) 6. xy 7. x = 2, y = 3, z = 5
8. A 9. D

EXERCISE 5.1
2. f is continuous at x = 3
3. (a), (b), (c) and (d) are all continuous functions
5. f is continuous at x = 0 and x = 2; Not continuous at x = 1
6. Discontinuous at x = 2 7. Discontinuous at x = 3

Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 215

8. Discontinuous at x = 0 9. No point of discontinuity

10. No point of discontinuity 11. No point of discontinuity
12. f is discontinuous at x = 1 13. f is not continuous at x = 1
14. f is not continuous at x = 1 and x = 3
15. x = 1 is the only point of discontinuity
2
16. Continuous 17. a = b +
3
18. For no value of λ, f is continuous at x = 0 but f is continuous at x = 1 for any
value of λ.
20. f is continuous at x = π 21. (a), (b) and (c) are all continuous
22. Cosine function is continuous for all x ∈ R; cosecant is continuous except for
π
x = nπ, n ∈ Z; secant is continuous except for x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ Z and
2
cotangent function is continuous except for x = nπ, n ∈ Z
23. There is no point of discontinuity.
24. Yes, f is continuous for all x ∈ R 25. f is continuous for all x ∈ R
3 −2
26. k = 6 27. k = 28. k =
4 π
9
29. k = 30. a = 2, b = 1
5
34. There is no point of discontinuity.

EXERCISE 5.2
2
1. 2x cos (x + 5) 2. – cos x sin (sin x) 3. a cos (ax + b)
sec (tan x).tan (tan x ).sec 2 x
4.
2 x

5. a cos (ax + b) sec (cx + d) + c sin (ax + b) tan (cx + d) sec (cx + d)
6. 10x4 sinx5 cosx5 cosx3 – 3x2 sinx3 sin2 x5

−2 2 x sin x
7. 2 2 8. −
sin x sin 2 x 2 x

Rationalised 2023-24
216 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 5.3

cosx − 2 2 a
1. 2. 3. −
3 cos y − 3 2by + sin y

sec2 x − y (2 x + y ) (3x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 )
4. 5. − 6. −
x + 2 y −1 ( x + 2 y) ( x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 )

y sin xy sin 2 x 2 3
7. sin 2 y − x sin xy 8. 9. 10.
sin 2 y 1 + x2 1 + x2

2 −2 −2 2
11. 12. 13. 14.
1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 − x2

2
15. −
1 − x2

EXERCISE 5.4

e x (sin x − cosx) esin −1 x

1. , x ≠ nπ, n ∈ Z 2. , x ∈( − 1,1)
sin 2 x 1 − x2

e − x cos (tan −1 e – x )
−
3
3. 3x 2 e x 4.
1+ e −2 x

π x2
, n ∈N 6. e x + 2 x e + 3 x 2 e x + 4 x 3e x + 5 x 4 e x
3 4 5
5. – ex tan ex, e x ≠ (2n + 1)
2
x
e 1
7. ,x>0 8. ,x>1
x x log x
4 xe

( x sin x ⋅ log x + cos x) , 1

9. − 2
x > 0 10. − + e x sin (log x + e x ), x > 0
x (log x) x

EXERCISE 5.5
1. – cos x cos 2x cos 3x [tan x + 2 tan 2x + 3 tan 3x]
1 ( x − 1) ( x − 2)  1 1 1 1 1 
+ − − −
2. 2 ( x − 3)( x − 4)( x − 5)  x − 1 x − 2 x − 3 x − 4 x − 5 


Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 217

cos x  cos x 
3. (log x)  x log x − sin x log (log x) 
 
4. xx (1 + log x) – 2sin x cos x log 2
5. (x + 3) (x + 4)2 (x + 5)3 (9x2 + 70x + 133)
x
1   x 2 −1 1 
1
 1+  x + 1 − log x 
6.  x +   2 + log ( x + )  + x x  
 x   x +1 x   x2 
7. (log x)x-1 [1 + log x . log (log x)] + 2x logx–1 . logx
1 1
8. (sin x)x (x cot x + log sin x) +
2 x − x2
 sin x 
9. x sinx  + cos x log x  + (sin x)cos x [cos x cot x – sin x log sin x]
 x 
4x
10. x x cosx [cos x . (1 + log x) – x sin x log x] – 2
( x − 1)2

 x cot x + 1 − log ( x sin x) 

1
x
11. (x cos x)x [1 – x tan x + log (x cos x)] + (x sin x)  x2 

yx y −1 + y x log y y  y − x log y 
12. − 13.  
x y log x + xy x −1 x  x − y log x 
y tan x + log cos y y ( x −1)
14. 15.
x tan y + log cos x x ( y + 1)
 1 2x 4 x3 8 x7 
16. (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 +x4) (1 + x8)  + + +  ; f ′(1) = 120
1 + x 1 + x 2 1 + x 4 1 + x 8 
17. 5x4 – 20x3 + 45x2 – 52x + 11

EXERCISE 5.6

b 1
1. t 2 2. 3. – 4 sin t 4. −
a t2
cos θ − 2cos 2θ θ
5. 6. − cot 7. – cot 3t 8. tan t
2sin 2θ − sin θ 2
b
9. cosec θ 10. tan θ
a

Rationalised 2023-24
218 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 5.7
1. 2 2. 380 x18 3. – x cos x – 2 sin x
1
4. − 5. x(5 + 6 log x) 6. 2ex (5 cos 5x – 12 sin 5x)
x2
2x
7. 9 e6x (3 cos 3x – 4 sin 3x) 8. −
(1 + x 2 ) 2
(1 + log x) sin (log x) + cos (log x)
9. − 10. −
( x log x) 2 x2
12. – cot y cosec2 y

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 5

1. 27 (3x2 – 9x + 5)8 (2x – 3) 2. 3sinx cosx (sinx – 2 cos4 x)

3. (5 x) 3cos 2 x  
3cos 2 x
 x − 6sin 2 x log 5 x 
 
 x 
3 x  cos −1 
1 2
4. 5. −  + 
2 1 − x3 3

 4 − x 2 x + 7 (2 x + 7) 2
2

 

7. (log x) log x  +
1 1 log (log x) 
6.
2 x x  , x > 1
8. (a sin x – b cos x) sin (a cos x + b sin x)
9. (sinx – cosx)sin x – cos x (cosx + sinx) (1 + log (sinx – cos x)), sinx > cosx
10. xx (1 + log x) + ax a–1 + ax log a
2
−3  x2 − 3  2  x2 
11. xx  + 2 x log x  + ( x − 3) x  + 2 x log( x − 3) 
 x  x −3 
6 t sec3 t π
12. cot 13. 0 17. ,0 < t <
5 2 at 2

Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 219

EXERCISE 6.1
1. (a) 6π cm2/cm (b) 8π cm2/cm
8
2. cm2/s 3. 60π cm2/s 4. 900 cm3/s
3
5. 80π cm2/s 6. 1.4π cm/s
7. (a) –2 cm/min (b) 2 cm2/min
1 8
8. cm/s 9. 400π cm3/cm 10. cm/s
π 3

 −31 
11. (4, 11) and  − 4,  12. 2π cm3/s
 3 

27 1
13. π (2 x + 1)2 14. cm/s 15. ` 20.967
8 48π

16. ` 208 17. B 18. D

EXERCISE 6.2

3   3
4. (a)  , ∞  (b)  − ∞, 
4   4

5. (a) (– ∞, – 2) and (3, ∞) (b) (– 2, 3)

6. (a) decreasing for x < – 1 and increasing for x > – 1

3 3
(b) decreasing for x > −
and increasing for x < −
2 2
(c) increasing for – 2 < x < – 1 and decreasing for x < – 2 and
x>–1
9 9
(d) increasing for x < − and decreasing for x > −
2 2
(e) increasing in (1, 3) and (3, ∞), decreasing in (– ∞, –1) and (– 1, 1).
8. 0 < x < 1 and x > 2 12. A, B
13. D 14. a > – 2 19. D

Rationalised 2023-24
220 MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 6.3
1. (i) Minimum Value = 3 (ii) Minimum Value = – 2
(iii) Maximum Value = 10 (iv) Neither minimum nor maximum value
2. (i) Minimum Value = – 1; No maximum value
(ii) Maximum Value = 3; No minimum value
(iii) Minimum Value = 4; Maximum Value = 6
(iv) Minimum Value = 2; Maximum Value = 4
(v) Neither minimum nor Maximum Value
3. (i) local minimum at x = 0, local minimum value = 0
(ii) local minimum at x = 1, local minimum value = – 2
local maximum at x = – 1, local maximum value = 2

π
(iii) local maximum at x = , local maximum value = 2
4

3π
(iv) local maximum at x = , local maximum value = 2
4

7π
local minimum at x = , local minimum value = – 2
4
(v) local maximum at x = 1, local maximum value = 19
local minimum at x = 3, local minimum value = 15
(vi) local minimum at x = 2, local minimum value = 2

1
(vii) local maximum at x = 0, local maximum value =
2

2 2 3
(viii) local maximum at x = , local maximum value =
3 9

Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 221

5. (i) Absolute minimum value = – 8, absolute maximum value = 8

(ii) Absolute minimum value = – 1, absolute maximum value = 2
(iii) Absolute minimum value = – 10, absolute maximum value = 8
(iv) Absolute minimum value = 19, absolute maximum value = 3
6. Maximum profit = 113 unit.
7. Minima at x = 2, minimum value = – 39, Maxima at x = 0, maximum value = 25.

π 5π
8. At x = and 9. Maximum value = 2
4 4
10. Maximum at x = 3, maximum value 89; maximum at x = – 2, maximum value = 139
11. a = 120
12. Maximum at x = 2π, maximum value = 2π; Minimum at x = 0, minimum value = 0
13. 12, 12 14. 45, 15 15. 25, 10 16. 8, 8
17. 3 cm 18. x = 5 cm

1 1
 50  3  50  3
21. radius =   cm and height = 2   cm
 π  π

112 28π
22. cm, cm 27. A 28. D 29. C
π+4 π+4

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 6

2. b 3 cm2/s

π 3π π 3π
3. (i) 0 £ x £ and < x < 2π (ii) <x<
2 2 2 2
4. (i) x < –1 and x > 1 (ii) – 1 < x < 1

—v—

Rationalised 2023-24
222 MATHEMATICS

3 3
5. ab 6. Rs 1000
4

20 10
8. length = m, breadth = m
π+4 π+4
2
10. (i) local maxima at x = (ii) local minima at x = 2
7
(iii) point of inflection at x = –1
5
11. Absolute maximum = , Absolute minimum = 1
4
4π R 3
14. 16. A
3 3

—v—

Rationalised 2023-24
 ANSWERS 223

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

CHAPTER 5

Theorem 5 (To be on page 129 under the heading Theorem 5)

(i) Derivative of Exponential Function f (x) = ex.
If f (x) = ex, then
f ( x + ∆x ) − f ( x )
f'(x) = lim
∆x → 0 ∆x
x+∆x
e − ex
= lim
∆x→ 0 ∆x
e ∆x − 1
= e x ⋅ lim
∆x→ 0 ∆x
eh − 1
= e x ⋅1 [since lih →m0 h = 1 ]
d x
Thus, (e ) = e x .
dx
(ii) Derivative of logarithmic function f(x) = logex.
If f(x) = logex, then
lo g e ( x + ∆ x ) − lo g e x
f'(x) = li m
∆x→ 0 ∆x
 ∆x 
lo g e  1 + 
= lim  x 
∆x→ 0 ∆x

 ∆x 
lo g e 1 + 
lim
1  x 
= ∆x→ 0 x ∆x
x

1 lo g e (1 + h )
= [since li m = 1]
x h → 0 h
d 1
Thus, log e x = .
dx x

Rationalised 2023-24
224 MATHEMATICS

NOTES

Rationalised 2023-24