Untitled
Untitled
Untitled
Defion hiom.
omeve
omeve a
Ciwils, Uas d
Ckpps ane Wovishapi
Wovshaping
iha distak
tnput Simo
politm
l arlied Siynd fosi hve
Yemmaini pu U dihectmal C k p
nagar ve
Se
Postive
cpp
ckppes fasallu
Uidiust-omalH
Megata ve
Bi-ditasi-vnal
Panall Cppna
Commeched aLroSs
load Yesish
9n faxalll cipps, ta
aCAg
dRoclk Combiar om m u a a m e l
ando P
w
oco
BNo
N
Sws pp
DTodh and
Load resrstor
3n Seu cupps
You
Conmected m Seil RLoad
dhualyai ckppes
Tlal dicde ppheach
VoUtena
a De euc
Biaaed cüpe COVreop-
n clucud n acppi CAt,
biaed Cppen
Callod a
Oncimg cppen
mud biaairs
A
wy do we
Ce Cam
Contaol cuppi
w: biaaimg o Simal,
we Cam cp way
ak R r q / u m e m
(em:
a 2V 3V a)-
P
Vo
OVP 3Y
(caad Jknsr V -
Diod
amd
h posi ive
fB
mgatve Ceu
Vo
306
3)
eaun o ka
amd V hup
D Dwing Lnbove
Sevese baai cuoda
Comouut
M g n t ve hal Cyele D cloeo
V L t Cho 36)
Appy
e +V%o
Chametns tits
M- AVo
fimd
Vo
Positive
o AC Sigmal)
AVo
Yc
3
NA Vim Va
2 ( 2 )
Vin > Viy
iqa h t lnou dui osihv "
CpPosi -eath
domunamce
we ned Compo
SOsLe
Wlem V Yk 2)
Caa 1 donumanee
don
Kevee. Biaad ( RB) cne
D
D 9lo
Aopy
VL -V, O
Caal 2 DVa
Dqels
fbuenel Biaad (F8
domuinalba
D Coneuuts.
3V Vy
F
Vo y(De)
M
AD
AVo
-AV
Ve Vo
3
osiHe ha .
R
R Vo
Vo
3 3V T-3Y
N
frg a)
hen <Vy D Concuts
V, V outpuw= Uinput
D clbeon Condue
Vo V V O+Vay 3V
Nag atNe haly Cye
Lrtu Ye
R Ve
Rams ju Chaatis hs
n
3 Lane
>t
3
-5
onallu clippn
Rs A Rs
No
Vs ( Vo
K
CiAut choice
Rs Vo
fia
Cye
Duimg Posikive hal
W
Rs
Short
s
-
K
revese biaasd.
Diode qats
am Open Ciui t.
Diocle Cum be replauo wil
19s
+Vm
t
-Nm
osihve haly y
o coppecl-
ov
-Vm
hams ten Chanacteis
hics
M
-Vs 4
- Vm
o
* Positve lippe dina haekcod dids
clioc VK
LThvahold volaq 3* RS
Tdadl
Diode
VKF
Dunimg osive ha
Se
Mw- t Vg = o 7 V
Vk o3V He
s No
VK
e c n olen
amd Vk
a OPposi
s
a dominah'ng Soune2
Sou
Vs < VK VK
Cape (a
Rs e diods
evense biases
VK ike an
Vo ore
Diode
behawes
pom cinw
Rs
AA
Vs , posikve hay
Vo
19s>Vk Vs domaies Vs
Cuhun m clnuit
to
A woud townel bias
Ns
Rs
diol
1Vs
RS Yo =VK DC Value.
Negatveve hay h
Rs bo Vs 4 V« ane Revse
b'aatng a drode
-ivalot o
Ca i Vs V i
amkclodk wise diveh'on
Apply kvL n
- s necaT vVe
+ o =O
ha a
Sumanany
+v hal .
V Vk DC
VK
1-s AC
- ve ho
Cha
waNams
+vramste
Vo
Vm VK
DC
VK
-Vm
K
NM
VK
NM
OSiaae Stis dkppen
Yo
(ay Maim nui
Vo
Vo
2 (a 4 3Y
a r s p ChoaautevS ths 3
Pohallel
)
1 ( Maum uiE
-3
() Posive
Vo
Yo
(:Vy-3)
>Vy (3
clomai malis
3V SouL b 0 dominals
( Duimg Nga ve
ha Cypla
3 Soune woulol be
B :
oebiuaim e diode
3
2)yaluve haly ty No
3V
SV
N
( ) Dnnle Emdud cpper
Diode
accal nalyaA
NK
1
bV
j- 3V
main uu't
1 (
R Vo : T-3
Vo
Dkem 3.4V
ole Ve-0.4V
o 31-0-4 3V
V<01+3 ;<3:+V
n
Diol coen Conu
Vm
Vo Nm - 0.4 6-o.4
VoVo R3 0+3 3
4:3
Mo--Vk|Men
7) Dabl Emdad ckppe
Vo No
3
hanst Chosactois S
3-4V
3-3
SY
- V¢ 3.7V
A3
naya
Phpcaw Diode
K
3
( ) Daubl Emdad ckppen
ostte ha C
VK
3V
3v 1 2
3
Yo
CRu
GaiRut 14)
AVaV%.<
3Y (i V,c2)
Vx > 3v
Vin moy
D+044 3V
D qutbusand biaa.ol
o3V
. Ppy KvL
gave hall y
+V-Vo -0"
n
o 1+
sen 9=0
Yo O7V
VK
o Vx
3v
-4 3
.
-10 7
-43
( ) Dowbl Endad ckppen
alyas
()Id Dioda
R
D
1 Ma CAu
2V
oVP- 3
Analyni
( Positve haly Cyel i
R
w
P2
2 positi ve
T 3 1 Ciu'
hal
Compahe Sokes
AubtiaVe
A ubadr mamn-
Cownted m
Ch
9 amd 3
do Soule ompa"si o n
ha V und
Antte posthive
2 Soakes Tevtse bitse D2 n
Ra|uivalkm clkt moM be
(
)Smpkjpid cinuit A
3 Positve haly Cyel
No
1e) Ve> 3v
3V
neue biaa
Rpa CAut 1)
Diode D ea
VL
V > 3V Reja
oond biaaed
Diod D p
Vo 3
Ngaro ve ha Cyu
R
M
D CNegab-ve ho yu
4 2
Snus
COmna m
Sulot hacve
Subthad
Cowneetad
and 2V a
4)
Ma
Cows ted n add'h ve
3 a
amd
mk 0pPose diod
Maww ,
and bey
Conduui oM a aa Rmlrre mGa
hevehse
hal y
ealuivauw hu+ Nerten an
) Simd Cu't
mgat ve haly u u
Sauce Copastss'on
Vo
2
16 4 2 1 (t) 2V
V 2 V
biaad
VoV
V 2
biaand.
b iad
otwakd
domunalus 9 D,
Vo-2
S
3
SV
2V 3Y SY
2
-5
VTU PAobloms
R 1 masles
N D 1Vo
Hana wk
Vp-36Y 2 3V
Dioc
u a padital
Nega vee
k
1oVp-P |t 3
Vo
CAut M be he-wAr en as
he-wiUem aA,
uiln V 04V, Ma
M
Tual Diode
Sdual Tdsal Dioddu
VeT
10) 1
Positve ha Ceu
Bo 04VRT i Yevwe
Yevse
biao diode D
RT 3
R KVL
M
0-Vo-0
Vo
V-10
Negal ve naly
Cyel
R
Compase e Soxes
Compa % i m
Sowe
3 b goimg o domimake
n <a 3 v
We > 23 v domimala.
R
R
(9 No
o 2-3
2-3
2 3y
Dq twu biand
R e s e biaans
D Yo-2.3
+Vo0
Vo-10
a Chahacteusts
voaveb
9,Bo
Vo
Vm
.2
-2 VM
NE
2