The document discusses Ohm's Law and basic electrical circuit concepts like voltage, current, and resistance. It explains how resistors are used to limit current and describes different types of fixed resistors as well as how to read color codes to determine a resistor's value. The document also provides examples of electrical circuits and their components.
The document discusses Ohm's Law and basic electrical circuit concepts like voltage, current, and resistance. It explains how resistors are used to limit current and describes different types of fixed resistors as well as how to read color codes to determine a resistor's value. The document also provides examples of electrical circuits and their components.
The document discusses Ohm's Law and basic electrical circuit concepts like voltage, current, and resistance. It explains how resistors are used to limit current and describes different types of fixed resistors as well as how to read color codes to determine a resistor's value. The document also provides examples of electrical circuits and their components.
The document discusses Ohm's Law and basic electrical circuit concepts like voltage, current, and resistance. It explains how resistors are used to limit current and describes different types of fixed resistors as well as how to read color codes to determine a resistor's value. The document also provides examples of electrical circuits and their components.
in Electrical circuits. 2. Electricity 3. Resistor ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS All you need to be an inventor is a good imagination and a pile of junk.
-Thomas Edison How you should be thinking about electric circuits:
Voltage: a force that pushes
the current through the circuit (in this picture it would be equivalent to gravity) How you should be thinking about electric circuits:
Resistance: friction that
impedes flow of current through the circuit (rocks in the river) How you should be thinking about electric circuits:
Current: the actual
“substance” that is flowing through the wires of the circuit (electrons!) QUESTION: WHY IS THE BIRD ON THE WIRE SAFE? ENGINEERS WORK TO SOLVE MANY PROBLEMS • Electrical Engineer may design GBS for your vehicle • Mechanical Engineer may create a robot to discover water. • Chemical Engineer may find a cure for a disease. ELECTRICITY AND VOLTAGE - Electricity is the flow of electrons (-) Charges (-) flow from HIGH voltage areas to LOW voltage areas Voltage is like electrical pressure that pushes and pulls charges
Dr. Faris al-Salem 9/14/2016
An electric circuit must include: 1. An energy source – “energizes” the electrons, ex. battery, photoelectric cell in calculator 2. A conducting wire (connector) – provides a path for current to flow 3. A load which is a device that converts electrical energy to another form of energy, ex. light bulb Many electric circuits also include a switch that turns the circuit on or off by closing or opening the circuit. Generator when it changes mechanical energy to electrical energy
9/14/2016 Solar cell when it changes light energy to electrical energy.
9/14/2016 MODEL OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT • Current is the flow of electric charge.
• A model can help to understand how
this works in an electric circuit.
• In this model, the moped riders
represent the flow of charge and the pizzas represent the electrical energy carried by this current. BASIC ELECTRIC CIRCUIT CONCEPTS We use the SI (System International) units. The system uses meters (m), kilograms (kg), seconds (s), ampere (A), degree kelvin (OK) and candela (cd) as the fundamental units.
pica (p): 10-12 tera (T): 1012
nano (n): 10-9 giga (G) : 109 micro (): 10-6 mega (M): 106 milli (m): 10-3 kilo (k): 103 RESISTORS Objectives: • List the major types of fixed resistors. • Determine the resistance of a resistor using the color code. • Discuss how exceeding its power rating can cause damage to a resistor. • Discuss the use of a variable resistor as a potentiometer. RESISTORS
• Resistors are commonly used to perform two functions
in a circuit. • The first use is to limit the flow of current in a circuit.
I=E/R I = 15 V / 30 Ω I = 0.5 A RESISTORS Fixed resistors have only one ohmic value, which cannot be changed or adjusted. One type of fixed resistor is the composition carbon resistor. RESISTORS Resistor colour code calculation • The first band red has a value of 2 • The second band purple has a value of 7 2 • The third band has a multiplier of x 10 7 • The last band indicates a x10 tolerance value of +/-5% • Resistance value is 270Ω +/- +/-5% 5% RESISTORS
Carbon resistors are very popular for most
applications because they are inexpensive and readily available in standard sizes and wattages.
½ Watt 1 Watt 2 Watt
RESISTOR Metal film resistors are another type of fixed resistor. These resistors are superior to carbon resistors because their ohmic value does not change with age and they have improved tolerance RESISTOR Wire-wound resistors are fixed resistors that are made by winding a piece of resistive wire around a ceramic core. These are used when a high power rating is required. RESISTOR Exceeding the power rating causes damage to a resistor. RESISTOR
Variable resistors can change their value over a
specific range. A potentiometer is a variable resistor with three terminals. A rheostat has only two terminals. RESISTOR COLOR CODE
1st band color gives 1st number
2nd band color gives 2nd number 3rd band color gives # of zeros 4th band color gives tolerance or ± HOW TO READ IT
Resistors are color coded for easy reading.
To determine the value of a given resistor look for the gold or silver tolerance band and hold the resistor with this band to the right. Then read the colored bands left to right. HOW TO READ IT Now look at the 2nd color band and match that color to the same chart. Write this number next to the 1st Digit. Match the 3rd color band with the chart under multiplier. This is the number you will multiple the other 2 numbers by. Write it next to the other 2 numbers with a multiplication sign before it. HOW TO READ IT
Example: • First color is red which is 2 • Second color is black which is 0 • Third color is yellow which is 10,000 • Tolerance is silver which is 10% Therefore the equation is: 2 0 x 10,000 = 200,000 Ohms ± 10% Resistor Color Code Chart HOW TO REMEMBER THE CODE
Remember the color codes with this
sentence: Big Brown Rabbits Often Yield Great Big Vocal Groans When Gingerly Slapped. K OR M?
• Many resistors have large amounts of resistance,
so we use prefixes to have a handy short name • “k” is for kilo and means 1000 times • “M” is for mega and means 1,000,000 times (million) RESISTOR
Review:
1. Resistors are used in two main applications: as
voltage dividers and to limit the flow of current in a circuit. 2. The value of fixed resistors cannot be changed. 3. There are several types of fixed resistors such as composition carbon, metal film, and wire- wound. RESISTOR Review:
4. Carbon resistors change their resistance with
age or if overheated. 5. Metal film resistors never change their value, but are more expensive than carbon resistors. 6. The advantage of wire-wound resistors is their high power ratings. RESISTOR Review:
7. Resistors often have bands of color to indicate
their resistance value and tolerance. 8. Resistors are produced in standard values. The number of values between 0 and 100 Ω is determined by the tolerance.
