Physical Education 4 – Team Sports

(Basketball and VOLLEYBALL)

MODULE 2 - VOLLEYBALL

In this module, students will be able to explore everything about the volleyball game. It
will start with the international historical background as well as national history. The FIVB rules
and regulations will be discussed, and facilities & equipment before they study and execute the
different basis skills needed to play volleyball.
Specifically at the end of the semester, student will be able to:
1. traced the international and national history of volleyball;
2. described and explained the official facilities & equipment of the sports;
3. discussed the rules and regulations of the game;
4. executed and demonstrated the different basic skills of volleyball;
5. demonstrated knowledge in playing volleyball game; and
6. executed the referees hand signals.

INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is a sport played by two teams on a
playing court divided by a net. There are different versions
available for specific circumstances to offer the versatility of
Source:
the game to everyone.
https://ww
w.pngwing The object of the game is to send the ball over the net to
.com/en/se ground it on the opponents’ courts, and to prevent the same
arch?q=vol
leyball+Sp effort by the opponent. The team has three hits for returning
iking the ball (in addition to the block contact).

The ball is put into play with a service; hit by the server over
the net to the opponent’s playing court. The rally continues
until the ball is grounded on the playing court of the
opponent, goes “out” or a team fails to return it properly.

In Volleyball, each rally wins a point (Rally point Scoring).

When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve, and its players rotate
one position clockwise.

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HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT

On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke,

Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA
physical education director, created a new game called
Mintonette as a pastime to be played preferably indoors
and by any number of players. The game took some of
its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another
indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area,
having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) Source:
https://peo
away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts only four plepill.com
years before. Mintonette (as volleyball was then /people/wil
known) was designed to be an indoor sport less rough liam-g-
morgan
than basketball for older members of the YMCA, while
still requiring a bit of athletic effort.

The first rules, written down by William G.

Morgan, called for a net 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 meters)
high, a 25 × 50-foot (7.6 × 15.2 meter) court, and any
number of players. A match was composed of nine
innings with three serves for each team in each inning,
and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each
team before sending the ball to the opponents’ court. In case of a serving error, a second try was
allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)—
except in the case of the first try serve. To protect the fingers of the ladies, they were allowed to
catch the ball and then throw it back into play.

After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first
exhibition match in 1896, played at the Springfield YMCA, the game quickly became known as
volleyball (it was originally spelled as two words: "volley ball"). Volleyball rules were slightly
modified by the Springfield YMCA and the game spread around the country to other YMCA
locations.

In 1900, a ball was made specifically for the new game. The rules
have evolved over time; by 1916, the skill and power of the set and
Source: spike had been introduced, and four years later a "three hits" rule and
https://www.dr back row hitting guidelines were established. In 1917, the game was
eamstime.com/ changed from 21 to 15 points. In 1919, American Expeditionary
royalty-free-
stock-image- Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to their troops and allies: this
volleyball- provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball outside the United
ball- States.
image1787949
6
The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was
Canada in 1900. An international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB),
was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for

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women. Volleyball was added to the program of the Olympic Games in 1964. The sport is now
popular in Brazil, in Europe (where especially Italy, the Netherlands and countries from Eastern
Europe have been major forces since the late 1980s), in Russia, and in other countries including
China and the rest of Asia, as well in as the United States.

Elwood Brown, The Director of YMCA in Manila introduced volleyball in the Philippines
in 1910. After a few years volleyball became instantly popular not only in Manila but also
throughout the country. A memorable event was held in Manila when the Philippines hosted the
Far Eastern Games in 1913 where the host country won the championship for both men and
women. The first National Open Volleyball championship was held in 1921 at the Meralco
Gymnasium. The Meralco team won the championship for men while the Philippines Normal
School won the championship for women.

Volleyball was first played internationally during the 1964 Tokyo Olympic, where the
Soviet Union won both titles. From 1964, volleyball has been one of the sporting events contested.

The Important dates and events in the development of the volleyball are as follows:

1900 - the year when the point system was adapted

1910 - Elwood Brown introduced volleyball in the Philippines

1912 - the year when rotation system was adapted

1917 - when 15 points was adapted

1964 - Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

1968 - National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their

fifteenth competitive sport.

1969 - The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to

its program.
1974 - The World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.

1975 - the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena,
Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley,
CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).

1977 - the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio
(moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).

1983 - the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.

1984 - the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the
Gold, and the Women the Silver.

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1986 - the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.

1987 - the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.

1988 - the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.

1989 - the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.

1990 - the World League was created.

1992 - the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.

1994 - Volleyball World Wide, the first internet site on the sport of volleyball, was
created.

1995 - the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!

VOLLEYBALL IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines had more influence over the style of modern volleyball than you might
think. In fact, Philippine volleyball players invented the set and spike. More than 800 million
people in the world play volleyball at least once a week, according to information from the
Westlake High School physical education department. This competitive sport burns 364 calories
per hour for a 200-pound person.

Origins

The history of volleyball in the Philippines dates to 1910. The Physical Director of the
YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced volleyball to the Philippines that year. Philippine
people began to play volleyball as a backyard sport and games of beach volleyball soon followed,
according to information from the Philippine Volleyball Federation, or PVF. Players hung the net
between two trees. They made up their own rules regarding how many players on each side and
how many times you could hit the ball before sending it over the net.

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Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association

The date July 4, 1961, marks the birth of the Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association.
The director for the Playground and Recreation Bureau, members of the business community and
others gathered to create an organized volleyball association in the Philippines. The Philippine
Amateur Volleyball Association was later named the Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association
and is currently called the Philippine Volleyball Federation. It is affiliated with and accredited by
the Philippine Olympic Committee, Asian Volleyball Confederation, and the Federation
International de Volleyball.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

A. Playing Court

1. Dimension. The playing court is rectangle measuring 18m x 9m surrounded by a free zone
at least 2m (3m in open court) and with a space free from any obstructions to a height at
least 7m from the playing surface. For official international competition, the free zone
shall measure at least 5m from the sidelines and 8m from the end lines. The free space
shall measure at least 12.5m in height from the playing surface.

2. Playing Surface. The surface must be flat, horizontal, and uniform. It must not present
any danger of injury to the players. It is forbidden to play on rough or slippery surfaces.
On indoor courts, the surface of the playing courts must be a light color, while on outdoor
courts a slope of 5mm per meter is allowed for drainage. Court lines made of solid
materials are forbidden.

3. Boundary Lines. All lines are 5mm in width. The lines must be light and of a different
color from the floor and any other lines. Two side lines and two end lines shall mark the
playing court. Both side and end lines are included in the 18m x 9m playing court.

4. Center Line. The axis of the center line divided playing court into two equal courts
measuring 9m x 9m each. This line extends, beneath the net from sideline to side line.

5. Zone Lines. Attack lines and front zones. On each court, the front is limited by the attack
line (its width included) 3m parallel to the middle of the center line. Beyond the side lines,
both attack lines and front are extended indefinitely.

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Source:
http://obeki.com/notes.p
hp?iid=134435029-
diagram+of+volleyball+
court&cid=6

B. Equipment

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1. Net: The net shall be made of 10cm square dark stitches. A rope is thread through the
bottom of the net and is tied to the poles to tense the net.

Source:
https://gesob562.blo
gspot.com/2021/04/
get-33-volleyball-
antenna-
measurement.html

2. Vertical Side Bands: Two tapes of white material 5cm wide and 1m long shall be
fastened, one on each side of the end of the net perpendicular to the intersection of the
respective sideline and to the axis of the center line. Both side bands shall be considered
as part of the net.

3. Antennae: Each is fastened on the outer edge of each vertical side band extending 80cm
above the top of the net on opposite side of the net. They are considered part of the net
and have a side limit.

4. Height of the Net: The height of the net shall be 2.43m for men and 2.24m for women.
The height of the net shall be measured from the center of the playing court with a
measuring rod. The two ends of the net (over the side lines) must be the same height from
the playing surface and may not exceed the regulation height by more than 2cm.

5. Poles: Two poles, preferably adjustable, round, and smooth, with a height of 2.55m
support the net, one at each side. They must be fixed to the playing surface at a distance
of between 0.05 and 1.00m, from the sideline. Fixing the poles to the floor by means of
wires must be prohibited.

6. Ball: The ball shall be spherical, made of flexible leather case with a bladder inside made
of rubber or a similar material. The circumference is 65 to 67cm. Its weight
Source: is 260 to 280 grams. The inside pressure should be 194 to 319 mbar. All
https://mikasasport.
eu/volleyball- balls used during the match must have the same characteristics regarding
mikasa-v200w-
new-official-match-
circumference, weight pressure, and type.
ball

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7. Player’s Equipment: These consist of jersey shorts, knee pads, and sports shoes. Shorts
must be uniform, clean, and of the same color. Shoes must be Source:
light and pliable with rubber or leather soles without heels. https://peo
Player’s jerseys must be numbered from 1- 15 (preferably 1-12). plepill.com
/people/wil
A player is forbidden to wear any object that may cause injury to liam-g-
a player, such as jewelry, pins, bracelets, and the like. morgan

PARTICIPANTS AND OFFICIAL, THEIR DUTIES AND

RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Officials
1. Referee – seated or standing on a referee’s stand located at the end of the net.
- Direct match from the start until end
- Has the authority over all officials and members of the team
- His decision is final. Authorized to overrule the decisions of the other officials
if he notices that they are mistaken.
- He performs the toss with the team captains.
- Decides upon the faults of the server and of the positions of the serving team
- Decides upon the faults in playing the ball, the faults above the net and at its
upper part.

2. Umpire or 2nd Referee – stands outside the playing court near the post on the opposite
side facing the referee
- Assistant of the 1st referee and has his own range of jurisdiction.
- He may replace 1st referee if he cannot continue his work.
- He may signal faults outside his jurisdiction but not insists on them to the 1st
referee
- He controls the work of the scorer
- During the match, he whistles and signals positional faults of the receiving
teams, like:
a. Contact of the players with the net and the antennae.
b. Penetration into the opponent’s court and the space under the
net.
c. The attack-hit or blocks faults of the back row players.
d. The ball that crosses the net outside the crossing space into the
opponent’s court or touches the antennae on his side of the court;
and
e. The contact of the ball with outside object or with the floor when
the 1st referee is not in position to see the contact.

3. Scorer – seated at the scorer table on the opposite side of the court facing the 1st referee
- Keeps the score sheet according to the rules, cooperating with the 2nd referee;
- Records the points scored and ensure that the scoreboard indicates the correct
score.
- He controls the serving order of each team and indicates any error to the
referees immediately after the service hit.

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- Records the time outs and player substitutions, controlling their number and
informs the 2nd referee.

4. Line Judges or Linesmen – they stand in the free zones at 1m to 3m from each corner
(4-line judges) of the court, on the imaginary extension of the line that they control.
- They signal if the ball is “in” or “out”
- They signal if any player (except the server) steps outside of her playing court
at the moment of the service hit.
- They signal the foot faults of the server

Source:
http://www.visual
dictionaryonline.c
om/sports-
games/ball-
sports/volleyball/c
ourt.php

Location of match officials and players positions

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B. Players
1. A team is composed of maximum of 12 players
2. Each team has the options to register among the final list of 12 player’s one (1)
specialized defensive player “Libero”.
3. Only the players recorded on the score sheet may participate in the match.
4. They are seated at their own team bench beside the scorer’s table.
5. Those in the playing court assume the position as LF (left forward), CF (center
forward), RF (right forward, RB (right back), CB (center back), LB (left back)

Source:
http://www.kids-
sports-
activities.com/volleyb
all-rules.html

Players position and rotational inside the court

C. The Libero
- Each team has the right to designate from the list of players on the score sheet
up to two (2) specialized defensive players.
- All liberos must be recorded on the score sheet before the match in the special
lines reserved for this.
- The Libero is allowed to replace any player in a back row position.
- He/she is restricted to perform as a back row player and is not allowed to
complete an attack hit from anywhere (including playing court and free zones)
if at the moment of the contact, the ball is entirely higher that the top of the
net.
- He/she may not serve, block, or attempt to block.

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- A player may not complete an attack hit from higher than the top of the net,
if the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by the Libero is his/her
front zone. The ball may be freely attacked if the Libero makes the same
action from outside his/her front zone.

D. Team Captain – should be indicated in the score sheet and identified inside the court. If
not in the court, another player will be designated as team captain.
- He should sign the score sheet before and after the game.
- He should represent his team in the toss.

E. Coach - throughout the match, he conducts the play of his team from outside the playing
court. He selects the starting line ups, their substitutes and takes time outs for giving
instructions. He contacting officials is 2nd referee.
- He requests time out and substitutions.

F. Assistant Coach - he sits on the team but has no right to intervene in the match.
- Should the coach have to leave, he may at the request of the game captain
with the authorization of the 1st referee, assume coach’s functions.

RULES ON THE PLAYING FORMAT

A. TO SCORE A POINT
1. Playing Fault – during the volleyball match, when the team makes a playing action
contrary to the rules, or otherwise violates them, a playing fault is whistled by one of
the referees. The referees judge the faults and determine the penalties according to the
rules.
a. If two or more faults are committed successively, only the first one is counted.
b. If two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously a double fault
is called, and the rally is replayed.

2. Consequence of a Fault - the consequence of a fault is a loss of rally: the opponent

of the team committing the fault wins the rally with a point. If the opposing team
receives the service, it gains the right to serve and scores a point.

B. TO WIN A SET
A set of volleyball game is won by the team that scores first 25 points with a minimum
lead of two points. In case of a 24-24 tie, play continued until a two point lead is achieved (26-24,
27-25….).

C. TO WIN THE MATCH

1. The match in a volleyball game is won by the team that wins three sets out of five sets
per game
2. In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding set (the 5th set) is played to 15 points with a
minimum lead of 2 points.

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RULES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE GAME

A. THE TOSS
Before the match, the first referee carries out a toss to decide upon the first service and the
sides of the court in the first set. If a deciding set is to be played. A new toss will be carried
out. The toss is taken in the presence of the two team captains.
The winner of the toss chooses:
Either
1. The right to serve or to receive the service, or
2. The side of the court
The loser takes the remaining choice.
B. THE SERVE
1. Server must serve from behind the restraining line (end line) until after the contact.
2. Ball may be served underhand or overhand.
3. Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.
4. Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point.
5. First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the
previous game loser.
6. Serve must be returned by the bump only. No setting or attacking a serve.

C. STATE OF PLAY
1. Ball in play – the ball is in play from the moment of the hit of the service authorized by
the first referee
2. Ball out of play – the ball is out of play at the moment of the fault which is whistled by
the referee. The ball is also out of play in the absence of the fault before the moment of
the whistle by the referee to begin the game.
3. Ball “in” – the ball is “in” when it touches the floor at the playing court including the
boundary.
4. Ball “out” – the ball is “out” when:
a. The part of the ball which contacts the floor is completely outside the boundary
lines.
b. It touches an object outside the court, the ceiling, or a person out of play.
c. It touches the antennae, ropes, post, or outside the side bands.
d. It crosses the vertical plane of the net totally or even partly outside the crossing
space during the service or into opponent’s court.
e. It crosses completely the lower space under the net.
D. ROTATION
1. Team will rotate each time they win the serve.
2. Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.
3. There shall be 4-6 players on each side.

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E. BASIC PLAYING ACTIONS

1. Each team consists of six players.
2. Maximum of three hits per side.
3. Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).
4. Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.
5. A ball touching a boundary line is good.
6. A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which
does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.
7. If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the
players involved may not participate in the next play.
8. A player must not block or attack a serve.
9. Switching positions will allow only between front line players (after the serve only).

F. BASIC VIOLATION
1. Stepping on or over the line on a serve.
2. Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
3. Hitting the ball illegally (carrying, palming, throwing, etc.).
4. Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is
driven into the net with such force that cause the net to contact an opposing player, no
foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.
5. Reaching over the net, except under these conditions:
a. When executing a follow-through.
b. When blocking a ball which is in the opponent’s court but is being returned (the
blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponents who is attempting to
return the ball makes contact. Except to block the third play.
6. Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player).
7. Failure to serve in the correct order.
8. Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a
back row position.

Volleyball Lingo Translation

1. “Ace” When the ball is served to the other side team, and no one touches it.
2. “Side out” When the team that served the ball makes a mistake, causing the ball
to go to the other team
3. “Roof” When the player jumps above the height of the net and block the ball.
4. “Stuff” When the player jumps about to the height of the net, blocks the ball, and
the ball goes back at the person who attacked (spiked) the ball.
5. “Dig” When a player makes a save from a very hard difficult spike.
6. “Kill” When a team spikes the ball and it either ends in a point or a side out.

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BASIC SKILLS

I. Service - is the act of putting the ball into play by the back right player, placed in a service
zone.
- The ball must be thrown in the air (or released) before being hit.
- It cannot be served while resting on the other hand.
- At the moment the ball is hit, the server must either
be standing in, or have just bumped from, the
service zone. After hitting the ball, the server Source:
must step onto the court. http://clipart-
- The referee should whistle and signal for service as library.com/clipart
/19-5iR9eb4ia.htm
soon as the player is ready to play.
- The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after
the first referee whistles for the service.
Failure to do so is a fault and the team will lose
service.
- A service executed before the referee’s whistle is cancelled and repeated.

TYPES OF SERVICE
1. Underhand Service

A.

Source:
http://p1cdn4stati
c.sharpschool.co
m/UserFiles/Serv
ers/Server_2024
0639/File/Volley
ball%20Underha
nd%20Serve%20
%20critical%20e
lements.pdf

Stand approximately 2’ from the baseline, facing the net. The ball must be served in an
upward direction. The player must see to it that he/she is not so close with the baseline
because it will decrease his serving efficiency.
B. Spread the feet shoulder width to assure a good balance with the left foot “4” to 8” in
advance of the right (for the right-handed server)
C. Relax the body with the knees, hips and trunks slightly flexed.

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BALL HAND CONTACT

a. The body weight is on the right foot. The left slides forward 6” -12”. On the near
completion of the stride, the ball is hit out of the hand.
b. The ball is hit the heel of the hand and the inside of the wrist, slightly below the center
of axis of the ball. (see the illustration)
c. The ball should be sharply contacted with heel of the hand to minimize follow-through.

2. The Overhand Serve

Source:
https://app.ema
ze.com/@AIQ
QQICF#2

BALL HAND CONTACT

a. The heel of the hand provides a compact striking surface, which helps eliminate spin.
It is also digs into the ball, causing it to vibrate while in the air. Ball-hand contact must
be solid and sharp. The hand remains loose by hyper-extended through the serve.
b. Contact must be in the center of the ball. Striking the ball above the midline will create
topspin and cause the ball to drop into the net. Striking below the midline will results
in backspin and unduly high trajectory.

Serving Tips
1. Always pause for several seconds before serving.
2. Prepare mentally before doing the act of serving.
3. Focus on an area of the court or person where the ball must be projected to land.
4. Direct the serve approximately 2’-3’ above the net. This service provides a light margin
for error.
5. Develop a personal serving pattern.
6. Concentrate on your personal serving pattern until it becomes automatic.
7. Never take your eyes off the ball.
8. The overhand service is called the tennis serve.

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II. Passing/Passes or Reception-Generally

It used to catch the ball and put the ball forward the other players belonging to their
own team. This helps the player to move the ball toward the other players of the same
team that aid in winning the game.

Types of Passes
1. Forearm Pass – sometimes referred as the “bump” or dig is used when playing served
ball and hard-driven spikes. It also used for passing any ball that cannot be legally be
handles by the overhand passing technique.

Source
Source https://volle
https://volle yball-
yball- basics.weebl
basics.weebl y.com/bump
y.com/bump .html
.html

The bump The floor dig

BODY POSITION

1. Spread the feet at shoulder width with one Source

https://volle
foot slightly ahead of the other. yball-
2. Shift the body weight to the balls of the basics.weebl
other foot while raising the heels slightly y.com/bump
.html
off the floor.
3. Position the trunk in a vertical manner and
extend hands and arms loosely in front of
the body with the body relaxed.

Source
https://volle
yball-
basics.weebl
y.com/bump
.html

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BALL HAND CONTACT

Source
https://sde.ok.g
A. Absorption – this is facilitated by conscious ov/sites/default
relaxation of the arms and hands. /files/document
s/files/S2.H2G
LO9-
B. Acceleration – is the application of forward 12ForearmPass
momentum to the ball as it reverses direction. .docx%20%28
1%29.pdf
1. Contact the ball of the forearms of the loosely extended arms 2” to 6” above the waist.
2. Reach after the ball. Check to be sure the legs are flexed
to 90 degree, forearms are parallel to the thighs, and
arms are loosely extended.
3. Watch the ball up, during and after contact, keeping the Source:
https://peo
ball with line of vision. plepill.com
4. The arms remain straight and almost parallel to the floor /people/wil
during the ball contact. liam-g-
morgan
5. In the case of hard driven spike, prepare for the speed of
contact of the incoming ball, which will determine ball
control.

You may click this YT link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9mQNIUMpIY&t=33s to

watch an instructional & demonstration video on how to execute bump pass correctly.

2. The overhand Pass – is still the primary pass used in handling balls that are lobbed across
the net, and in setting the ball for a spiking attempt.
- Provides a greater opportunity for accuracy that does the forearm pass, because
more control points
result from the
positioning of the
fingers on the ball,
and it gives an
extended absorption
and acceleration
period.

BODY POSITION
AND SKILL
BREAKDOWN

Source:
https://ww
w.pinterest
.ph/pin/687
29137591/

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A. Ready Position – The body must be in proper position, with the vertical midline of the
body in a direct line with the ball. This position facilitates consistency and provides for a
legal pass under current rule interpretation. The position of the lower body is identical to
that required in the forearm pass.

B. Playing Position
1. Spread the feet at shoulder width with one slightly in front of the other foot and the
body weight on the balls of the feet. All movements are forward as the ball is played.
2. Form 90-degree squat position, additional leg flexion aids in absorption, and extending
the legs during the release of the ball facilitates acceleration.

BALL CONTACT
A. Ball Positioning. In this phase, the ball is contacted directly 6” in front and above the
forehead. Any variance to either side may result to infraction of the rules because the ball
may be redirected or thrown away.
B. Finger Positioning. The fingers positioning must always be consisted upon contact to make
the pass accurate. It must he relaxed for absorption and for maximum length of contact.

Click this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX49gLs6piU to watch a YT video on

how to execute overhand pass

3. Blocking - refers to the actions taken by players standing at the net to stop or alter an
opponent’s attack.
- Classified according to the number of players involved. Thus, one may speak of
single (or solo), double, or triple block.
- A block that is aimed at completely stopping an attack, thus making the ball remain
in the opponents’ court, is called offensive.

BODY POSITIONING AND BALL CONTACT

- A well-executed offensive block is performed by jumping and reaching to penetrate with
one’s arms and hands
over the net and into
the opponents’ area.
- The jump should be
timed to intercept the
ball’s trajectory prior
Source:
to it crossing over the https://volley
net. ball-
- Palms are held basics.weebly
.com/block.ht
deflected downward ml
about 45-60 degree
toward the interior of
the opponents’ court.

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These YT links https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UForevjCu2Y and

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=10&v=avD5UvMudJ0&feature=emb_logo
will lead to an example and tips on to execute the blocking properly.

4. Attack Hit – are playing actions that make the volleyball game exiting.

A Volleyball Spike, or Attack, usually follows a Set or a Pass as the third contact a
team makes with the volleyball. The object of a Spike is so that the ball lands on the
opponent’s court and cannot be defended. The player makes a series of steps (called the
approach), jumps, and swings at the ball. Contact with the ball should be made at the apex of
the hitter’s jump, and at the moment of contact, the hitter’s arm is fully extended above the
hitter’s head and slightly forward. This results in the highest possible contact while delivering
a powerful hit.

Soruce
https://ww
w.twinkl.c
o.za/illustr
ation/spike
-shot-
technique-
sequence-
volleyball-
sports-pe-
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bw-rgb

Click this YT link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNWenHIzaT8 to watch a

demonstration and different drill on how to execute attack hit.

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REFEREE’S HAND SIGNALS

Authorization to serve Time – out

(Move the hand to indicate Team to serve Change of court (Place the palm over the
the direction of the service) (Extend the arm to the side (Raise the forearms front and finger of the other, held
of the team that will serve) back and twist them around vertically – forming a “T”)
the body)

Substitution Misconduct Warning or Expulsion Dinsqualification

(Circular motion of the Misconduct Penalty (Show red card for expulsion) (Show both card for
foreamrs around each other) (Verbal or hand signa show disqualification)
a yellow card for penalty)

End of Set Ball not Tossed or

(Cross the forearms in front Released at the service Delay in Service Blocking Fault
of the chest, hands open) heat (Raise eight fingers, spread (raise both arms vertically,
(Lift the suspended arm, the open) palms forward)
pal, of the hand facing
upward)

Positional or Rotation fault Ball “In” Ball “Out” Catch

(Make a circular motion (Point the arm and fingers (Raise the forearm vertically (Slowly hit the forearm
with the forefinger) towards the floor) hands open, palms towards palm of the hand facing
the body upwards)

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Four Hits Reaching beyond the Net

Double Contact (Raise four fingers, spread Net touched by a player or (Place a hand above the net
(Raise two fingers, spread open) a Serve ball palm facing downward)
open) (Touch the top of the net or
its side, according to the
fault)

Attack hit by a back row

player or on the opponents Penetration into the oppents Double fault and replay Ball touched
service court or ball crossing the (Raise the thumbs vertically) (Brush with the pal, of one
(Make a donward motion with lower space hand the fingers of the other
the forearm, hand open) (Point to the center line) hand, held vertically)

Flag Signals
For Line Judges
Delay warning/Delay Penalty Ball “in” Ball “out”
(Cover the wrist with left palm (Point down with flag) (Raise flag verticaly)
(warning) yellow (penalty) card

Ball passing outside the Judment impossible

Ball touched crossing space or sever’s foot (Raise and cross both arms
(Raise the flag and touch the fault and hands in front of the
top with the palm of the hand) (Wave flag over the head and chest
point to the antennae or the
end line

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For other resources of referee’s hand signals, you may also click this link
http://www.fivb.org/en/refereeing-rules/Documents/FIVB-
Volleyball_Hand%20Signals_2017_2010-Poster-EN-v04.pdf

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References

Dearing, J. (2019). Volleyball fundamental- 2nd edition. Retrieved January 5, 2022, from
https://www.pdfdrive.com/volleyball-fundamentals-2nd-edition-d187782589.html

Mood, D.P., Musker, F.F., & Rink, J.E. (2012) Sports and Recreational Activities. 15th Edition.
McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York: USA

Schmidt, B (2016). Volleyball steps to success. Retrieved January 5, 2022, from

https://www.pdfdrive.com/volleyball-steps-to-success-e167173406.html

Official volleyball rules 2017-2020 (2016). Retrieved January 5, 2022, from

http://www.fivb.org/en/refereeing-rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-
EN-v06.pdf

_____Volleyball referee’s hand signals. Retrieved January 5, 2022, from

http://www.fivb.org/en/refereeing-rules/Documents/FIVB-
Volleyball_Hand%20Signals_2017_2010-Poster-EN-v04.pdf

Weinblatt, Victoria (Oct. 17, 2011). Retrieved January 5, 2022, from.

http://www.livestrong.com/article/547855-the-history-of-volleyball-in-the-philippines/

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