SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR

NAT REVIEWER
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Name: _____________________________________________ Grade/ Sec: _____________ Score: ________

Direction: Read the questions carefully, Choose the correct answer by writing the letters on the space provided

_____ 1. What is a Goldilocks zone?

a. It is the area that receives most of the heat and light _____ 12. What causes the plates to move?
coming from the sun. a. Ocean currents c. Movement in the core
b. It is the area that has the strongest magnetic field. b. Large machines d. Convection in the
c. It is the area that has the strongest gravitational pull. mantle
d. It is the area that receives enough energy to allow water
to exist as a liquid on its surface. _____ 13. Magma with a high silica content tends to be:
a. very hot
_____ 2. What is the role of the moon in making Earth as the only b. very smelly
planet to sustain life? c. very viscous
a. It causes extreme temperatures. d. also very unwelcome at a party.
b. It causes very high and low tides.
c. It causes stability of the Earth’s rotation. _____ 14. Which of these is not a common gas in magma?
d. It causes irregular days and nights. a. water vapor c. sulfur dioxide
b. carbon dioxide d. methane
_____ 3. Which sphere maintains the ecosystem?
a. Atmosphere c. Geosphere _____ 15. Which type of metamorphism is associated with mountain
b. Biosphere d. Hydrosphere building?
a. contact c. regional
_____ 4. Which of the following best illustrates the interaction b. burial d. foliated
between hydrosphere and atmosphere?
a. Flowing lava c. Falling leaves _____ 16. A non-foliated contact metamorphic rock is called a ___.
b. Boy catching fish d. Evaporating water a. phyllite c. hornfels
b. schist d. gneiss
_____ 5. A mineral is harder than glass but softer than steel. What
must it be? _____ 17. A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at
a. talc c. calcite or below the surface of the earth
b. quartz d. feldspar a. Metamorphic rock c. Sedimentary rocks
b. Igneous rock d. Minerals
_____ 6. What property does the Mohs Scale measure?
a. luster c. hardness _____ 18. Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface
b. density d. specific gravity a. Extrusive rock c. Intrusive rocks
b. Sedimentary rock d. Minerals
_____ 7. What type of rock is formed when molten rock cools and
solidifies? _____ 19. It is the change in a solid's shape caused by the application
a. igneous c. sedimentary of a stress.
b. metamorphic d. mineral a. Stress c. Fault
b. Strain d. Folds
_____ 8. What type of rock is formed when heat and pressure are
applied to a rock? _____ 20. What type of fault is shown?
a. igneous c. sedimentary
b. metamorphic d. mineral

_____ 9. Which CANNOT be considered as an active agent of erosion

in the Philippines?
a. wind c. gravity
b. water d. glacier a. Normal Fault c. Strike-slip Fault
b. Reverse Fault d. Shear
_____ 10. What is the major force that causes mass wasting of soil and
rock materials? _____ 21. How does Earth differ from its twin planet Venus?
a. uplift c. friction a. Earth has a medium-layered atmosphere while Venus has
b. thrust d. gravity a thin atmosphere.
b. Earth has a lower surface temperature than Venus.
_____ 11. What drives the Earth's internal heat engine? c. Earth’s distance from the sun is nearer compared to
a. radioactivity c. volcanoes Venus.
b. solar energy d. ocean tides d. Earth is bigger in radius than Venus.
 c. It is formed from other rocks that have been squeezed
_____ 22. How does the core help in sustaining life on our planet? and heated for a long time deep within the earth’s crust.
a. It creates magnetic field that protects living things from d. It is formed when hot lava from a volcano contains gases
cosmic rays. that escape from the rock as the lava cools.
b. It regulates the temperature inside the earth.
c. It facilitates the formation of magma. _____ 31. Which of the following best describes the process to form
d. It supplies the people with enough iron to fight common sedimentary rocks?
diseases. a. Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b. Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from
_____ 23. The Earth is the only planet in the solar system that supports pressure.
life. Which of these best explains the statement? c. Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn
I. The Earth is exposed to the sun’s rays. rocks into new rocks.
II. The Earth has only one moon that orbits around it. d. Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and
III. The Earth rotates in its axis. solidifies.
IV. The Earth has breathable atmosphere.
_____ 32. Which of the following describes the marble?
a. II, III IV b. I, II,III c. I, II, IV d. I, II, II IV a. It has ribbon like layers
b. It has glassy, very sharp
_____ 24. How does interaction happen between geosphere and
c. It has crystals, with swirl pattern
hydrosphere during volcanic eruption?
d. It has dull appearance, may contain fossils
a. Volcano spews ashes and gases in the air.
b. Volcanic eruption increases precipitation.
_____ 33. Which statement is true about all agents of erosion?
c. Magma reaches the crater.
a. They transfer large sediments faster than smaller ones.
d. People living nearby evacuates prior volcanic
b. They erode moist materials more easily than dry
eruption.
materials.
_____ 25. Which is TRUE about the Earth’s atmosphere? c. They pick up sediments only when they have enough
I. It holds water and air. energy.
II. It comprises oceans and ozone layer. d. They carry rock materials from a lower elevation to a
III. It is mostly made up of oxygen and nitrogen. higher elevation.
IV. It allows volcanic activities.
a. I,II b. I, II,III c. I,III d. I, II, II IV _____ 34. Surface run-off brings fine rock particles from land to bodies
of water. Which process is being described by this
_____ 26. No single living creature could exist on Earth without statement?
hydrosphere. Which of them following statements is the a. erosion c. chemical weathering
function of hydrosphere? b. mass wasting d. mechanical weathering
I. Redirects the rotation of the planet
II. Absorbs and interact with harmful solar rays _____ 35. A seed germinates in a rock’s small crack. The growing root
III. Controls the distribution of minerals, rocks and soil eventually splits the rock into two. What exogenic process is
IV. Sustains life forms by regulating heat on earth demonstrated by this?
a. I, II b. I, II,III c. I, II, II IV d. I, a. mechanical weathering c. erosion
b. chemical weathering d. deposition
_____ 27. A synthetic diamond is prepared in a laboratory by placing
_____ 36. Starting with the outermost layer, which of the following is
carbon under high pressure. Is this laboratory-made
the order of the Earth’s layers?
diamond a mineral?
a. Core, mantle, crust
a. Yes, because it is still made up of inorganic substance.
b. Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, inner core
b. Yes, because it still has a definite chemical composition.
c. Mantle, inner crust, core
c. No, because it is made up of carbon atoms.
d. Crust, inner core, mantle
d. No, because it is not made through a natural process.
_____ 37. How does heat move?
_____ 28. Why is color not a very useful property in mineral
a. from a warmer to a cooler object
identification?
b. from a cooler to a warmer object
a. because some minerals are clear or colorless
c. toward a hot object
b. because each mineral has its own distinct color
d. away from a cold object
c. because same minerals can have different colors
d. because the color of a mineral can be different from its _____ 38. Which of these combines with changes in a fluid’s density
streak and the force of gravity to set convection currents in motion?
a. evaporation of a fluid
_____ 29. What characteristics must a substance possess to be
b. condensation of a fluid
considered a mineral?
c. freezing and melting of a solid
I. It must be inorganic.
d. heating and cooling of a fluid
II. It must be hard and compact.
III. It must be naturally found in nature. _____ 39. Magma is a molten and semi-molten rock mixture found
IV. It must be solid at room temperature. under the surface of the Earth. This mixture is usually made
a. I, II and III only c. I, III and IV only up of four parts:
b. II, III and IV only d. I, II and IV only I. a hot liquid base, called the melt;
II. minerals crystallized by the melt;
_____ 30. How does the Obsidian formed? III. solid rocks incorporated into the melt from the
a. It is formed when lava on surface quickly cooled surrounding confines;
b. It is formed when limestone is exposed to heat and IV. dissolved gases.
pressure.
a. I, II III b. II, III, IV c. I, II, IV d. I, II, II, IV
 _____ 47. Occurs when explosive eruptions blast the lava into the air
_____ 40. Magmatism is the process of magma formation. Which of the resulting in fragmental, typically glassy material which fall as
following involves in the process? volcanic ash, lapilli and volcanic bombs.
I. Magma is created when hot, liquid rock intrudes into a. Glassy or vitreous c. Pegmatitic
Earth’s cold crust. b. Pyroclastic d. Aphanitic
II. As the liquid rock solidifies, it loses its heat to the
surrounding crust. This transfer of heat is able to melt the _____ 48. In 1990, Baguio earthquake destroys many infrastructures
surrounding rock into magma. and kills almost 1600 peoples. Which of the following is the
III. Flux melting occurs when water or carbon dioxide are type of fault that causes the earthquake?
added to rock. These compounds cause the rock to melt a. normal fault c. strike-slip fault
at lower temperatures. b. reverse fault d. none of the above
IV. The Magma then solidifies and turns into lava
_____ 49. When two tectonic plates collide, the continental crust
a. I, II III b. II, III, IV c. I, II, IV d. I, II, II, IV
usually rise up over the oceanic crust. What is the reason
behind this?
_____ 41. Which of the following is TRUE about magmatism?
a. Denser than continental crust
a. Some deep, underground rocks are so hot that a drop in
b. Thicker than continental crust
pressure can cause them to form magma.
c. Thinner than continental crust
b. Deep in Earth's interior, most of Earth's mantle is molten,
d. Less dense than oceanic crust
liquid magma.
c. Magma is forced quickly toward Earth's surface because
_____ 50. What type of stress is shown?
it is denser than the rock around it
d. Water vapor in magma usually produces volcanoes that
erupt quietly with lava that flows smoothly

_____ 42. Which of the following sequences describes the

metamorphic changes in a shale with increasing
metamorphic grade?
a. gneiss -> slate -> schist a. Tension c. Confining
b. gneiss -> schist -> slate b. Shear d. Compression
c. schist -> gneiss -> slate
d. slate -> schist -> gneiss _____ 51. What is any evidence of ancient life called?
A. half - life B. a fossil
_____ 43. A geologist concludes that a particular metamorphic rock C. unconformity D. disconformity
formed at high pressure. Which feature of the rock most
likely led to this conclusion? _____ 52. Which of the following conditions makes fossil formation
a. It contains dense minerals. more likely?
b. Its parent rock contained large sediments. A. buried slowly B. attacked by scavengers
c. Its layers have been pulled and lengthened. C. made of hard parts D. composed of soft parts
d. It was found in close association with intrusive igneous
rock. _____ 53. To say “the present is the key to the past “is a way to
describe which of the following principles?
_____ 44. Which of the following is TRUE about Metamorphism?
A. Superposition B. Succession
a. It is the isochemical process by which rocks are changed
C. Radioactivity D. Uniformitarianism
by either heat or pressure, or both heat and pressure.
b. As temperature increases, the rate of metamorphic
_____ 54. Which process forms new elements?
reactions is decreases.
A. Superposition B. Permineralization
c. The higher the pressure, the lower the degree of
C. Uniformitarianism D. Radioactive decay
metamorphism.
d. Pressure and temperature conditions that produce
_____ 55. In one type of radioactive decay, which of the following
metamorphism must have to exist over short periods of
breaks down, releasing an electron?
time to create a reaction.
A. Alpha particle B. proton
C. beta particle D. neutron
_____ 45. Granite is a light-colored igneous rock with grains large
enough to be visible with the unaided eye. Because of its
_____ 56. What is referred to as the age compared with the ages of
quality and aesthetic features, which of the following is the
other rocks?
uses of granite?
A. Extrusions B. Intrusions
a. vases and other decorative artwork.
C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age
b. building construction, kitchen countertops and for statues.
c. It is used in jewelry.
_____ 57. What do you call the number of years since the rock
d. It is used as an abrasive.
formed?
A. Extrusions B. Intrusions
_____ 46. This type of textures occur during some volcanic eruptions C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age
when the lava is quenched so rapidly that crystallization
cannot occur. The result is a natural amorphous glass with _____ 58. Which of the following principles explains how layers of
few or no crystals. Examples include obsidian and pumice. sedimentary rock extend sideways in the same order?
a. Glassy or vitreous c. Pegmatitic A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
b. Porphyritic d. Aphanitic C. Horizontality D. Unconformity
_____ 59. Which of the following principles explains how sedimentary a. Ballistic projectile
rocks are normally laid down in order, one on the top of b. Pyroclastic Flow and surges
another? c. Volcanic bombs
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity d. Lahar
C. Horizontality D. Unconformity
_____ 74. Which among these are rocks from an erupting volcano
_____ 60. Which of the following principles explains how sedimentary blasted into the air?
rocks are laid down in flat (horizontal) layers, although a. Ashfall c. Pyroclastic
these can later tilt and fold? b. Lahar Material d. Ballistic projectile
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
C. Horizontality D. Unconformity _____ 75. Which of the following is a potential hazard of landslide?
a. falling rocks c. ground breaking
_____ 61. How many eras does Phanerozoic eon have? b. mudflow d. falling debris
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d. 4
_____ 76. What is another term for landslide?
_____ 62. Which of the following happened during the Precambrian a. Lava flow c. Landslip
Eon? b. Debris Avalanche d. Rock fall
a. Rise of amphibians.
b. Flowering plants dominate the land. _____ 77. Which of the following is NOT a sign of a possible
c. Formation of Earth. landslide?
d. Marine animals flourish the seawater. a. Trees or walls shifting
b. Door/window jams for the first time
_____ 63. What animals dominated during Paleozoic Era? c. Parking or paved driveways lots slowly beginning to
a. Fish c. Birds crack
b. Dinosaur d. Primates d. Two full moons two nights in a row

_____ 64. Which among the following best describes the Cenozoic _____ 78. Which of the following is NOT the use of hazard map?
Era? a. Use for leisure.
a. Age of Reptiles c. Age of Man b. Use to identify flood areas.
b. of Age Amphibians d. Age of Fish c. To be informed if you are vulnerable to a landslide.
d. Shows highlighted areas that is risky to any hazards.
_____ 65. In what era is there mass extinction?
a. Paleozoic Era c. Cenozoic Era _____ 79. Another step in being prepared for a landslide is the same
b. Mesozoic Era d. Protozoic Era as with the danger of fire; making an evacuation plan.
When is it best to make this evacuation plan?
_____ 66. Approximately, what is the age of Earth according to the a. While your house is slipping down a hill
records? b. As soon as possible, if not done already
a. 2 billion years old c. 4.6 billion years old c. I don’t need an evacuation plan
b. 3.6 billion years old d. 6 billion years old d. Whenever you have time; the chances of a landslide
are very slim.
_____ 67. What is the longest portion of the geologic time?
a. Eon b. Era c. Period d. Epoch _____ 80. After a danger has passed, make sure to check your local
radio or weather station for updates on landslide. Which of
_____ 68. Which is not a period under the Paleozoic Era? the following do you NOT have do after returning home?
a. Devonian c. Permian a. Check foundation and chimney for damage
b. Carboniferous d. Tertiary b. Keep all electronics turned off for a month
c. Replant ruined land
_____ 69. Which is the most dominant organisms during the d. Stabilize land as soon as possible
Mesozoic era?
a. Humans c. Birds _____ 81. Which of the following is a correct definition of coastal
b. Dinosaur d. Primates zone?
a. It is where people spend their vacation.
_____ 70. In what period of the Paleozoic era did jawed fish first b. It is where destructive waves are common.
appeared? c. It is where land meets the sea.
a. Cambrian c. Devonian d. It is where sharks and whales are observed.
b. Silurian d. Permian

_____ 71. What do you call a mudflow formed from a mixture of

volcanic water and rock fragments? _____ 82. Which of the following is NOT an example of the coastal
a. Pyroclastic Material c. Lava processes?
b. Lahar d. Volcanic Bombs A. Deposition C. Plucking
B. Erosion D. Transportation

_____ 72. What happens when groundwater is mixed with ground soil _____ 83. Which of the following are examples of coastal erosion?
making the soil less stable? A. Corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and
a. Liquefaction c. Ground subsidence suspension.
b. Lava d. Landslides B. Corrasion, abrasion, wave action, attrition and
corrosion/solution
_____ 73. Which among these is a mixture of ash, rock fragments C. Corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and
and gas that move fast and made up of hot materials that corrosion/solution
leave devastating effects on the area in which they flow?
 D. Corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and
traction _____ 95. Large amounts of sand are added to beaches to build
them up and help absorb wave energy, this practice is
_____ 84. Which type of coastal erosion involves destructive waves known as what?
picking up beach material hurling them at the base of a A. Beach Nourishment C. Groynes
cliff? B. Managed Retreat D. Sea Wall
A. Corrasion C. Attrition _____ 96. When Cages of wire filled with rocks are placed to absorb
B. Hydraulic action D. Abrasion the wave’s energy, this coastal management is known as
what?
_____ 85. It’s also known as the sandpaper effect that involves A. Gabions C. Sea Wall
breaking waves containing sand and bigger fragments B. Groynes D. Rip Rap
eroding the base of a cliff.
A. Corrasion C. Attrition _____ 97. Which of the following is described when cliffs are
B. Hydraulic action D. Abrasion covered in matting and vegetation planted to help make
them more stable and resistant to erosion?
_____ 86. Kind of coastal erosion that involves waves hitting the A. Groynes C. Rip Rap
bottom of the cliff causing air to be compressed in cracks, B. Cliff Stabilization D. Gabions
joints and folds in bedding planes leading to repeated
changes in air pressure. As air rushes out of the cliff when _____ 98. What type of coastal management involves working with
the wave retreats it resulting to an explosive effect as nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to
pressure is released. This process is supported further by take back areas?
the weakening effect of weathering. The material breaks A. Hard Engineering C. Soft Engineering
off the cliffs and sometimes in huge chunks. B. Rip Rap D. Submersion
A. Corrasion C. Attrition
B. Hydraulic action D. Abrasion _____ 99. The following are all examples of Soft Engineering
EXCEPT?
_____ 87. Which type of coastal erosion occurs when waves cause A. Do Nothing C. Beach Nourishment
rocks and pebbles to bump into each other and break up? B. Sea Wall D. Cliff Stabilization
A. Corrasion C. Attrition
B. Hydraulic action D. Abrasion _____ 100. Which of the following involves building structures to
protect the coast?
_____ 88. Which type of coastal erosion occurs when certain types A. Submersion C. Soft Engineering
of cliff erode as a result of weak acids in the sea? B. Rip Rap D. Hard Engineering
A. Corrasion/ solution C. Corrasion
B. Hydraulic action D. Abrasion

_____ 89. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects rates of
coastal erosion?
A. Geology Prepared by: Mam Abhy
B. Strong winds blowing for a long time creating
destructive waves
C. The greenhouse effect
D. Wave fetch

_____ 90. How are waves created?

A. It is created by the rain
B. It is created by water cycle
C. It is created by people in ships
D. It is created by the wind blowing over the surface of the
sea

_____ 91. 1Which of the following is placed at the base of a cliff to

reflect the wave’s energy?
A. Gabions C. Sea Wall
B. Groynes D. Rip Rap

_____ 92. Which of the following allows the natural erosional

processes of the sea to occur, areas of low value land are
allowed to flood hopefully protecting more important areas
further down the coast?
A. Managed Retreat C. Rip Rap
B. Cliff Stabilization D. Sea Wall

_____ 93. Which does NOT belong to the group?

A. Groynes C. Rip Rap
B. Gabions D. Cliff Stabilization

_____ 94. The following all examples of Hard Engineering

EXCEPT?
A. Groynes C. Cliff Stabilization
B. Gabions D. Rip Rap