Igneous Rocks

Obsidian Basalt Pumice Granite Gabbro

Igneous Basalt is a hard, is a light-colored, is a light- is a
rock occurring as a black volcanic rock extremely colored igneous dense, mafic intrusive
natural glass form by with less than porous igneous rock with grains rock. It generally
the rapid cooling of occurs as batholiths
viscous lava
about 52 weight rock that forms large enough to be and laccoliths and is
from volcanoes. percent silica during explosive visible with the often found along
Obsidian is extremely (SiO2). Because of volcanic eruptions. unaided eye. It mid-ocean ridges or in
rich in silica(about 65 basalt's low silica forms from the ancient mountains
to 80 percent), is low content, it has a slow crystallization composed of
and has a low viscosity of magma below compressed and
chemical composition (resistance to Earth's surface. uplifted oceanic crust.
similar to rhyolite
flow).
 Sedimentary Rocks

Chert Conglomerate Limestone Rock Salt Shale

made up of composed principally composed principally
composed of forms from the
rounded clasts that of calcium carbonate of calcium carbonate
microcrystalline or compaction of silt
are greater than (calcite) or the double (calcite) or the double
cryptocrystalline and clay-size
two millimeters in carbonate of calcium carbonate of calcium
and magnesium and magnesium
mineral particles
quartz, diameter. The
(dolomite). It is (dolomite). It is that we commonly
the mineral form spaces between the
commonly composed commonly composed call "mud." This
of silicon dioxide clasts are generally
of tiny fossils, shell of tiny fossils, shell composition places
(SiO2). It occurs as filled with sand- fragments and other fragments and other shale in a category
nodules, and clay-size fossilized debris. fossilized debris. of sedimentary
concretionary particles.
rocks known as
masses, and as "mudstones."
layered deposits.
 Metamorphic Rock

Talc Garnet Quartzite Gneiss Schist

This soft rock is easily These minerals a non foliated a a
carved and has been foliated metamorphic foliated metamorp
used to make share a common metamorphic rock identified by its
crystal structure rock composed hic rock made up
ornamental and bands and lenses of
practical objects for and a generalized almost entirely varying mineral
of plate-shaped
thousands of years. It chemical of quartz. It forms composition. Some of mineral grains that
has been used to composition of when a quartz- these bands (or are large enough
make sculptures, X3Y2(SiO4)3. rich sandstone is lenses) contain to see with an
bowls, countertops, granular minerals unaided eye. It
sinks, hearths, pipe altered by the
heat, pressure, and that are bound usually forms on a
bowls, and many together in an continental side of
other objects. chemical activity of
interlocking texture. a convergent plate
metamorphism.
boundary