Calculus (Tutorial 05) Answer

Calculus (TMA1101)

Tutorial 5: Indefinite Integrals + Integration Techniques

(You should practice writing proper steps.)

1. (a) If you know how to differentiate

e kx ,sin kx , cos kx , tan kx , ln (kx+ c )
then you should be able to carry out the following integrations by observation (i.e., you
may be able to write down the final answers fast):
1
∫ ekx dx ,∫ sin kx dx ,∫ cos kx dx , ∫ sec 2 kx dx ,∫ kx +c dx .
d kx
(i) e =k ekx
dx
∫ k e kx dx=e kx
k ∫ e kx dx=e kx
1
∫ e kx dx= k ekx
d
(ii) sin kx=k cos kx
dx
∫ k cos kx dx=sin kx
k ∫ cos kx dx=sin kx
1
∫ cos kx dx = k sin kx
d
(iii) cos kx=−k sin kx
dx
∫− k sin kx dx = cos kx
−k ∫ sin kx dx =cos kx
−1
∫ sin kx dx= k cos kx
d
(iv) tan kx=k sec 2 kx
dx
∫ k sec2 kx dx=tan kx
k ∫ sec kx dx=tan kx
2

1
∫ sec2 kx dx=k tan kx

(b) Practice writing proper steps for integration by using the substitution u=ax + b :
1
∫e (ax+ b)
dx , ∫ sin (ax+b)dx ,∫ cos(ax+ b)dx ,∫ sec (ax +b)dx ,∫
2
ax +b
dx .

0 0
 (i) ∫ e (ax + b) dx
du 1
u= ax + b , =a , dx= du
dx a
u 1 1 1 u 1
∫ e dx=∫ e ∙ a du= a ∫ e du= a [ e +c ]= a eu +c
(ax + b ) u

( )
1 (ax + b) +c= e ax +b
¿ e +c
a a
(ii) ∫ sin (ax+ b)dx
du 1
u= ax + b , =a , dx= du
dx a
∫ sin (ax+b)dx=∫ sin u∙ a du= a ∫ sin u du= a [ (−cos u )+ c ]= −1
1 1 1
cos u+c
a
1 −cos (ax +b)
¿− cos (ax + b )+c= +c
a a
(iii) ∫ cos (ax +b)dx
du 1
u=ax + b , =a , dx= d u
dx a
1 1 1
∫ cos (ax +b)dx=∫ cos u ∙ a du=a ∫ cos u du= a [(sin u)+ c ]= a1 sin u+c
1 sin (ax +b)
¿ sin (ax+b)+c= +c
a a
(iv) ∫ sec2 ( ax +b ) dx
du 1
u= ax + b , =a , dx= du
dx a
∫ sec2 ( ax +b ) dx=∫ sec2 u ∙ a1 du= 1a ∫ sec2 u du= 1a [(tan u)+c ] = 1a tan u+ c
1 tan (ax +b)
¿ tan (ax +b)+c= +c
a a

2. Integrate.
(a) ∫ ( 5 x −3 x +9 x ) dx
4 −4

∫ ( 5 x 4 −3 x−4 +9 x ) dx=∫ 5 x 4 dx−∫ 3 x−4 dx+∫ 9 xdx

¿ 5∫ x 4 dx −3∫ x −4 dx + 9∫ xdx

¿5 [ ] [ ] [ ]
x5
5
−3
x−3
−3
2
+9
x2
2
+ c=x 5−(−1)x−3 +
9 x2
2
+c

−3 9 x 1 9 x2
5
¿ x +x + +c = x 5 + 3 + +c
2 x 2

0 0
(b) ∫ ( x−1 ) ( x+ 2) dx
∫ ( x−1 ) ( x+2) dx =∫ ( x 2+2 x − x −2 ) dx=∫ ( x2 + x−2) dx
¿∫ x dx +∫ xdx−∫ 2 dx=
2

3 2
x3
3
+
x2
2
− [ 2 x ]+c [ ][ ]
x x
¿ + −2 x +c
3 2

( )
2
1
(c) ∫ x dx
x+

( ) ( )
2
∫ x+ 1x dx=∫ x 2 +2+ 12 dx=∫ x 2 dx+∫ 2 dx+∫ 1x 2 dx
x

¿∫ x dx +∫ 2 dx+∫ x dx=
2 x3
3
−2
+ [ 2 x] +
−1[ ]
x −1
+c [ ]
x3 −1 x3 1
¿ + 2 x − x +c = +2 x− +c
3 3 x
(d) (
∫ 2x −4 e x +sin 2 x dx )
( )
∫ 2x −4 e x +sin 2 x dx=∫ x2 dx−∫ 4 e x dx +∫ sin 2 x dx
1
¿∫ 2∙ dx−∫ 4 ∙ e dx +∫ sin 2 x dx
x
x
1
¿ 2∫ dx −4 ∫ e x dx+∫ sin 2 x dx
x
¿ 2 [ ln|x|] −4 [ e x ] +
−1
2 [
cos 2 x + c ]
1
¿ 2 ln|x|−4 e x − cos 2 x+c
2
x2 −3 x
(e) ∫ √ x dx
x2 −3 x x 2 dx − 3 x x 2 dx−3 x x 2 dx−3 x
∫ √x dx= ∫ √x ∫ √ x ∫ √ x dx= ∫ x ∫ 1
√
dx= ∫ 1 dx
2
x x2
( )dx−3 ∫ (x ) dx=∫ x
1 1 3 1
2− 1−
¿∫ x 2 2 2
dx −3 ∫ x 2 dx

[][]
5 3

[ ] [ ]
5 3
x2 x2 5 3
¿ −3 +c= x 2 ÷ −3 x 2 ÷ + c
5 3 2 2
2 2

[ ] [ ] [ ]
5 3 5 3 5 3
2 2 2
¿ x2 × − 3 x 2 × +c= 2 x 2 −3 x2 +c= 2 x 2 −2 x 2 + c
5 3 5 3 5
2 √ x −2 3
5
¿
5
√ x +c

0 0
 3x x
(f) ∫ e e−e
2x
dx

(g) ∫ (sec2 3 x+ e−2 x + 3 x+1

2
) dx
3x
(h) ∫ x+2 dx [Try writing 3 x as 3 ( x+2 ) +¿ ¿ .]
3x 3 ( x +2 )−6 3 ( x +2 ) 6
∫ x+2 dx=∫ x +2
dx=∫
x +2
dx−∫
x +2
dx
1
¿∫ 3 dx−6 ∫ dx=[ 3 x ]− 6 [ ln|x+ 2|]+ c=3 x −6 ln |x +2|+c
x +2

3. Integration by substitution.
(You need to decide on a suitable substitution. Write proper steps.)
(a) ∫ ( 4 x−5 ) dx
−4

du 1
u=4 x−5 , =4 , dx= du
dx 4

[ ] u−3
∫ ( 4 x−5 )−4 dx=∫ u− 4 ∙ 4 du= 4 ∫ u−4 du= 41 −3 + c= 12 +c
1 1 −u−3

1
−
¿−
( 4 x−5) −3
12
+c=
( 4 x−5 )3
12
+c=−
[ 1
( 4 x−5)
3
]
÷ 12 +c

¿−
[ 1
(4 x−5 ) 3
×
1
12
+c =
] −1
12 ( 4 x −5 )3
+c

1
(b) ∫ dx
3 x +7
10 x 4
(c) ∫ dx
√ 2 x5 +9
du 1
5
u=2 x +9 , =10 x 4 , dx= du
dx 10 x 4
4 4 4
x 1
∫ 10 5x dx=∫ 10ux ∙ 101x 4 du=∫ 10 ∙ du=∫ 1 ∙
1
du=∫
1
du
√ 2 x +9 √ 10 x √ u
4
√u √u
1

[ ] [ ]
−1 2 1 1 1
u 1 2
¿∫ u du=2
+c= u2 ÷ + c= u2 × +c=2 u 2 +c
1 2 1
2
1
¿ 2( 2 x 5 +9) 2 +c =2 √ 2 x5 +9+ c
(d) ∫ sin ( 2 x +3 ) dx
du 1
u=2 x +3 , =2 , dx= du
dx 2
∫ sin (2 x +3)dx=∫ sin u∙ 2 du=2 ∫ sin u du= 2 [ −cos u ]+ c=−1
1 1 1
cos u+c
2

0 0
 1 −cos(2 x+ 3) +c
¿− cos (2 x+ 3)+c=
2 2
dx
(e) ∫ x ln x
√
du 1
u=ln x , = , dx = xdu
dx x
1

[ ]
−1 2 1
dx xdu du u 1
∫ x ln x =∫ x u =∫ u =∫ 1u du=∫ u 2
du= + c= u 2 ÷ + c
√ √ √ √ 1 2
2

[ ]
1 1 1
2
¿ u2× +c=2u 2 + c=2 ( ln x) 2 +c=2 √ln x+ c
1

(f) ∫ √ 2 x +1 dx
du 1
u=2 x +1 , =2 , dx= du
dx 2

[]
3
2 1

∫ √ 2 x +1 dx=∫ √ u ∙ 21 du= 12 ∫ √ u du= 12 ∫ u2 du= 12 u3 +c

2

[ ] [ ]
3 3 3 3
1 2 3 1 2 1 1
¿ u ÷ +c= u 2 × + c= u 2 +c= ( 2 x +1 )2 +c
2 2 2 3 3 3
1
¿ √ ( 2 x +1 )3 +c
3
(g) ∫ x √ x +4 dx
du
u=x + 4 , x=u−4 , =1 , dx = du
dx
1
∫ x √ x +4 dx=∫ ( u−4 ) √ u ∙ du=∫ √u ( u−4 )du=∫ u 2 (u−4 ) du
¿∫( u −4 u ) du=∫ u du−∫ 4 u
3 1 3 1 3 1
2 2 2 2
du=∫ u du−4 ∫ u du
2 2

[][]
5 3

[ ] [ ]
2 2 5 3
u u 5 3
¿ −4 +c= u2 ÷ −4 u2 ÷ +c
5 3 2 2
2 2

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
5 3 5 3
2 2 2 2
¿ u2 × −4 u2 × + c= u 2 −4 u 2 + c
5 3 5 3
5 3 5 3
2 8 2 8
¿ u2 − u 2 + c= ( x+4 ) − ( x+4 ) +c
2 2
5 3 5 3
2 √ ( x+ 4 ) 8 √ ( x+ 4 )
5 3

¿ − +c
5 3
(1+√ x)
9
(h) ∫ √ x dx

0 0
 (i) ∫ x 2 [ cos ( x3+ 1) ] dx
du 1
3
u=x +1 , =3 x2 , x 2 dx= du
dx 3
1
2 3 1
∫ x [ cos ( x + 1) ] dx=∫ cos u ∙ 3 du= 3 ∫ cos u du= 31 [sin u ]+c
1 1 sin (x 3 +1 )
¿ sin u+c= sin ( x +1 ) +c = +c
3
3 3 3
x +2
(j) ∫ 2 dx
x + 4 x+8
du 1
u=x 2 +4 x +8 , =2 x + 4 =2 (x+2) , (x+2)dx= du
dx 2
x +2 1 1 1 1 1 1
∫ x2 + 4 x+8 dx =∫ u ∙ 2 du= 2 ∫ u du= 2 [ln| u|] +c= 2 ln |u |+c
1
¿ ln|x 2+ 4 x +8 |+c
2
(k) ∫ x 2 √ x3 +2 dx
x +3
(l) ∫ 2 dx
x +6 x +8
8x
(m) ∫ 3
dx
( x 2−3 )2
5
(n) ∫ x ( 7+x 2) 2 dx
3

dx
4. (a) ∫ x−1 =ln |x−1|+ c
dx
(b) ∫ x+3 =ln |x+3|+c
(c) Factor x 2+2 x−3 .
x 2+2 x −3=( x+ 3 )(x−1 )
x
(d) Express 2 as the sum of its partial fractions.
x +2 x −3
x A B
This means writing in the form + .
2
x +2 x−3 x +3 x −1
x A B
= +
2
x +2 x−3 x +3 x−1
x A ( x−1 ) B ( x +3 )
2
= +
x +2 x−3 x+3 x−1
x A ( x−1 ) +B ( x +3 )
=
2
x +2 x−3 ( x +3 ) ( x−1 )
x= A ( x−1 )+B ( x +3)
When x=1 , 1= A ( 1−1 )+ B ( 1+3 )
1= A (0 )+ B ( 4 )

0 0
 1=0+ 4 B
1=4 B
1
B=
4
When x=−3 , −3= A ( −3 −1 ) + B (−3+3 )
−3= A ( −4 )+ B ( 0 )
−3=−4 A+0
−3=−4 A
−3 3
A= =
−4 4
3 1
x
=
4
x +2 x−3 x +3 x−1 4
2
+
4
[ 3
][ 1
= ÷ ( x+3 ) + ÷ ( x−1 )
4 ]
[
¿ ×
3 1
4 ( x+ 3 ) ][
+ ×
1
]1
=
3
+
1
4 ( x−1 ) 4 ( x +3) 4 ( x−1)
5 x+5
(e) Do the same for 2 .
x +2 x −3
5 x+5 A B
= +
x +2 x−3 x +3 x−1
2

5 x+5 A ( x−1 ) B ( x +3 )
2
= +
x +2 x−3 x+3 x−1
5 x+5 A ( x−1 ) +B ( x +3 )
=
2
x +2 x−3 ( x +3 ) ( x−1 )
5 x+5= A ( x−1 )+B ( x +3 )

When x=1 , 5 (1 )+ 5= A (1−1) +B ( 1+3 )

5+5= A ( 0) +B (4 )
10=0+4 B
10=4 B
10 5
B= =
4 2
When x=−3 , 5 (−3) +5= A (−3−1 ) +B (−3+3 )
−15+5= A ( −4 )+ B ( 0 )
−10=−4 A+ 0
−10=−4 A
−10 5
A= =
−4 2
5 5
5 x+5
=
2
x +2 x−3 x +3 x−1 2
2
+
2 5
[ 5
][
= ÷ ( x+3 ) + ÷( x−1 )
2 ]
¿ ×
[
5 1
2 ( x+ 3 ) ][
+ ×
5 1
= ] 5
+
5
2 ( x−1) 2 ( x +3) 2 ( x−1)

0 0
 x dx 5 x+ 5
(f) Hence, evaluate ∫ x2 +2 x−3 and ∫ x2 +2 x−3 dx
∫ x2 +2x dxx−3 =∫ [ 3
+
1
]
4 ( x+3 ) 4 ( x −1 )
dx=∫
3
4 ( x+3 )
dx +∫
1
4 ( x−1 )
dx

3 1 1 1 3 1
¿ ∫ dx+ ∫ dx= [ ln |x +3|]+ [ ln| x−1|]+c
4 ( x +3 ) 4 ( x−1 ) 4 4
3 1
¿ ln|x+ 3|+ ln| x−1|+ c
4 4

x +2 x−3 [
∫ 2 5 x+ 5 dx=∫ 2(x5+3 ) + 2 ( x−1 5
) ]
dx=∫
2 (
5
x +3)
dx+∫
2 (
5
x−1 )
dx

5 1 5 1
¿ ∫ dx+ ∫ dx
2 (x +3 ) 2 ( x−1 )
5 5
¿ [ ln |x+ 3 |] + [ ln|x−1|] +c
2 2
5 5
¿ ln|x +3|+ ln|x −1|+c
2 2

5. Use partial fractions to assist you in evaluating

x+4
(a) ∫ 2 dx
x −3 x +2
x 2 −3 x +2=( x−2) ( x−1 )
x+4 A
+
B
=
x −3 x +2 x −2 x−1
2

x +4 A ( x−1 ) B ( x−2)
= +
2
x −3 x +2 x −2 x−1
x+4 A ( x−1 ) + B ( x−2)
=
2
x −3 x +2 ( x −2 )( x−1)
x+ 4= A (x−1) + B (x −2 )

When x=1 , 1 + 4 = A ( 1−1 )+ B (1−2 )

5= A (0 )+ B (−1 )
5=0−B
5=− B
5
B= =−5
−1
When x=2 , 2+4= A ( 2−1 )+ B (2−2 )
6=A (1 )+ B ( 0)
6=A +0
6=A
A=6
x +4 6 −5 6 5
= + = −
x −3 x +2 x −2 x−1 x−2 x−1
2

0 0
 [ ]
x+ 4 dx= 6 5 6 5
∫ x2 −3 x +2
∫ −
x−2 x −1
dx=∫
x−2
dx−∫
x−1
dx
1 1
¿ 6∫ dx +5∫ dx
x−2 x−1
¿ 6 [ ln|x−2|] +5 [ ln |x−1 |]+c
¿ 6 ln|x−2| +5 ln|x −1|+c
7 x−5
(b) ∫ 2 dx
2 x −3 x +1
2 x 2−3 x +1=(2 x−1 ) ( x−1 )
7 x−5 A B
2
= +
2 x −3 x+ 1 2 x−1 x−1
7 x−5 A ( x−1) B (2 x−1 )
2
= +
2 x −3 x+ 1 2 x−1 x−1
7 x−5 A ( x−1) + B ( 2 x−1)
=
2
2 x −3 x+ 1 ( 2 x−1)( x−1 )
7 x−5= A ( x−1 )+ B ( 2 x−1 )
When x=1 , 7 (1 )−5=A ( 1−1) +B ( 2( 1 ) −1 )
7− 5= A (0) + B ( 2−1)
2=0+ B ( 1)
2=0+ B
2=B
B=2
When x=
1
2
, 7 () 1
2 ( ) (() )
1
−5= A −1 +B 2
2
1
2
−1

7
2
−5= A ( )
−1
2
+ B (1−1 )
−3 −1
= A + B (0)
2 2
−3 −1
= A +0
2 2
−3 −1
= A
2 2
A= [
−3
2 ][
÷− =
1
2
−3
2 ]
×− =3
2
1
7 x−5 3 2
2
= +
2 x −3 x+ 1 2 x−1 x−1
∫ 2 x 72−3x−5 dx=
x +1
∫[ 3
+
2 x−1 x−1] 2
dx=∫
3
2 x−1
dx+∫
2
x−1
dx
1 1
¿ 3∫ dx +2∫ dx
2 x−1 ( x−1 )

[ 1
]
¿ 3 ln|2 x−1 | +2 [ ln|x−1|]+ c
2

0 0
 3
¿ ln|2 x−1|+2 ln|x−1|+c
2
1
(c) ∫ ( x−a )(x−b ) dx

6. The following requires knowledge of trigonometric identities. You will be guided.

(a) ∫ cos x dx
2
[Use: cos 2 x ≡2 cos 2 x−1 ]
2
cos 2 x=2 cos x−1
cos 2 x+1=2 cos2 x
cos 2 x+ 1
cos 2 x=
2
cos 2 x + 1 cos 2 x 1
∫ cos x dx=∫ 2 dx=∫ 2 dx +∫ 2 dx
2

du 1
u=2 x , =2 , dx= du
dx 2
cos 2 x 1 cos u 1 1 cos u 1
∫ 2 dx+∫ 2 dx=∫ 2 ∙ 2 du+∫ 2 dx=∫ 4 du+∫ 2 dx
1 1 1
¿ ∫ cos u du+∫ dx= [−sin u ]+ x +c
4 2 4 [ ]1
2
1 1 −1 1
¿− sinu+ x +c= sin 2 x+ x +c
4 2 4 2
1 1
(b) ∫ sin 3 x cos x dx [Use: sin A cos B≡ sin ( A−B )+ sin ( A +B ) ]
2 2
1 1
sin A cos B= sin ( A−B )+ sin ( A+ B )
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
sin 3 x cos x= sin ( 3 x−x )+ sin (3 x + x )= sin (2 x )+ sin ( 4 x ) = sin 2 x + sin 4 x
2 2 2 2 2 2

( )
∫ sin 3 x cos x dx=∫ 12 sin 2 x + 12 sin 4 x dx=∫ 12 sin 2 x dx+∫ 21 sin 4 x dx
1 1
¿ ∫ sin 2 x dx+ ∫ sin 4 x dx
2 2
du 1
u=2 x , =2 , dx= du
dx 2
dv 1
v =4 x , =4 , dx= dv
dx 4

1 1 1 1 1 1
2
∫ sin 2 x dx+ ∫ sin 4 x dx= ∫ sin u ∙ du+ ∫ sin v ∙ dv
2 2 2 2 4
¿ ()
1 1
2 2 ()
1
∫ sin u du+ 12 4 ∫ sin v dv

0 0
 1 1
sinu du+ ∫ sin v dv
4∫
¿
8
1 1
¿ [− cos u ]+ [ −cos v ] + c
4 8
1 1 −1 1
¿− cos u− cos v + c = cos 2 x− cos 4 x+ c
4 8 4 8
cos 2 x cos 4 x
¿− − +c
4 8
(c) (i) What is Euler’s formula?
e iθ=cos θ+i sin θ
eiθ +e−iθ
(ii) Use cos θ= to derive the identity: cos3 θ=A cos 3 θ+B cos θ for some
2
values of A and B . Find the values of A and B .
[ (a+b)3 =a3 +3 a 2 b+3 a b2+b3 may be useful.]
3 3
cos θ=( cos θ )

( )
iθ −iθ 3
e +e
¿
2
e +3 ei 2 θ e−iθ+3 e iθ e−i 2 θ +e−i 3 θ
i3θ
¿
8
ei 3 θ +3 eiθ +3 e−iθ+ e−i 3θ
¿
8
ei 3 θ + e−i 3 θ+ 3 eiθ +3 e−iθ
¿
8
−iθ
ei 3 θ + e−i 3 θ 3 e + 3 e
iθ
¿ +
8 8
i3θ
e +e −i 3 θ
3 ( eiθ
+ e−iθ )
¿ +
8 8

( ) ( )
i3 θ −i 3 θ iθ −iθ
1 e +e 3 e +e
¿ +
4 2 4 2
1 3
¿ cos 3 θ+ cos θ
4 4
1 3
A= , B=
4 4

(iii) Evaluate ∫ cos3 x dx .

0 0
 1 3
∫ cos3 x dx=∫ 4 cos 3 x + 4 cos x dx
1 3
¿
4
∫ cos 3 x dx + 4 ∫ cos x dx
¿
[ 1 1
4 3 ] 3
sin 3 x + [sin x] +c
4
1 3
¿ sin 3 x + sin x+ c
12 4
(d) (i) What is Euler’s formula?
e iθ=cos θ+i sin θ
eiθ +e−iθ
iθ −iθ
e −e
(ii) Use cos θ= and sin θ= to derive the identity:
2 2i
sin 5 x cos 3 x= A cos 8 x + B cos 2 x for some values of A and B .
Find the values of A and B .
(iii) Evaluate ∫ sin 5 x cos 3 x dx .

7. Trigonometric functions involved. [Choose an appropriate substitution.]

(a) ∫ sin x cos(cos x )dx
du 1
u=cos x , =−sin x , dx= du
dx −sin x
1
∫ sin x cos(cos x )dx=∫ sin x cos u ∙−sin x du=∫−cos u du=−∫ cos u du
¿−[sin u ] +c=−sin u+c =− sin ( cos x ) + c
(b) ∫ x 2 cos ( x3 + e2) dx
du 1
3
u=x + e ,
2
=3 x2 , dx= 2 du
dx 3x
1 1 1
∫ x cos ( x3 + e2) dx=∫ x cos u ∙ 3 x2 du=∫ 3 cos u du= 3 ∫ cos u du
2 2

1 1 1
¿ [ sin u ]+ c= sin u+c= sin ( x3 + e2 ) +c
3 3 3
sin x
(c) ∫ 3 dx
√ cos x
(d) ∫ tan x sec x dx
4
[Let u=tan x and sec2 x=1+tan2 x may be useful.]
du 1
u=tan x , =sec 2 x , dx= 2 du
dx sec x
∫ tan x sec x dx=∫ tan x sec x ∙ sec x dx =∫ tan x ( 1+ tan2 x ) ∙ sec2 x dx
4 2 2

¿∫ u ( 1+ u2) ∙ sec2 x 12 du=∫ u+u3 du

sec x
¿∫ udu+∫ u3 du= [ ][ ]
u2
2
+
u4
4
1 1
+ c= u2 + u4 +c
2 4
1 1
¿ tan2 x+ tan4 x +c
2 4

0 0
 (e) ∫ cos x sin3 x dx [Note that cos x sin3 x= cos x (sin x)3 .]
∫ cos x sin3 x dx=∫ cos x(sin x )3 dx
du 1
u=sin x , =cos x , dx= du
dx cos x
1
∫ cos x (sin x )3 dx=∫ u 3 cos x ∙ cos x du=∫ u3 du
¿[ ]
u4
4
1 4 1 4
+c= u +c= sin x + c
4 4

8. Integration by Parts.
(a) ∫ x e dx
x

(b) ∫ x ln x dx
u=ln x dv = xdx
du 1 dv
= =x
dx x dx
1 1
du= dx v = x2
x 2

( ) ( )( )
∫ x ln x dx=( ln x ) 2 x ∫ 2 x x dx = 12 x 2 ln x−∫ 21 xdx
1 2− 1 2 1

¿
1 2
2
x ln x−
2
1
∫ xdx=
1 2
2
x ln x− []
1 x2
2 2
1 2
2
1 2
+ c= x ln x− x + c
4
1 2
(
¿ x ln x − + c
2
1
2)
(c) ∫ x cos x dx
u= x dv=cos x dx
du dv
=1 =cos x
dx dx
du =dx v =sin x
∫ x cos x dx= ( x ) ( sin x)−∫ ( sin x )( dx) =x sin x−∫ sin x dx
¿ x sin x−[ −cos x ]+ c=x sin x+ cos x + c
(d) ∫ x 2 cos x dx [You may need to carry out integration by parts more than once.]
2
u=x dv=cos x dx
du dv
=2 x =cos x
dx dx
du =2 xdx v =sin x
∫ x 2
cos x dx= ( x sin x )−∫ ( sin x )( 2 xdx ) =x 2 sin x−∫ 2 x sin x dx
2
) (
¿ x 2 sin x −2∫ x sin x dx
¿ x 2 sin x −2 [ ( x )( −cos x) −∫ (−cos x ) ( dx ) ]+ c

0 0
 ¿ x 2 sin x −2 [−x cos x−∫ −cos x dx ]+c
¿ x 2 sin x −2 [−x cos x −( −sin x ) ]+c
¿ x 2 sin x −2 [−x cos x +sin x ]+c=x 2 sin x +2 x cos x−2 sin x+c
¿ x sin x −2 sin x+2 x cos x + c=sin x ( x −2 ) +2 x cos x+ c
2 2

(e) ∫ x ln x dx
3

[Some people may need to use integration by parts more than once; see if you can solve
this by using it once only.]
(f) ∫ e sin x dx
x

[You may not be able to get the answer directly through integration by parts. Apply
integration by parts twice and you may see what I mean; perhaps you would then know
how to proceed.]
2∫ e sin x dx=e ( sin x −cos x )
x x

1
∫ e x sin x dx= 2 e x (sin x−cos x ) +c
(g) ∫ ( x−2) e
2 x+3
dx

0 0