Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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1.1 Electrolysis
A. Translation/Meaning
decomposition
process
electrolyte
solution
ions
passing
current
cations
anions
conductors
B. Draw the general set-up of electrolysis apparatus
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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C. Activity 1 - Virtual Experiment
Link : https://javalab.org/en/electrolysis_of_water_en/
Observation:
When electrolysis is performed using a dilute aqueous NaOH solution as an
………………………., ………………………….. is generated at the cathode (-), and
………………………….. is generated at the anode (+)
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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D. Exercise 1.1
i. Using the following words, define electrolysis.
Process decomposition electrolyte solution ions current
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ii. Label and state the purpose of each components in the electrolysis set-up.
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iii. Crossword Puzzle
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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1.2 Electrolysis of Molten Lead Bromide & Acidified Water
A. Use the section below to write your notes based on the lesson taught.
Electrolysis of Molten Lead (II) Bromide
Observation
Anode : Cathode:
Product: Product:
Half equation: Half equation:
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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Electrolysis of Acidified Water
Observation
Anode : Cathode:
Product: Product:
Half equation: Half equation:
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B. Exercise 1.2
i. Describe the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride
Observation
Anode : Cathode:
Product: Product:
Half equation: Half equation:
ii. Why sulfuric acid has to be added to pure water to conduct electrolysis?
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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iii. Describe how would you test for the gases released at anode and cathode for
electrolysis of water.
Anode : Confirmatory test:
Cathode: Confirmatory test:
1.3 Application of Electrolysis
Uses of
electrolysis
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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A. Purification of Metals
i. Also known as ……………………………………………………………….
Examples :
ii. Refining copper
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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B. Electroplating
The process of …………………… thin layer of ……………… over another by
method of …………………………..
Example :
Purpose of electroplating:
a)
b)
Why suitable current strength needs to be used for this process?
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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C. Extraction of metals from ores
Electrometallurgy : process of …………….. of …………… using ………………….
Metals :
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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D. Exercise 1.3
i. Describe the process of refining copper.
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ii. What does electroplating mean?
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iii. If you want to purify a metal by electrolysis, will you make it the anode or the
cathode? Why?
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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MINI TEST 805 (Section 1.1 - 1.3)
i. Describe the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride
Observation
Anode : Cathode:
Product: Product:
Half equation: Half equation:
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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ii. Electroplating
The process of …………………… thin layer of ……………… over another by
method of …………………………..
Purpose of electroplating:
a)
b)
iii. Describe how would you test for the gases released at anode and cathode for
electrolysis of water.
Anode : Confirmatory test:
Cathode: Confirmatory test:
iv. Describe the process of refining copper.
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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1.4 Pure Substance
A. Pure Substance
An ……………………… or ……….. having ……………. composition and definite
………………….. and ………………………. properties.
Characteristics
of pure
substance
Melting point:
Boiling point:
How to obtain pure substance from a impure solution?
Method 1 : Simple distillation
Purpose:
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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Method 2: Fractional distillation
Purpose:
Uses of fractional distillation:
a)
b)
c)
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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B. Exercise 1.4
i. Define pure substance.
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ii. State the meaning of :
a. Melting point - ………………………………………………………………………
b. Boiling point - ……………………………………………………………………….
iii. Why it is possible to separate mixture of two pure substances in liquid state?
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iv. Describe the two processes that occur in simple distillation.
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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1.5 Chemical Equation
Definition : …………………… of a chemical reaction with the help of ……………..
and ………………………… of the substances involved in it
Symbols Meaning
How to write a balanced chemical equation?
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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Common Ions
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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Exercise 1.5
A. Write the word equation, chemical equation and the balance the equation.
i. Aluminium reacts with iron(III) oxide to produce aluminium oxide and iron metal
….……………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii. Methane burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water
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iii. Lithium react with water to produce lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas
….……………………………………………………………………………………………….
iv. Potassium chloride react with silver nitrate and produce potassium nitrate and
silver chloride
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B. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following:
i. Reaction between sodium hydroxide and iron(II) chloride
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ii. Reaction between lead(II) nitrate and sodium iodide
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iii. Reaction between magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid
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iv. Reaction between chlorine gas and potassium bromide
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v. Reaction between copper(II) oxide and nitric acid
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vi. Zinc hydroxide reacts with phosphoric acid
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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1.6 Molecular Mass
Molecular mass - average mass of a …………………… of a substance
→ sum of ………………. of the atoms of the ………………………………
RAM -
RMM -
RFM -
How to calculate the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide?
Let’s try together!
1. Sulphate ion
2. Sulphur dioxide
3. Ammonia
4. Lead (II) nitrate
5. Sodium carbonate
Exercise 1.6A
Calculate the relative molecular mass for the following substances:
i. Nitrate ion
ii. Copper(II) sulphate
iii. Zinc nitrate
iv. Magnesium hydroxide
v. Calcium carbonate
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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÷ RMM
Mass (g) No. of mol
x RMM
Question 1
Calculate the amount of magnesium oxide formed when 12g of magnesium burns
completely with oxygen.
Question 2
Calculate the amount of sulphur required to convert 6.2g of iron fillings to iron
sulphide. How much iron sulphide will be produced?
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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Exercise 1.6B
Calculate the mass for the following:
i. The amount of mercury when 20g of mercury(II) oxide decomposes into mercury
and oxygen gas
ii. The amount of iron (III) oxide formed when 52g of iron burns completely with
oxygen
iii. Calculate the amount of copper (II) oxide needed when 36g of copper being
produced with water after copper (II) oxide react with hydrogen gas
iv. Calculate the amount of sodium oxide formed when 45g of sodium burns
completely with oxygen
v. Calculate the amount of zinc formed when 30g of zinc oxide decomposes into
zinc and oxygen gas
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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1.6 Types of chemical reaction
Combination reaction : reaction in which ……………………………………….
combined to ………………………………………
Write a balanced chemical equation
1. Carbon burns in air to form carbon dioxide
2. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water
3. Hydrogen combines with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride
4. When iron heated with sulfur, iron sulphide is formed
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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Decomposition reaction : reaction in which ………………………………………. splits
into ………………………………………
Write a balanced chemical equation
5. When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon
dioxide
6. When electric current is passed through molten sodium chloride, it decomposes
to give sodium metal and chlorine gas
7. When light is passed through silver chloride, it decomposes into silver metal and
chlorine gas
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Module 805 Transformation of Substances II
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