CHAPTER 2

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER

60
Function Domain Range

(Principal Value Branch)

E3
sin–1x [–1, 1]
− ,
2 2
cos–1x
ID
[–1, 1] [0, ]

tan–1x R
− ,
2 2
U

cot–1x R (0, )
YG

sec–1x R – (–1, 1)
[0, ]-
D

cosec–1x R – (–1, 1)
− , − {0}
2 2
U

 If sinø = x, ø ∈ − , , hen ø = sin–1x

ST

If cosø = x, ø ∈ [0, ], then ø = cos–1x

If tanø = x, ø ∈ − , , then ø = tan–1x

If cotø = x, ø ∈ (0, ), then ø = cot–1x

If secø = x, ø ∈ [0, ] - , then ø = sec–1x

If cosecø = x, ø ∈ − , - {0}, then find ø = cosec–1x

18 [Class XII : Maths]

 sin–1 (sin x) = x ∀ x ∈ − ,

cos–1 (cos x) = x ∀ x ∈ [0, ]

tan–1 (tan x) = x ∀ x ∈ − ,

cot–1 (cot x) = x ∀ x ∈ (0, )

60
sec–1 (sec x) = x ∀ x ∈ [0, ] −

E3
c1 (cosec x) = x ∀ x ∈ − , - {0}

 sin (sin–1 x) = x ∀ x ∈ [-1, 1]

ID
cos (cos–1 x) = x ∀ x ∈ [-1, 1]
U
tan (tan–1 x) = x ∀ x ∈ R
YG

cot (cot–1 x) = x ∀ x ∈ R

sec (sec–1 x) = x ∀ x ∈ R – (-1, 1)

D

cosec (cosec–1 x) = x ∀ x ∈ R – (-1, 1)

U

 sin–1 x= cosec–1 ∀ x ∈ [-1,1]

ST

tan–1x = cot–1 (1/x) ∀ x > 0

sec–1x = cos–1 (1/x), ∀ |x| ≥ 1

 sin–1(–x) = – sin–1 x ∀x ∈ [–1, 1]

tan–1(–x) = – tan–1 x ∀ x ∈ R

cosec–1(–x) = – cosec–1 x ∀ |x| ≥ 1

19 [Class XII : Maths]
 cos–1 (–x) = – cos–1 x ∀ × ∈ [–1, 1]

cot–1 (–x) = – cot–1 x ∀ x ∈ R

sec–1 (–x) = – sec–1 x ∀ |x| ≥ 1

60
 sin + cos = 2, ∈ [−1, 1]

tan–1 x + cot–1 x = ∀x ∈ R

E3
sec–1 x + cosec–1x = ∀ |x| ≥ 1 ID
⎧ tan <1
⎪
⎪ + tan >1; >0
U
–1 –1
 tan x + tan y = >0
⎨
⎪− + tan > 1 ; <0
YG

⎪
⎩ <0

tan > −1
⎧
D

⎪
⎪ + tan < −1 ; >0
U

–1 –1
 tan x - tan y= <0
⎨
⎪− + tan < −1 ; < 0
⎪
ST

⎩ >0

,
 2tan–1 x = tan–1 |x| < 1

,
2tan–1 x = sin-1 |x| ≤ 1,

, x ≥ 0.
2tan–1 x = cos-1

20 [Class XII : Maths]

 sin–1x ± sin–1y = sin–1 (x 1− ± y√1 − )

cos-1x ± cos-1y = cos-1 ( xy ∓ √1 − 1− )

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

60
1. Write the principal value of

E3
(i) sin–1 − 3⁄2 (ii) cos-1 √3/2

−
(iii) tan–1
ID (iv) cosec–1 (-2)
√

cot-1 sec–1 (– 2).

U
(v) (vi)
√
YG

√
(vii) sin–1 + cos-1 + tan–1 −1/√3

2. What is the value of the following functions (using principal value)

D

√
(i) tan–1 − sec–1 (ii) sin–1 − − cos-1
√ √
U

(iii) tan–1 (1) − cot-1 (-1) (iv) cosec–1 √2 + sec–1 √2

ST

(v) tan–1 (1) + cot–1 (1) + sin–1 (1). (vi) sin–1

(vii) tan–1 (viii) cosec–1

√
(ix) cos { + }

3. If tan–1 x + tan–1 y = , find cot-1 x + cot-1 y.

21 [Class XII : Maths]

 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

√ √
4. Show that: tan–1 =
+ ; x ∈ [0, ]
√ √

5. Prove that :

60
= x ∈ (0, /2).
tan–1 − cot-1

E3
√
6. Prove that tan–1 √
= sin–1
ID = cos–1 .

7. prove that:
U
cot-1 2 + tan–1 2 tan =
tan–1
YG

Prove that:
8.

√ √
tan–1 =
+
√ √
D

9. Solve:
U

cot-1 2x+ cot-1 3x =

4
ST

10. Prove that:

tan–1 − tan–1 =
,m, n > 0

11. Prove that:

√
tan + + tan − tan =

22 [Class XII : Maths]

 −2
12. Solve for x, cos + tan =
1− 2

13. Prove that: tan + tan + tan + tan =

14. Solve for x, tan(cos ) = sin(tan 2) ; x > 0

15. If y = cot √cos − tan √cos , then prove that sin y =

60
16. Evaluate: tan cos
√

E3
17. Prove that: tan = tan −

18. Prove that:

ID
cot tan + tan + cos (1 − 2 ) + cos (2 − 1) = , > 0
U

19. Prove that:

YG

tan + tan + tan = 0 where a, b, c > 0

D

20. If tan + tan + tan = , then

U

prove that a + b + c = abc

ST

21. If cos + cos + cos = , prove that + + +2 =1

[Hint: Let cos =A, cos = , cos = then A + B + C = or

A +B = -c Take cos on both the sides].

22. If tan + tan + ⋯ + tan = tan ø

. . .( )
then find the value of ø.

23. If (tan ) + (cot )= then find x.

23 [Class XII : Maths]

24. If sin[cot ( + 1)] = cos(tan ), then find x.

25. Solve the following for x

(i) sin (6 ) + sin 6√3 =−

(ii) sin + sin (1 − ) = cos

(iii) sin + sin =

60
(iv) sin +cos =

E3
26. If cos + cos = , then prove that

9 -12xy cos ∝ +4 = 36 sin ∝

ID
3 sin 2∅ 1
27. Prove that: tan + tan tan ∅ =∅
5+3 cos 2∅ 4
U
√ √
28. Prove that: cot cot sin + cos + cos =
YG

29. Prove that: 2 tan tan = cos

D

∝
30. Prove that: 2tan [tan ∝⁄2 tan ⁄2] = cos
U
ST

ANSWERS

1. (i) − (ii) (iii) (iv)

(v) (vi) (vii)

2. (i) 0 (ii) (iii) −

24 [Class XII : Maths]
 (iv) (v) (vi)

−
(vii) 6
(Viii) (ix) -1

3. π⁄5 9. 1

60
√
12. tan = 2 − √3 14.

E3
16.
√

20. Hint: Let tan =

ID
tan =

tan =
U

Then given, + + =
YG

+ = −

Take tangent on both sides

D

tan( + ) = tan( − )
U

22. ∅= 23. X = -1
ST

24. =−
1 1
25. (i) x = − 12 (ii) x = 0, 2

(iii) x=13 (iv) x=1

25 [Class XII : Maths]