6, 18, 27, 28, 30, 33, 39, 45, 47

Three Kinds of Words in Arabic

There are three kinds of words in Arabic:

big words
1) Ism: The name of a person, place, thing, idea, adjective,
adverb and more. = special mudhaf

big words
2) Fi’l: A word that has a tense (past, present or future)

small words
3) Harf: A word that makes no sense unless another word
comes after it.

Write the alternative definitions for these words below:

1) Ism: if it ain't fi'l, and it it ain't harf, it gotta be ism.

2) Fi’l: if it ain't ism, and it ain't harf, it gotta be Fi'l.

3) Harf: if it ain't ism, and if it aim't fi'l, it gotta be harf.

Identify whether the words in the table below are isms, fi’ls or harfs.

table cats in
Dallas of loudly
jumps peace tall
from slept soundly
on freedom red
a Makkah mother
at students rollercoaster
cake typing house
country America smiles

Dream Worldwide 1
Every ism has four properties.

Write the four properties of the ism here

(1) status (2) number (3) gender (4) type

Three Forms of Status

ُ ْ
(SUBJECT) Doer of the act: ‫ َﻣْﺮﻓْﻮع‬/ ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬Raf (R)

ْ ْ َ
(OBJECT) Detail of the act: ‫ َﻣﻨُﺼْﻮب‬/ ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬Nasb (N)

َْ
(POSSESSIVE) Word after ‘of’: ‫ ﻣُﺮْور‬/ ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬Jarr (J)

Examples:
R N
A teacher entered the classroom.

R J N
A student of his was sleeping soundly.

R N
The teacher threw a pencil.

J R N
The teacher’s student woke up suddenly.

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Three forms of status. Place an R, N, or J over the highlighted words.

N
1) My teacher drinks chocolate milk regularly.

R
2) He doesn’t like vegetables or fruits.

N
3) He buys his chocolate milk happily.

N
4) He knows his children like it, but he doesn’t share.

J N
5) My teacher also likes yummy shawarmas.

N
6) His students also like shawarmas.

N
7) He buys shawarmas for his class sometimes.

N
8) My teacher loses his phone often.

N
9) My teacher patiently explains hard concepts.

N
10) May Allah (swt) forgive my teachers.

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 How To Tell Status
ْ
‫ َرﻓﻊ‬Raf’ Recognition:

◌
ُ (u) or ◌ٌ (un) ending for singular

‫( ا‬aa) or ‫( اِن‬aani) ending for pair

َ
‫( و‬oo) or ‫( ون‬oona) ending for plural
ُ ٌ
‫( آت‬aatu) or ‫( آت‬aatun) ending for plural feminine
ْ َ
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬Nasb Recognition:

◌َ (a) or ◌ً (an) ending for singular

‫◌ْي‬َ (ay) or‫(َ◌ﻳِْﻦ‬ayni) ending for pair

‫◌ْي‬ َ ‫(◌ْﻓ‬eena)
ِ (ee) or ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ending for plural

‫( آِت‬aati) or ‫( آٍت‬aatin) ending for plural feminine

‫ َﺟّﺮ‬Jarr Recognition:

◌ِ (i) or ◌ٍ (in) ending for singular

‫◌ْي‬َ (ay) or‫(َ◌ﻳِْﻦ‬ayni) ending for pair

‫◌ْي‬ َ ‫(◌ْﻓ‬eena)
ِ (ee) or ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ending for plural

‫( آِت‬aati) or ‫( آٍت‬aatin) ending for plural feminine

Dream Worldwide 4
4 types of Ism: Status, Number, Gender, Type.

STATUS (4 lessons):

1. Forms of Status: R, N,J

2. How to tell Status?

a) by ending sounds (u r, a N, I J)
b) by ending combinations:
i) 2 combinations: Aani 2r, Ayni 2nj

ii) 3 or more combinations (people): Oona 3r, Eena 3nj

iii) 3 or more fem. combinations: Aatun 3rf, aatin 3njf
c) pronouns are crazy. They don't care about Ending Sound or Ending Combination.

3. Light Status vs Heavy Status:

i) All of p.6 is Heavy

ii) All of p.6 could be light
iii) To make it light, remove:
a) Tanween
b) Extra Noon
iv) Making a word light means removing the extra 'N', not any other 'N'. For eg: In the word Numanu, we don't remove the 'n'
because it's not extra but the very part of the word Numan.
v) There are four reasons to make a word light. Without them, a word should be heavy.

vi) If there is '‫( لأ‬al)' on a word, then we don't care to ask the question if it's Light vs Heavy.

4. Flexibility of Status:
i) Fully flexible (un/an/in). For eg: Muhammad, or all on p.6
ii) Partly flexible (u/a/a): Places, non-arabs. For eg: Yusuf
iii) Non-Flexible (no change): For eg: Musa

NUMBER:

Plural

1. Masculine Plural (i.e., used for people) (oona,eena, oo, ee) p.6
2. Feminine Plural (aatun, aatin, aatu, aati) p.6
3. Broken Plurals: When the singular word is broken in its plural version. Eg: masjid>masaajid.

a) Human Broken Plurals can be treated as 'she'.

b) Non-Human Broken Plurals must be treated as 'she'.

4. Plural because the Arabs said so. Eg: Qawn, naas, qarn.

GENDER:

Masculine vs Feminine

We will study Feminine specifically because the custom is to prove a word feminine and if we can't, it's automatically Masculine.
Write the status (raf, nasb or jarr) of the words below. Indicate if the status is
determined by ending sound or ending combination.
Word Status Sound/Combo? Word Status Sound/Combo?
ْ
1. ‫ﺎُس‬B‫اﺠ‬ 1R 2. ‫ﻜﺘَﺎَب‬ ِ ‫اﻟ‬
1N

َْ َ ْ ‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ‬
3. ‫ﻏﻔٍﺲ‬ 1J 4. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ 3NJ

5. ‫َواِﺣَﺪٍة‬ 1J 6. ‫ِﻋَﻮًﺟﺎ‬ 1N

َ ْ
7.
َ ‫ا‬
‫ﷲ‬ 1N 8. ‫اﻛَﻨُْﻮن‬ 3R

َ ْ ْ ْ
9. ‫اﻟ َﺒِﻴْﺚ‬ 1N 10. ‫اﻛَﺤَﺮﻳِْﻦ‬ 2NJ

‫ﺐ‬ ّ‫ﻄﻴ‬B‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫َﺻﺎِﺑًﺮا‬

11. ِ ِ ِ 1J 12. 1N

ُ
13. ‫ُﺣْﻮﺑًﺎ‬ 1N 14. ‫ﺴِﻔﻴْﻨَﺔ‬B‫اﻟ‬ 1R

َ َُ ْ َْ
15. ‫ﺛﻼث‬ 1N 16. ‫اﻷرِض‬ 1J

ًَْ
17. ‫ِﻧﻠﺔ‬ 1N-F 18. ‫َﺻﺎِﻟَﺎٍت‬ 3nj-f

ْ َ ٌ َ َ‫ﺑ‬
19. ‫ﻫﻨِﻴﺌًﺎ‬ 1N 20. ‫ﺸ‬ 1R

َ َ ْ َْْ ْ
21. ‫اِن‬oِ‫اﻟﻮا‬ 2R 22. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺰﺑ‬ ِ ‫ا‬ 2NJ

َ ْ ُ ََْْ ْ
23. ‫اﻷﻗﺮﺑﻮن‬ 3R 24. ‫ﺑ ُِﺴﻠَﻄﺎٍن‬ 1J

ََُْْْ َ ْ ‫ﻜﺌ‬B‫ُﻣﺘ‬
25. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻷﻧﺜﻴ‬ 2NJ 26. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ
3NJ

ْ َ B َْ
27. ‫اﻟُّﺮﺑُُﻊ‬ 1R
28. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻨ ﺘ‬
2NJ

ْ َ ً َ
29. ‫ﻓَﻦ‬o ِ ِ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ 3NJ 30. ‫ﻗﺎﺋَِﻤﺔ‬ 1N-F­­

َ ْ ْ
31. ‫اﻟُﻤﺠِﺮُﻣْﻮن‬ 3R 32. ‫ﺴَﻤﺎَء‬B‫اﻟ‬ 1N
ْ
33. ‫ُﻣﻨِﺬِرﻳَْﻦ‬ 3NJ 34. ‫َﺳَﻤﺎَواٍت‬ 3NJ-F

‫ﻴ‬
َْ َُ َ ْ ّ‫اﻟ ُْﻤﻀﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﻟِﻐﻼﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ِ 3NJ
35. 36.

Dream Worldwide 5
 Status

Forms How to Tell Light v Heavy Flexibility

َ َ ْ
MASCULINE Plural ‫ﺟْﻊ‬ Pair‫ﻨ‬B‫ُﻣﺜ‬ Singular ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد‬
َ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬
3R 2R 1R ْ
Raf ‫َرﻓﻊ‬

3N َ ْ 2N ْ َ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠِﻤﻴ‬ ْ ‫ُﻣ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠﻤﺎ‬
1N ً
‫ﻴ‬ِ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬ِ ‫ﺴ‬ َ
Nasb ‫ﻧْﺼﺐ‬

3J َ ْ 2J ْ َ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠِﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ْ ‫ُﻣ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠٍﻢ‬
1J
ِ ِ َ
Jarr ‫ﺟّﺮ‬

َْ َ ْ
FEMININE Plural ‫ﺟﻊ‬ Pair‫ﻨ‬B‫ُﻣﺜ‬ Singular ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد‬
ٌ ٌَ ْ ُ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎِن‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺔ‬ ْ
Raf ‫َرﻓﻊ‬

ََْ ْ ُ ً
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎٍت‬ ‫ﻴ‬ِ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬ َ
Nasb ‫ﻧْﺼﺐ‬

ََْ ْ ُ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎٍت‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤٍﺔ‬ َ
Jarr ‫ﺟّﺮ‬

َ َ ْ
BROKEN PLURAL Plural ‫ﺟْﻊ‬ Pair‫ﻨ‬B‫ُﻣﺜ‬ Singular ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد‬
ٌ‫أَﻗَْﻼم‬ َ
‫ﻗﻠﻤﺎِن‬
ََ ٌ‫َﻗَﻠﻢ‬ ْ
Raf ‫َرﻓﻊ‬

ً‫أَﻗَْﻼﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
َََْ ََ
‫ﻗﻠًﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
َ
Nasb ‫ﻧْﺼﺐ‬

ََْ َََْ ََ
‫أﻗﻼٍم‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻗﻠٍﻢ‬ َ
Jarr ‫ﺟّﺮ‬

Dream Worldwide 6
 If there is '‫( لأ‬al)' on a word, then we don't care to ask the question if it's Light vs Heavy.

Light vs. Heavy

Normally an ‫ اﺳﻢ‬should be heavy. All the words in the Muslim chart

are heavy.

An ism is made light by removing the extra ‘n’ sound. Do this by:

• Removing the double accent (tanween) OR

• Remove the extra ‫ ن‬at the end of the ism.

NOTE: ‫ ال‬doesn’t like tanween, but an ism with ‫ ال‬isn’t considered light.

The Muslim chart in light form:

Masculine Feminine

ُ ُ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬
ْ ِ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِت‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻤ‬ْ ِ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬

‫ﻤ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠِﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِت‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤِﺔ‬

Identify whether the following words are light (L) or heavy (H)
1. ‫ﻤ‬ ْ َ ‫ ُﻣَﻌ ِّﻠ‬L 2. ‫ت‬
َ
ِ ‫ ﻃﺎِﻛَﺎ‬L 3. ‫ﻤﻴﺺ‬
ٌ ْ ‫ َﻗ‬H
ِ
َْ َ
4. ‫ ﻗﻴﻨﺎ‬2R 5. ‫ت‬
َ َ
ِ ‫ ﻛِﻤﺎ‬3NJ
6. ‫ﺔ‬
َ ‫َﺳﻔْﻴ‬L; 1J-F 7. ‫ ُرُﺳًﻼ‬H; 1N 8. ‫ َرُﺳﻮَﻻ‬L; 2R 9. ‫ اْﻛَُﻨْﻮَن‬doesn't 10. ‫ َﻗْﻮًﻻ‬H; 1N
‫ﻨ‬
ِ ِ matter

11. ‫ب‬
ْ ‫ ُﻗُﻠ‬H; 1J 12. ‫ ﻧَﺴﺎُء‬L; 1R 13. ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ِ ُ ْ ‫ َأَﺳﺎِﻃ‬L; 1R 14. ‫ُﻣَْﺘِﻠُﻔْﻮَن‬H; 3R 15. ‫ﻨَﻢ‬B‫ َﺟَﻬ‬L; 1N
ٍ
َ َ َ َ ‫َﻛَﻮا‬L; 1N 18. ‫ ﻟَْﻐًﻮا‬H; 1N DOESN'T َ ُ ْ َ L; 1R
16. ‫ ﺣﺪاﺋِﻖ‬L; 1N 17. ‫ﻋﺐ‬ ِ 19. ‫ت‬
MATTERِ ‫ﺎِﺷﻄﺎ‬B‫اﺠ‬ 20. ‫ﺪﻳﺚ‬ ِ‫ﺣ‬
ً َ ْ َ H; 1N ْ
21. ‫ﻌﺒة‬ ِ‫ﻟ‬
َ
‫ اﻟُﻤَﺘَﻨﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬23. ‫ﻤ‬
DOESN'T
22. MATTER ْ ِ ِ ‫ َﻇﺎﻟ‬L; 3NJ 24. ‫ ﺛُُﻠَﺜﺎ‬L; 2R 25. ‫ﻋ‬ ْ َ ‫ ِذَرا‬L; 2NJ

Dream Worldwide 7
 There are only FOUR reasons for an ism to be light. Write them
below as we learn them:
1) Partly flexible ISMS

2) Mudafah

3) The one being called

4) Absolutely NO

Note: remember 'al' doesn't make a word light. It just doesn't exist with Tanween. But 'al' is coexists with extra
'n' that makes a word heavy.

Dream Worldwide 8
 Flexibility

There are three categories of flexibility:

1) Fully flexible
• Most isms are fully flexible.
• Can be heavy or light.
ْ ْ َ
• Can show all statuses (‫َرﻓﻊ‬, ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬, and ‫)َﺟّﺮ‬
• Muslim chart on page 6

2) Non Flexible
• Only have one form.
• Looks the same in all statuses.
• Some words that are non-flexible:
َ ْ ُ َُْ
o Words ending in alif eg: n‫دﻏﻴﺎ ﻣﻮ‬

o Single & Plural ism mowsool (listed below)

ْ B َB ْ ˜B‫ا‬
‫˜ﻓَﻦ‬ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬
ِ ‫ا‬ ˜ ‫ا‬ * ‫ي‬ ِ
the ones who(m) the two who(m) the one who(m)
ْ ‫ﻻ‬B‫ ا‬/ k
š ْ ‫ﻻ‬B‫ا‬ B
‫*اﻛَﺎِن‬ ْ B‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ‬
ِ ِ ِ
the ones who(f) the two who(f) the one who(f)

*Partly Flexible
‫َﻣْﻦ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬
Whoever(m) Whatever(m/f)

o The singular and the plural pointing words

َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َٰ ْ ُ
‫ﻫﺬا‬, ِ‫ﻫِﺬه‬, ‫ﻫﺆﻻِء‬, ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬, ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ‬, ‫أوﺤِﻚ‬
3) Partly Flexible
• Cannot be heavy and cannot take a kasrah at the end.
ْ ْ َ
• Has two forms: one for ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬and one form for ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬and ‫َﺟّﺮ‬

Dream Worldwide 9
Partly Flexible: A Closer Look

Words that are partly flexible:

• Proper names of places, whether Arab or not
o Exception: names of places spelled with 3 letters
Examples:
How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf
Arab place َB َB ُB
( > 3 letters ) ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬
partly flexible
Non-Arab place
َ َ ُ
( > 3 letters ) ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬ ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬ ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬
partly flexible
ْ ًْ ٌ ْ
Exception: place with only 3 letters,
‫َﻋﺪٍن‬ ‫َﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫َﻋﺪن‬
fully flexible

• Non-Arab Proper names:

o Exception: non-Arab names spelled with 3 letters
o Based on hadith, there are four Arab Prophets. The rest are non-
َُ ٌ ُ ٌ ‫ُﺷَﻌْﻴ‬
Arabs. They are: (1) ‫ﻤٌﺪ‬B‫( ﻣ‬2)‫( َﺻﺎﻟٌِﺢ‬3)‫( ﻫْﻮد‬4)‫ﺐ‬
Examples:
How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf
َُ ً َُ ٌ َُ
Arab name,
fully flexible
‫ﻤٍﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺪا‬B‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬
Non-Arab name,
partly flexible
‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴَْﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴَْﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴُْﻢ‬
ُ ُ ٌ ُ
Exception: Non-Arab name 3 letters,
fully flexible
‫ﻧْﻮٍح‬ ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧْﻮح‬

Are the following words Fully(F), Partly(P), or Non-Flexible(N)?

َ B َ ْ َ ْ ‫َر‬ ْ
1. n‫ ُﻣْﻮ‬N 2. ‫ َﺟﻨﺔ‬F 3. ‫ ﻳُْﻮُﺳﻒ‬P 4. n‫ ِﻋﻴ‬P 5. ‫ﺣﺔ‬ 6. ‫ُﺳﻠَﻄﺎن‬
ُ َُ َ َ
7. ‫ﻟْﻮط‬ 8. ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬ 9. ‫َﺳِﻔْﻴَﻨﺔ‬ 10. ‫َﺻﺎِﺣﺐ‬ 11. ‫َﻣْﺴِﺠﺪ‬ 12. ‫ﻫﺬا‬
َ َ َ ََ ْ ّ
13. ‫ داﻟﺲ‬p 14. ‫آدم‬ 15. ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ 16. ‫ُﻣَﺼْﻴِﻄﺮ‬ 17. ‫ِﻓْﺮَﻋْﻮن‬ 18. ‫˜ﻛَﺮى‬ ِ ‫ا‬
َ َُْْ َ
19. ‫إِْﻃَﻌﺎم‬ 20. ‫ﻳَِﺘْﻴﻢ‬ 21. ‫ﻧﺎر‬ 22. ‫َرُﺳْﻮل‬ 23. k‫اﻷﻧ‬ 24. ‫ِاﺑِْﺘﻐﺎء‬
َ ْ ُّ َ َ
25. ‫َرّب‬ 26. ‫َﻋﻠﻖ‬ 27. َٰ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ‬ 28. ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴﻢ‬ 29. ‫ﻟَﻬﺐ‬ 30. ‫أَﺣﺪ‬

Dream Worldwide 10
 Number
1) Normal masculine plural (Muslim chart)
2) Normal feminine plural (Muslim chart)
3) Human broken plural
4) Non-human broken plural
ٌ َ ٌ َ َ
5) Plural by meaning (Eg: people ‫ﻧﺎس‬, generation ‫ﻗْﺮن‬, nation ‫)ﻗْﻮٌم‬
Broken Plurals
BPs don’t have plural endings like those in the Muslim chart. Broken
plurals have ending sounds. They can only be identified through
vocabulary, otherwise they look singular.

Human Broken Plurals: can be treated as she

َ ٌ ُ َ َ
• BPs representing intelligent beings. eg: ‫ُﻋﻠَﻤﺂُء‬, ‫ ُرُﺳﻞ‬, ‫َﻣﻼﺋِﻜﺔ‬
• Treated as “she” or what they really are “they”.
Non-Human Broken Plural must be treated as she
ٌ ‫ب َﻣَﺴﺎﺟُﺪ ُﻛُﺘ‬ َ
ٌ ‫ﻛ‬
• BPs representing non intelligent beings. Eg: ‫ﺐ‬ ِ ِ
ALL non-human plurals (broken or not) are treated as a “she”.

Word Meaning Treatment? Word Meaning Treatment?

َ ُْ
َ ْ ‫ﻜ ّﺬﺑ‬ ٌ
‫آﻳَﺎت‬
the perpetual miraculous
1. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ plural 9. sing, fem
liars signs
َ ْ ٌ َ َ‫ﺑ‬
2. ‫ﻟَﺒﺎل‬ ِ ‫ا‬
the
10. ‫ﺸ‬ a person 1M-R
mountains
ْ
3. ‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ faces
1F-R 11. ‫اﻟ َِﺤْﻴَﻢ‬ hellfire 1F-N (arabs)
ْ
‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎَء‬ ‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬
the 1M-J
4. women 12.
elephant
َ ‫اْﻛ‬ ُ َْ
5. ‫ﺤﺎُر‬ ِ seas 1F-R 13. ‫اﻷْرض‬ the earth 1F-R (arabs)
َ ْ ٌ َ ْ َ
‫اﻟُﻤَﺘَﻨﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬
those who 1F-R
6. 3M-R 14. ‫أﻗﻤﺎل‬ deeds
race/compete
ُْ َُ َ َْ
7. ‫اﻟﻘُﺒْﻮِر‬ the graves 15. ‫ﻜﺔ‬ ِ‫ اﻟﻤﻼﺋ‬the angels 1F-R, 3M-R

ُ ْ َْ ُ َ
8. ‫ا َﻛﻴَِّﻨﺔ‬ clear proof 16. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫رﺟﻠ‬ two men 2M-NJ

Dream Worldwide 11
FEMININE BECAUSE THE ARABS SAID SO…

During a ‫َﺣْﺮب‬, a soldier was daydreaming looking up at the ‫ َﺳَﻤﺂء‬until

war sky

َ
the ‫ ﺷْﻤﺲ‬came up. When he snapped out of it, he realized he was the
sun

َْ َ
only ‫ ﻏﻔﺲ‬left on the battlefield. He was surrounded by ‫ ﻧﺎر‬so he used a
person fire

َْ َ
‫ دﻟﻮ‬full of water to make a ‫ َﺳِﺒﻴْﻞ‬and a ‫ َﻃِﺮﻳْﻖ‬all the way to safer ‫أْرض‬. In
bucket path path land

ْ
the hot blowing ‫ ِرﻳْﺢ‬he was desperately looking for a ‫ ِﺑﺌ‬to draw water
wind well

َ َْ
from. In his search, he found an empty ‫ دار‬inside which he finds a ‫ﻛﺄس‬
house cup

َْ B
full of ‫ﺧﺮ‬ . He is tempted despite his fear of ‫ َﺟَﻬﻨﻢ‬and ‫ﺴِﻌﻴ‬B‫ اﻟ‬to take a sip
wine hell hell

but wards off his temptation and uses his ‫ َﻋَﺼﺎ‬to strike the drink.
staff

Dream Worldwide 12
 Gender
Masculine
• Default
Feminine
· ُ ٌ ََ
• Real Feminine eg: ‫( أم‬mother) ‫( ﻧﻘَﺮة‬cow)
• Fake Feminine
ٰ ‫( آء‬in some cases)
o ‫ى ة‬
o Non-Human Broken Plurals
o Proper name of places
o Body parts in pairs
o Because the Arabs said so (pg. 12)
How’s it How’s it
Word Meaning Word Meaning
treated? treated?
َ ُْ
َ ْ ‫ﻜ ّﺬﺑ‬ ٌ
‫ﻴ‬ ِِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ the perpetual liars plural, masc ‫ آﻳَﺎت‬3r-feminine, rafa,
miraculous signs sing, fem
َ ْ ٌ َ َ ‫ ﺑ‬1-massculine-rafa
‫ﻟَﺒﺎل‬ ِ ‫ا‬ the mountains ‫ﺸ‬ a person
ْ 1- feminen (because arabs said so)
‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ ‫اﻟ َِﺤْﻴَﻢ‬
nasab-
faces hellfire
jarr-ْ 1- masculine
‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎَء‬ women ‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬ the elephant

َ ‫اْﻛ‬ ُ َ ْ 1- feminine (because arabs said so)

‫ﺤﺎُر‬ ‫اﻷْرض‬
rafa-
ِ seas the earth

َ ْ ٌ َ ْ َ1- feminine
‫اﻟُﻤَﺘَﻨﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬
rafa-
those who
race/compete
‫أﻗﻤﺎل‬ deeds

ُْ ُ َ 1f/ َ ْ
‫اﻟﻘُﺒْﻮِر‬ ‫ﻟَﻤﻼﺋِﻜ‬3m
broken plural
the graves 1-f -- Jarr ‫ﺔ‬rafa- ‫ ا‬the angels ***imp
ُ ْ َ ْ ُ‫اﻟْﻴ‬
‫اﻛَ ِّﻴَﻨﺔ‬ ٰ ‫ﺴ‬
singular
clear proof feminine light-- rafa ‫ى‬ the easiest r/n/j-- 1- f

ٌ َ
‫ُرُﺳﻞ‬ messengers ‫ﻧﺎٍر‬ a fire
َ Nasb--singular-- َ ْ ْ ُ ْ
‫ﺴﺎﺋِﻞ‬B‫اﻟ‬ the one who asksmasculine ‫اﻟﻤﺆِﻣِﻨﻴ‬ the believers
n/j--3--m

Dream Worldwide 13
Tell the Status, Number and Gender of the following words:

Word Status/Number/Gender Word Status/Number/Gender

ُ ‫ُﺣ‬ ًَ َْ
1. ‫ﺠْﻮِر‬ J/S/F 17. ‫ﻛﺮة‬ِ ‫ﺗﺬ‬ n/s/f

ُ َ َْ َْ B
2. ‫أﻓﻤﺎن‬ R/S/F 18. ‫اﻟﺴِﺒﻴﻞ‬ n/s/f (p.12)

3. ‫ﺼﻨِﻴ‬
َ ْ ْ‫ُﻣ‬
ِ َ َْ
19. ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬

4. ‫ت‬
َّ َ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺒًﺎ‬
ٍ ‫ﺳِﻴﺌﺎ‬ 3nj-f 20. n/s/m

5. ‫ﺿﻴ‬
َ ْ ‫ُﻣْﻌﺮ‬ َ َ َ
21. ‫ﺣﺪاﺋِﻖ‬
ِ ِ 3nj-m

6. ‫ل‬
َ ّ َ ْ ‫ﻟﻠُْﻤَﻄ ّﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﻟ ِﻠِﺮﺟﺎ‬ 22. ‫ﻔﻴ‬ ِِ ِ
َ ْ ‫ُﻣَﺴﺎﻓ‬ ٌْ َ
7. ‫ﺤﻴ‬ ِ ِ 23. ‫ﻣﻴﺪ‬ ِ
8. ‫ﺔ‬
َ ْ َْ َ َْ
ِ ‫اﻟﻔِﺮﻳﻀ‬ j/s/f 24. ‫ﺔ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻐﺎِﺷﻴ‬ j/s/f
َُ َ r/s/f َ َ
9. ‫ﻗﺒﺔ‬ ِ‫ﺨ‬ 25. ‫ب‬ ٍ ‫ﻋ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺬ‬ j/s/m

َْ َ ُ َ َْ
10. ‫ﻗﺎﻧِﺘِﻴ‬ nj/p/m 26. ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬ r/s/m

َْ َ َْ ْ
11. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻠﻜ‬
nj/2/m 27. ‫ﻔُﺲ‬B‫اﺠ‬ r/s/f (p.12)

ًَ َ ُB َ ْ ُْ
12. ‫ﺗﺎرة‬ ِ n/s/f 28. ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻤﺌِﻨﺔ‬ r/s/f

ََْ
13. ‫ﻴ‬ِ ‫ِﻣﺌﺘ‬ nj/2/f 29. o ٍ ِ ‫َوا‬ j/s/m

ًْ َ ٌ َ
14. ‫ﻃﻮﻻ‬ n/s/m 30. ‫ﻧﺎر‬ r/s/f (p.12)

ُ َْ ْ َ َْ
15. ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ِ ‫ا‬ 31. ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬
r/s/m
ِ j/s/m

ََ ُ n/s/f (non-human َ B
16. ‫ﺳﻨ‬ broken plural are 32. ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِﻞ‬ n/s/m
always 1f

Dream Worldwide 14
 Common vs. Proper
Common
• Default
7 Kinds of Proper
1) Words with ‫ال‬
2) Proper names
3) The one being called
4) Pronouns (page 18) he, you, etc.
َ
5) Ism Ishaarah (pointer words) eg: ‫( ﻫﺬه ﺗﻠﻚ‬page 30) this, that, those, these
B
6) Ism Mowsool eg: ‫˜ْي َﻣﺎ َﻣْﻦ‬
ِ ‫ا‬
7) The word before “of” if the word after “of” is proper mudaf mudafilaih
For example, in the following ayaat, the highlighted words are
proper.
َ ُْ
ٰ ‫ﺤِﻒ اﻷْو‬
¿ ْ ِ َ‫ن َ ٰﻫَﺬا ﻟ‬Bِ‫ إ‬Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, (87:18)
ُ ‫ﻔ اﻟُّﺼ‬

ٰ َ ‫ﺤِﻒ إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ َوُﻣْﻮ‬

n ُ ‫ ُﺻ‬The scriptures of Abraham and Moses. (87:19)

َ َ ْ َ َٰ · َ َ َ
‫ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ وأﻧﺖ ِﺣﻞ ِﺑﻬﺬا اﻛ‬And you, [Muhammad], are free of restriction in this city (90:2)
َ ْ ََ َ ُْ ُ َ ْ َُ َ َ َ
‫ﷲ َوُﺳﻘَﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﷲ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬
ِ ‫ ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﻬﻢ رﺳﻮل ا‬And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do

not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink." (91:13)
َ َ َ‫ ﻳ‬Æُ َ ‫ﺗ َﻣﺎ‬
ٰB‫ﺘ‬ ْ ‫˜ْي ﻳُْﺆ‬ B
‫ﻛ‬ ِ ِ ‫[ ا‬He] who gives [from] his wealth to purify himself (92:18)

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Indicate whether the words are common(C) or proper(P).
Word C/P Reason Word C/P Reason
َْْ َْ
1. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧ‬ 1. ‫ﻳَﺎ آَدُم‬
َ ْ ‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ‬
‫ﻴ‬ َ ‫ﺸ‬B‫اﻟ‬
َ‫ﺠَﺮة‬
2. ِِ 2.

ُ
3. ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ 3. ‫َﻣَﺮًﺿﺎ‬
َ
4. !oُ ‫ﻳَﺎ َو‬ 4. ‫ُﻫَﻮ‬
ْ ˜B‫ا‬ َ
5. ‫ي‬ ِ 5. ‫أْرًﺿﺎ‬

‫ﻴ‬َ ْ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﺠﺎِس‬B‫ا‬

6. ِِ 6.
ُ َُ َ
7. ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫رﺳﻮل ا‬ 7. ‫َﺳْﻮَط َﻋﺬاٍب‬
the messenger of Allah a scourge of punishment
َ
8. ‫َﻣْﺮَﻳَﻢ‬ 8. ‫ِﻓْﺮَﻋْﻮن‬
ً ْ B
9. ‫ُﻣَﺼ ِّﺪﻗﺎ‬ 9. ‫ا ِ˜ﻓَﻦ‬
ً B َُ ْ ْ
10. ‫ﻣﻤﺪا‬ 10. ‫ﺘِﻴَﻢ‬Éَ ‫ا‬
َْ B
11. ‫اﻟﺴِﻔﻴﻨِﺔ‬ 11. ‫ى‬ٰ ‫ا ِّ˜ْﻛَﺮ‬
ُ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ
12. ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ ر ا‬ 12. ‫ب اﻟَﻤْﻴَﻤَﻨِﺔ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎ‬
the fire of Allah the people of the right
ُ َ B
13. ‫ﻧ ِﺴﺎء‬ 13. ِ ‫اﻟﺼﺎِﻟ َﺎ‬
‫ت‬
َْ ْ ُ َ
14. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺆِﻣﻨ‬ 14. ‫ﺧﺎِﻃَﺌٍﺔ‬
ٌَْ
15. ‫ﻛﻨ‬ 15. nَ‫ُﻣْﻮ‬
ْ B َ ْ َ َ ُّ َ
16. ‫ﺲ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻄِﻠﻊ اﻟﺸﻤ‬ 16. ‫ﻓﻚ َرﻗَﺒٍﺔ‬
the rising of the sun freeing of a slave
َ َٰ
17. ‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ 17. ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬
َُ
18. ‫ﻏﻼٍم‬ 18. ‫ﺠِﻌْﻴِﻢ‬B‫ا‬

Dream Worldwide 16
 ‫‪we can't determine the 'type' of a light ism without more info.‬‬

‫)‪Write the four properties of each of the words (Status/Number/Gender/Type‬‬

‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬ ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬ ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ا ِ‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎِﺟِﺪﻓَﻦ‬
‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪5.‬‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫آِﻳَﻴﺔ‬
‫َْ َْْ‬ ‫ُ ً‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧ ِ‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫أ‪B‬ﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪9.‬‬ ‫أ ٍ ّم‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫ِذَرا َ ْ‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻴْ َ ٰ‬ ‫‪12.‬‬ ‫ﺠﺎِر‬ ‫اﻟُْﻔ ‪B‬‬
‫ﻷﻏَْﻬﺎرُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪14.‬‬ ‫اﺠ‪B‬ﺎِس‬ ‫‪15.‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎِﺣَﺮاِن‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤَﺮاِت‬ ‫ا ‪B‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎِﺣٍﺮ‬
‫‪16.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪17.‬‬ ‫‪18.‬‬

‫ُﻣْﺆﻣﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ُْ َ َ‬
‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪20.‬‬ ‫َﺳِﺒْﻴٍﻞ‬ ‫‪21.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔْﺮﻗﺎن‬
‫ْ َ َ‬
‫‪22.‬‬ ‫َﻣْﺮﻳََﻢ‬ ‫‪23.‬‬ ‫اﻟَﻤﻼﺋِﻜِﺔ‬ ‫‪24.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‪B‬ﺴَﻤﺎَواِت‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫داﻟَﺲ‬ ‫‪26.‬‬ ‫ﺜَب‬ ‫ﻳ ِ‬ ‫‪27.‬‬ ‫اﻷرِض‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪28.‬‬ ‫َرُﺳْﻮﻻِن‬ ‫‪29.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬ ‫‪30.‬‬ ‫َو ً‪o‬ا‬
‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪31.‬‬ ‫آﻳَﺔ‬ ‫‪32.‬‬ ‫َراِﺟُﻌْﻮن‬ ‫‪33.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋٌِﻢ‬
‫َ ُ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟَْﻐﺎﻓﻠ ْ َ‬
‫‪34.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫رﺟﻠ ِ‬ ‫‪35.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻘَﻴﺎَﻣِﺔ‬ ‫‪36.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َْ ‪ْ َ B‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪37.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫اﻟﻨﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪38.‬‬ ‫ﻣِﺮٌج‬ ‫‪39.‬‬ ‫ﻳُْﻮُﺳﻒ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫‪40.‬‬ ‫إِﺑِْﻠﻴَﺲ‬ ‫‪41.‬‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ ُْﺴ َ ٰ‬ ‫‪42.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻨَﺴﺎَء‬
‫ُ ً‬ ‫ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫‪43.‬‬ ‫اﻟِّﺮﻳُْﺢ‬ ‫‪44.‬‬ ‫ﻗْﺮآﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪45.‬‬ ‫ﺼ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﻣْ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪46.‬‬ ‫ﺠْﻮُﺑْﻮن‬ ‫‪47.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘَﺼِﺺ‬ ‫‪48.‬‬ ‫ِﻛَﺘﺎٌب‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َأَﺳﺎِﻃ ْ ُ‬
‫‪49.‬‬ ‫اﻷْﺳَﻮاِق‬ ‫‪50.‬‬ ‫ﻏَﺒﺎٍت‬ ‫‪51.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟَْﻌﺎﻟ َﻤ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎِﻫٍﺪ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َُْ‬
‫ﻣﻔْﻮٍظ‬
‫‪52.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪53.‬‬ ‫‪54.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُْ‬

‫‪55.‬‬ ‫اﺠ‪B‬ﺠُﻢ‬ ‫‪56.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘَﻤَﺮ‬ ‫‪57.‬‬ ‫اﻷو ٰ‬
‫¿‬

‫‪Dream Worldwide 17‬‬

 Pronouns
Raf “They” Raf “Both of them” Raf “He”
ُ ُ ُ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫَﻮ‬

3rd Person Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ ِﻫْﻢ‬or ‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ ِﻫَﻤﺎ‬or ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ِه‬or ‫ُه‬
Raf “They (f)” Raf “Both of them (f)” Raf “She”
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ َ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ِﻫ‬or ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ ِﻫَﻤﺎ‬or ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬

ْ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻢ‬ َ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻤﺎ‬ َ‫َأﻧْﺖ‬

Raf “You (m. pl)” Raf “both of you” Raf “You(m.s)”

2nd Person Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ﻛْﻢ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫َك‬

B‫َأﻧُْﺘ‬ َ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻤﺎ‬ َْ “You(f)”

Raf “You (f.pl)” Raf “both of you (f)” Raf

‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫أﻧ‬
Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِك‬

ُ‫َﻧْﻦ‬ ََ
Raf “We” Raf “I”

‫أﻧﺎ‬
1st Person
Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) ْ nasb / ‫ ْي‬jarr

k
َ ِ
‫ﻧﺎ‬
(both are attached)

Dream Worldwide 18
Write your pronoun notes here:

1) An independent pronoun is always in the __________

rafa status

2) An attached pronoun is nasb in two cases:

i. attached to a fi'l

ii. attached to Harf of Nasb

3) An attached pronoun is jarr in two cases:

i. when it's attached to an ISM, it forms mudhaf & mudhaf ilaih

ii. WHEN IT'S ATTACHED TO HARF OF JARR

Dream Worldwide 19
Pronoun Practice: Give the 4 properties of the pronouns below, and
translate the pronoun. Some examples have been done for you.
َْ fil َ ُ ُ ُ ْ َ
1.
ُ
‫ﻫَﻮ‬ R/S/M/P he/it 2. ‫ﻧُﻦ‬ R
3. ‫ﻳﻨﺼﻛﻤﺎ‬ J

fi'l َ َ َ َ fil َ ُ َ َ ْ َ B‫أَﻧُْﺘ‬

4. ‫ ﻧﺼﻫﺎ‬N/S/F/P her/it 5. ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻬﻤﺎ‬ N 6. R

ََْ َ
HoJ ismB ُ ُ َ
8. ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻜﻦ‬
َ‫أَﻧْﺖ‬
7. ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ j/ ِ J 9.
R

ُ fil ُ ْ ْ َ ْ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬
ism ْ َ
10.
ْ ‫ﻗﻮِﻣ‬ J 11. R 12. ‫ﻔﺮه‬ِ ‫ا ِﺳ ﺘ ﻐ‬ N

fil ْ ُ َ ُ HoJB ْ
َ َ َ
13. ‫وﻋﺪﻛﻢ‬ N 14. ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ R 15. ‫ِﻓﻴِﻬﻦ‬ J

ْ ُ Bَ
HoN
16. ‫ِﺑﺄﻏﻬﻢ‬ N
ismَ ُ ُ َ
17. ‫ﻧﺎﺻﻫﻤﺎ‬ ِ J 18.
َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬ R

ُ ismْ ُ ُّ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬
HoJ B
ْ
19. ‫ِإﻧِﻨ‬
J
20. R 21. ‫ﻛ ﻬﻢ‬ J

ََ R fil ْ ْ َ
‫ﻓﻬِﺪﻳِﻪ‬
HoN B
‫ِإﻧِﻨ‬
22. ‫أﻧﺎ‬ 23. N 24. N

fil َ ْ َ HoJْ ُ َ
‫َﻋﻠﻴْﻜﻢ‬
HoJُ ْ
25. ‫ِﻣﻨﻪ‬
J
26. ‫أﻟِﻘﻬﺎ‬ N 27. J

HoJ ism ّ َ fil َ ُ ّ َ ُ

28. ‫ِﺑِﻪ‬ J 29. ‫رﺑﻚ‬ِ ِ J 30. ‫ﻓﻌِﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬ N

Dream Worldwide 20
 َ َ ْ
Primary Rules for the Idhafah (‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ِ ‫)ا‬
َ
1. The ‫( ُﻣﻀﺎف‬word before “of”) should be:

a. Light

b. No alif-laam (‫)ال‬
َ َ
2. The ‫ِْﻪ‬Éِ‫( ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬word after “of”) should be

a. In ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬status

3. No long distance relationship

َ َ َ
4. The last property of the ‫ُﻣﻀﺎف‬, type, is dictated by the ‫ْ ِﻪ‬Éِ‫ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬

َ َ َ
5. Both the ‫ ُﻣﻀﺎف‬and the ‫ِْﻪ‬Éِ‫ ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬should be isms.

Basic Kinds of Idhafah

ْ
1. “of” translation eg: Imam of the masjid ‫إَِﻣﺎُم اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠِﺪ‬
ُ ْ
2. Pronoun attached to an ism eg: His house ‫ﺑَﻴُﺘﻪ‬
ْ َْ َ َْ
3. Special Mudhafs eg: Under the earth ‫ﺗﺖ اﻷرِض‬

Dream Worldwide 21
 Special Mudhafs
(usually doesn’t give an “of” meaning)

Special Mudhafs below are by default nasb status

besides, َ ُ
‫دْون‬ below
َ‫َﺗْﺖ‬ above
ََْ
‫ﻓﻮ ق‬
other than
َ ْ َ‫ﺑ‬ َ ْ ََْ
between ‫ﻴ‬ after ‫َﻧﻌﺪ‬ before ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
َْ َ ْ
‫َﻣَﻊ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺪ‬
with, at,
around,
surrounding
‫ﺣ ﻮل‬ with has,

َ‫َأَﻣﺎم‬
by/beside
ْ َُ َْ َ
especially
from
‫ن‬o behind ‫ﺧ ﻠﻒ‬ in front of

behind,
‫َوَرآَء‬ right in َ‫ﺪام‬B‫ُﻗ‬
beyond front of
Special mudhafs below can be raf/nasb/jar status

which, ُّ‫َأي‬ other ُ‫َﻏْﻴ‬ each, all,

every, the
ُّ ُ
‫ﻛ‬ some, ُ ْ
‫َﻧﻌﺾ‬
any than some of
whole

Dream Worldwide 22
‫‪Idhafah Practice: Tell whether each instance is an idhafah or not‬‬
‫ْ َُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤ ْ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﻳَﺪﺧﻞ اﻟ َ‪B‬ﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﺑَﺄًﺳﺎ ﺷِﺪﻳًْﺪا‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﺗِﺘِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﺠِﺮُﻣْﻮن ا‪B‬ﺠﺎَر‬
‫ﻜْﻢ‬
‫ﺑُْﺮَﻫﺎﻧَ ُ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ا‪B‬ﺗََﺬ ا ُ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ًََ َ ُ َْ‬ ‫ُّ َ‬
‫ﻛ َﻣﺜٍﻞ‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ رﺟﻠ ِ‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻛْﻨُﺘْﻢ َﺻﺎدﻗ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَْﻛ َ َ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪10.‬‬ ‫ﺚ أَﺳﻔﺎ‬ ‫اﻟِﺪﻳ ِ‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫ﺑَﻴَﻨُﻬَﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪12.‬‬ ‫ﺜ ْ‬
‫‪ٍn‬ء‬
‫َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ َْ ‪ْ َ B‬‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫أْرَﺑَﻌﺔ أﺷُﻬٍﺮ‬ ‫‪14.‬‬ ‫أﺣَﺴُﻦ َﻗَﻤﻼ‬ ‫‪15.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِﻛﺘﺎ اﻟﻨﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪16.‬‬ ‫َﻣَﻨَﻊ ا‪B‬ﺠﺎَس‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ُﻫَﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫َﻣَْﻤَﻊ ا ْ َﻛ ْ‬
‫‪17.‬‬ ‫ﻳَْﻮَم اﻟ َ ِ ّﺞ‬ ‫‪18.‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻜﻬِﻒ‬ ‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪20.‬‬ ‫ﺤَﺮْﻳِﻦ‬
‫َ ََ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُّ ‪َ B‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ َْ‬
‫‪21.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫و أذ ا ِ‬
‫ن‬ ‫‪22.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫رب اﻟﺴﻤﺎَوا ِ‬ ‫‪23.‬‬ ‫ﺟ‪B‬ﻨَﺘﻚ‬ ‫‪24.‬‬ ‫ﻴ ﻏﻔٍﺲ‬ ‫ﻏ ِ‬
‫ُُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َْ َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫ﻟْﻴَﻆ ﻗﻠْﻮِﺑِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪26.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎٍن ﺑ ِ ٍ‬ ‫‪27.‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎؤَﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪28.‬‬ ‫أﺑََﻮاُه‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﺑَﻌﺬاٍب َﻋِﻠﻴٍﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ب ُر ْ ً‬ ‫أَْﻗَﺮ َ‬
‫‪29.‬‬ ‫‪30.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫تا ِ‬ ‫آﻳﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪31.‬‬ ‫دْوِن ا ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪32.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎ‬
‫َﻓْﻬِﺪ ا ُ‬ ‫ْ َ َُ‬ ‫َ ُّ ْ ْ َ ْ‬
‫‪33.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ‪B‬ﺪِﺗِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪34.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪35.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫اﻟَﻮﻻﻳﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪36.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫أي اﻟِﺰﺑ ِ‬
‫ُ‪B‬‬ ‫َرُّﺑ ُ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ‪B‬‬
‫‪37.‬‬ ‫ﻛ َﻣْﺮَﺻٍﺪ‬ ‫‪38.‬‬ ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ‫‪39.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻣﺜﻞ اﻟ ََﻴﺎة‬ ‫‪40.‬‬ ‫ب اﻟﺸْﻤِﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻐِﺮ‬
‫َُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ََ ُ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪41.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔْﻮٌر َرِﺣْﻴٌﻢ‬ ‫‪42.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫َوﻋﺪ ا ِ‬ ‫‪43.‬‬ ‫ت اﻷَرِض‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪44.‬‬ ‫ُزَﺑَﺮ اﻟ َِﺪﻳِْﺪ‬
‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛ َ ْ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ََْ ‪َْ َ B‬‬
‫‪45.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺪ اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠِﺪ‬ ‫‪46.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳَﻤﺎِر‬ ‫‪47.‬‬ ‫‪ٍn‬ء‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪48.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ اﻟﺼﺪﻓ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬ ‫ت اﻟ‪B‬ﺼﺎﻟ َﺎ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫َٰ َ َ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫‪49.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻨﺪ َرُﺳْﻮ ِ ِ‪Æ‬‬ ‫‪50.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث ِﻣﺎﺋٍﺔ‬ ‫‪51.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻛﺎِﻗﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪52.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ر‬
‫َوأََﻗﺎُﻣْﻮا اﻟ‪B‬ﺼَﻼةَ‬ ‫‪ْ B‬‬
‫َﻣَﻊ ا ِ˜ﻓَﻦ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ُوﺿَﻊ اﻟْﻜَﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫‪ë‬‬‫َوْﻋُﺪ َر ّ ْ‬
‫‪53.‬‬ ‫‪54.‬‬ ‫‪55.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪56.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪57.‬‬
‫أَْﻓَﻤﺎَﻏُﻬﻢْ‬ ‫‪58.‬‬ ‫ُدْوﻧِِﻪ‬ ‫‪59.‬‬ ‫أﻣِﺮ َر ِّﺑِﻪ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪60.‬‬ ‫َﻧْﻌَﻀُﻬْﻢ‬
‫َ‬
‫ُﺻُﺪْوَر ﻗْﻮٍم‬
‫َ‪ْ ُ B‬‬
‫ت َﻋﺪٍن‬ ‫َ َْ ‪َ B‬‬ ‫ﻋَﺒﺎد ْ‬
‫‪61.‬‬ ‫‪62.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪63.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﺴﻤﺎَوا ِ‬ ‫‪64.‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ُ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َﺠﻔَﺪ ا ْ َﻛ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ً‬
‫‪65.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻔْﺮَدْوِس ﻧُﺰﻻ‬ ‫‪66.‬‬ ‫ﺤُﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪67.‬‬ ‫ﻳَْﺮُﺟْﻮ ﻟِﻘﺎَء‬ ‫‪68.‬‬ ‫ﻗَﻤﻼ َﺻﺎِﻟ ًﺎ‬
‫ََ ً‬ ‫َ َ ْ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْ ُ‬
‫‪69.‬‬ ‫ﺟَﻊ َﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪70.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻜ ِ‬‫ﻃﻌﺎِم اﻟِﻤﺴ ِ‬ ‫‪71.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺼا ِ‬ ‫‪72.‬‬ ‫َﻣِﻠِﻚ ا‪B‬ﺠﺎِس‬

‫‪Dream Worldwide 23‬‬

Idhafah with pronouns. Fill in the blanks with the pronouns
ُ ُ َُْ
ْ‫ﻜﻢ‬
1. ‫أ ﻏ ﻔﺴ‬ ___________selves
your

ُ ْ
2. ‫َﻧﻐﻴُﻜْﻢ‬ ___________
your rebellion
َ ْ
3. ‫ُزﺧُﺮﻓَﻬﺎ‬ ___________
her glitter
ََُْ
4. ‫أ ﻣ ﺮ ﻧﺎ‬ ___________
our command
َ
5. ‫ﻗْﻮَﻣُﻬْﻢ‬ ___________
their nation

6.
َ‫أَْﻫﻠُﻬﺎ‬ ___________
her family/people/dwellers
َ
7. ‫ُﺣُﺪْودُه‬ ___________
his boundaries
ُ َ َ
8. ‫َﻣﻜﻧﻜْﻢ‬ ___________
your place
ْ
9. ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ِﺑِﻤﺜِﻠ‬ With ___________
his example/likeness
ّ ُ َ
10. ‫ﻪ‬ِ ‫ﻓِﻸِﻣ‬ his
Then for ___________ mother
B َْ
11. ‫ﻬﻦ‬ ِ ‫أﻫِﻠ‬ ___________
their family
B ُ َ ْ
12. ‫ِإﺣﺪاﻫﻦ‬ them
One of ___________
ْ ُ ُ ََ ُ
13. ‫ﺂؤﻛﻢ‬ï‫ﺷ‬ ___________ associates
َ
14. ‫ﻦ‬B‫َﺻُﺪﻗﺎِﺗِﻬ‬ ___________ marriage gifts
ْ ‫َﻗَﻤ‬
15. ‫ﻠ‬ ___________ action/work
ِ
َ َّ
16. ‫رﺑﻚ‬
ِ ___________ lord

Dream Worldwide 24
Special Mudhaf Practice. Fill in the blanks with the correct meanings
ّ‫ﻟَﻖ‬ ْ َْ
1.
ِ ‫ﻴا‬ ِ ‫ِﺑﻐ‬ ______________
other than the right justification
ُ َ
2. ‫َوَرآﺋﻜْﻢ‬ ______________
behind/beyond all of you
ْ َ
3. ‫ﺧﻠِﻔِﻬْﻢ‬ ______________
behind them
ََْْ َ َْ
4. ‫ﻴ‬ِ ‫ﻓﻮق اﺛﻨﺘ‬ ______________
above two women
َ
5. ‫ﻗﺒِْﻠِﻬْﻢ‬ ______________
before them
ُ ْ
6. ‫َﻧﻌُﻀﻜْﻢ‬ ______________
some you all
ْ
7. ‫ﺑَﻴﻨَﻨَﺎ‬ ______________
between us
8.
ْ‫أَُّﻓُﻬﻢ‬ ______________
which/any them
َْ ْ ُْ ََْ
9. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻴ اﻷﺧﺘ‬ ______________
between two sisters.
ْ ُ َٰ َ َ َ
10. ‫ورآء ذﻟِﻜﻢ‬ ______________
behind/ beyond that for all of you
B َُ
11. ‫ﻧﺎ‬o ______________
especially from our behalf
َ ْ َْ َ َْ
12. ‫ﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻧﻌﺪ اﻟﻔِﺮﻳﻀ‬ ______________
after the obligation
َ َٰ َ ْ ُ
13. ‫دون ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ ______________
besides that that
َ َْ
14. ‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬ ِ ______________
you have
15. ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‬
َََْ
______________
above her/it
َ َ B َ َْ
16. ‫ﺗﺖ اﻟﺸﺠﺮِة‬ ______________
below the tree.
17. ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
َ ََُْ ______________
between both of them.

Dream Worldwide 25
Primary Rules for Mowsoof + Sifah
ْ ُ ْ َ
1. Mowsoof (‫ )ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬must be
a. First
b. Only one
َ
2. Sifah (‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
ِ )
a. Has the same 4 properties as the Mowsoof
b. Is after the Mowsoof
c. May be more than one
d. Can tolerate a long distance relationship
Note:
• The mowsoof is never a pronoun, pointer word, or ism mowsool
• The sifah is never a proper name, pronoun, or pointer word.
• Look out for non human plurals and their feminine sifahs. For example:
ُ‫ﻴة‬
َ ْ ‫ﺼﻐ‬B‫ﺐ اﻟ‬ ُ ْ
ُ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ ٌَْ َ ُ ََ
ِ ‫ اﻟ‬the small books ‫ﺟﻴﻠﺔ‬ِ ‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋِﺐ‬beautiful bags

Examples of Mowsoof Sifah. Write the 4 properties of the highlighted words

based on how they are treated.
ًْ َ ًَْ
a heavy word ‫ﻗﻮﻻ ﺛِﻘﻴﻼ‬
ٰ ‫ﺒ‬ ُ ْ ُB B
َْ‫ﻜ‬
the greatest calamity ‫ى‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻣﺔ اﻟ‬
ً ً ُ ُ
purified scriptures ‫ﻬَﺮة‬B‫ﺤﻔﺎ ُّﻣَﻄ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
ُ َ
a great test from your Lord ‫ﺑَﻼٌء ِﻣْﻦ َرﺑِّﻜْﻢ َﻋِﻈﻴٌْﻢ‬
ٌ ُ
elevated beds ‫ﻣْﺮﻓْﻮَﻋﺔ‬B ‫ﺳٌر‬ ُ ُ
ُ ْB ْ َ
like eaten straw ‫ﻛَﻌﺼٍﻒ ﻣﺄﻛﻮٍل‬
ْ
ُ ْ ‫ﻜﺒ‬ َ ْ ُْ َْ
the great attainment ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻔﻮز اﻟ‬
ٌ َ
an intensely hot fire ‫ﻧﺎٌر َﺣﺎِﻣﻴَﺔ‬
َْْ َ َْ َُ
for two orphan boys ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻴ ﻳِﺘﻴﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﻟِﻐﻼﻣ‬
ٌَْ َ ُ َ َ
abundant gains ‫ﻴة‬ ِ‫ﻣﻐﺎﻧِﻢ ﻛﺜ‬

Dream Worldwide 26
 wow - ‫ﻭ‬
It is used for an oath to swear
Why do people take oaths?
1. To prove their point
2. testimony
3. anger
4. playfully
Ancient Arabs had an extra reason:
Primary Rules for Harf of Jarr 5. To get your attention
Quran adds another reason:
1. The harf of jarr makes its ism jarr. 6. Object becomes proof of thr subject
2. No long distance relationship. 'wow' is also simply used for 'AND'.
3. There are 17 harf of jarr. We will learn 11 that are in the Quran.
ّ َ َْ
4. The harf of jarr is called the ‫ ﺟﺎر‬and the ism it makes jarr is the ‫ﻣُﺮْور‬

َ
‫َك‬
for/have like swear by Allah
َ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ with ‫ِب‬
(pronoun ‫ ل‬all else ‫)ِل‬ (comparison) only
َ
‫ﻗْﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣْﻦ‬ ‫َو‬
ْ ِ from/because of oath
‫ﻓ‬
(not ‫)َﻣْﻦ‬
about/away from in/about
(Not the ‫ َو‬for “and”)
ََ
to/towards ‫إﻟ‬ until (2) kB‫َﺣ‬ on/upon/against ‫ﻟ‬
Additional notes:
َ
• When attached to a pronoun, the ‫ ل‬is pronounced ‫ ل‬otherwise it is ‫ِل‬.
ُ َ
For example: ‫ ﻟﻜْﻢ‬vs. ‫ﻟ َِﺮُﺳْﻮٍل‬
• Don’t confuse the harf of jarr lam with the lam for emphasis. The lam for
emphasis does not make isms jarr. For example:
ْ ََ َ َ – For us (harf of jarr).
‫ﺠﺤُﻦ‬ – Most certainly, I swear to it, we. ‫ﺠﺎ‬
• Don’t confuse the ‫ َو‬harf of jarr (for oaths only) with the connector ‫َو‬
which means “and”
َ َ
• When ‫ ِﻣْﻦ‬and ‫ ﻗْﻦ‬are attached to ‫ َﻣﺎ‬they are written as ‫ﻤﺎ‬B‫ ِﻣ‬and ‫ﻤﺎ‬B‫ﻗ‬.
َ ََ
• When attached to a pronoun, ‫ إِﻟ‬and ‫ ﻟ‬are pronounced with a ‫ْي‬. For
َْ َ َ
example: ‫ َﻋﻠﻴِﻪ‬or ‫ْﻚ‬Éِ‫إ‬

Identify if the following are harf of jarr fragments

ّْ
1. ‫ِﺑﺎﻟ َِﻖ‬ 2. ‫ل‬ ‫ﻮ‬ْ ‫ﻣﺄ ُْﻛ‬B ‫َﻛَﻌْﺼﻒ‬ َ َّ َْ
3. ‫ﺪ رِﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺠْﻴٍﻞ‬ّ ‫ﺠﺎَرة ّﻣْﻦ ﺳ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
ٍ ٍ ِ ‫ِﺑﻤ‬ 4. ِ ِ ِ ٍ ِِ
َ َ ُ ّ ُ ِ‫ﻟ‬
5. ٍ‫ﻜ ﻫﻤﺰة‬ 6. ‫ف‬
ْ َ ْ
ٍ ‫ِﻣﻦ ﺧﻮ‬ 7. ‫ﺪﻫﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻓ ﺟْﻴ‬
ِ ِ ِْ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻓ ِدﻳِﻦ ا‬ ِْ
ِ 8.

َ B َ ُّ ‫ﻓ َﻗَﻤ‬ ِْ ْ ْ ْ َ َ َٰ َ ّ َ ْ َ ْ ُْ َ َ
9. ٍ‫ﺪ ﻣﻤﺪ دة‬ ٍ 10. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻜ‬ ِ ‫ﻟ ﻃﻌﺎِم اﻟِﻤﺴ‬ 11. ‫ﺷ‬ ِ ‫وِﻣﻦ‬ 12. ‫ﺴ‬ِ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌ‬
ْ ْ ‫ﺤﺎ‬ ْ َ‫ﺑﺄ‬ َ َّ ْ ‫ َﻣْﻄﻠَﻊ اﻟَْﻔ‬k َ ْ َ
13. ‫ب اﻟِﻔﻴِﻞ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ 14. ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ِ ‫ﻟ‬ 15. ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ‬ ِ ٰB‫ﺣ‬ 16. ‫َﻣْﻦ أﻗَﻄٰﻰ‬

Dream Worldwide 27
 Primary Rules for Harf of Nasb
1. The harf of nasb makes its ism nasb.
2. Can tolerate a long distance relationship.
َ B
however ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻜ‬ِ ٰ
‫ـ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ certainly, for sure ‫إِ ن‬
B َ B َ
so that, hopefully, maybe ‫ ﻟَﻌﻞ‬that ‫أن‬
َ ْÉَ َas though, as if Bََ
alas (express regret) ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬
Bَ
because ‫ِﺑﺄن‬

Note:
ََ ْ ِ and the nasb form of ‫ َﻧُْﻦ‬is ‫ﻧَﺎ‬. When
The nasb form of the pronoun ‫ أﻧﺎ‬is k
attached to a harf of nasb, these pronouns can be written fully, or the ‫ ن‬can be
dropped. ‫ﻨ‬ ْ B‫ إِﻧ‬or kّ ِ ِ‫ إ‬and ‫ﻏَﻨﺎ‬Bِ‫ إ‬or ‫ﺎ‬B‫إِﻧ‬. For example:
ِ
B َ ُ َُ ْ B
‫ﻨﺎ‬B‫ﺑَﻨﺎ إِﻏَﻨﺎ آَﻣ‬B‫ ا ِ˜ﻓَﻦ ﻓﻘﻮﻟْﻮن َر‬Those who say, "Our Lord, indeed we have believed…." (3:16)
ْ َْ َ َ ْ ُ َْ َ َ B
‫ﻠِﺔ اﻟﻘﺪِر‬Éْ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ إِﻧﺎ أﻧﺰﺠﺎه‬Indeed, We sent it down during the Night of Decree. (97:1)
َ ََ ّْ
‫ أﻧﺎ َرُّﺑﻚ‬k ِ ِ‫ إ‬Indeed, I am your Lord (20:12)
َ َ B َٰ َ ُ َ َ ْ B
‫ إِﻻ أﻧﺎ‬Æَ ِ‫ﷲ ﻻ إ‬ ‫ إِﻧِﻨ أﻧﺎ ا‬Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me (20:14)

Determine if the following contains a harf of nasb fragment.

ْ َ َ Bَ ٌَْ ْ ُB ْ َْ َ َB َ َ B
1. ‫أن ﻟُﻬْﻢ أﺟًﺮا‬ 2. ‫إِﻏﻬﻢ ِﻓﺘﻴﺔ‬ 3. ‫إِﻏﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴِﻬﻢ‬ 4. ‫ﻨﺎ إِﻳَﺎَﻧُﻬْﻢ‬Éْ ِ‫إِن إ‬
َ ْB َ B ََ َُ ْB ْ َ َ َ َ B َ B ُ
5. ‫ﻓﻠَﻌﻠﻚ ﺑَﺎِﺧٌﻊ ﻏﻔَﺴﻚ‬ 6. ‫ﻟﻦ ﻧﺪﻋﻮ‬ 7. ‫إِن ﺷﺎﻧِﺌﻚ‬ 8. ‫ﻢ إِن َﻋﻠْﻴَﻨﺎ ِﺣَﺴﺎَﻧُﻬْﻢ‬B‫ﻋ‬
َ B َ ُ َُ ْ ü َ َُ َ B َ َ َْ B ْ َ
9. ‫إِن ﻓﻘْﻮﻟْﻮن إِﻻ ﻛِﺬﺑًﺎ‬ 10. ‫ﺎ‬Éِ‫ و‬Æ 11. ‫وﺻﺪق‬ 12. ‫أن ﻟْﻦ ﻓﻘِﺪَر‬
ْ َ B َ َْ ْ B َ َ ْ َ ٌ َ َ ْ ُّ ٌ َ
13. ‫ﺟَﻌﻠَﻨﺎ‬ ‫إ ِﻧ ﺎ‬ 14. ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ِ ‫إِن ا‬ 15. ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ 16. ‫ﻧﺎر ﻣﺆﺻﺪة‬
َْ ْ َ َ ْ َ Bَ َُ َ B َ َ َٰ B ً ْ ُ ‫ن َﻣَﻊ اﻟُْﻌْﺴ ﻳ‬B‫إ‬
17. ‫ب اﻟﻜﻬِﻒ‬ ‫أن أﺻﺤﺎ‬ 18. Æ‫أن ﻣﺎ‬ 19. ‫إِن ﻫﺬا‬ 20. ‫ﺴا‬ ِ ِ

Dream Worldwide 28
Harf of Jarr: Examples from the Quran

‫ﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬ ‫ِب‬

With the believers (with, because of, by, at, in, etc) ِِ ِ
َ ُْ َ َ
They said, “By Allah!” ‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ْ َ
Like eaten straw ‫ﻣﺄﻛْﻮٍل‬B ‫ﻛَﻌْﺼٍﻒ‬ ‫َك‬
ُ َ‫َوﻟ‬
And for you(pl). ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ‫ل‬
ْ َْ َ
(I swear) By the fleeting passage of time! ‫ﺼ‬ِ ‫واﻟﻌ‬ ‫َو‬
‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣْﻦ أَْﻏُﻔﺴ‬ ‫ِﻣْﻦ‬
From amongst yourselves. ِ ِ
ٌ ََ ْ ْ
In just retribution there is life ‫ﻓ اﻟِﻘَﺼﺎِص ﺣﻴﺎة‬ ِ ِْ
‫ﻓ‬
ََْْ َ َ َُ
They ask you regarding the spoils of war ‫ﻳ َْﺴﺄﻟْﻮﻧﻚ َﻋِﻦ اﻷﻏﻔﺎِل‬ ‫َﻗْﻦ‬
َ ْ ْ Bَََْ َ َََ ََ
And upon Allah the believers should place their trust. ‫! اﻟُﻤﺆِﻣُﻨْﻮن‬ ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬
ْ َْ َ
Until the rise of dawn(1). ‫ َﻣْﻄﻠِﻊ اﻟﻔﺠِﺮ‬kB‫ﺣ‬ َ َ
kB‫ﺣ‬
ْ B َ َ
Until a time(2). ‫ﻴ‬ ٍ ‫ ِﺣ‬k‫ﺣ‬ kB‫ﺣ‬
ْ َ ْ َْ َ
It (the Quran) guides towards what is right. ‫ي إِﻟ اﻟُّﺮﺷِﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬِﺪ‬ ‫إ ِﻟ‬

Harf of Nasb: Examples from the Quran

‫ﷲ‬ َ ‫ن ا‬B‫إ‬ B
‫إِن‬
Certainly Allah is ِ
B َ Bَ
That they are/ that certainly they are ‫أﻏُﻬْﻢ‬ ‫أن‬
ْ َُُ ْ Bََ Bََ
As though there is a deafness in his ear (literally barrier) ‫ﻓ أذﻏْﻴِﻪ َوﻗًﺮا‬ ِ ‫ﻛ ﺄن‬ ‫ﻛ ﺄن‬
ُ َ B َ َ َٰ Bَ
That is because they said…. ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﺑﺄﻏُﻬْﻢ ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا‬ ‫ِﺑﺄن‬
ً َ ً َ ُ ْ B َ ْ َ ْ ََْ َ َ َْ َ َ Éْ َ
Woe is me! I only I didn’t take so-and-so for a friend. ‫ﺗﺬ ﻓﻼﻧﺎ ﺧِﻠْﻴﻼ‬ ٰ ‫ﻳﺎ وﻳﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﺘِﻨ ﻟﻢ أ‬É k ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺒ‬B ْ ‫ﻦ اﻟ‬B‫ﻟَ ٰﻜ‬ ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻜ‬
َٰ
On the contrary, righteousness is ِ ِ ِ ‫ﻟ‬
َ ُ َْ ُ Bََ B َ
So that you may be grateful. ‫ﻜْﻢ ﺗﺸﻜُﺮْون‬ ‫ﻟ ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻟَﻌﻞ‬

Dream Worldwide 29
 ISMUL ISHARA-- MUSHARUN ILAY = fragment

َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ
Pointing Words ‫ﻹﺷﺎرِة‬ِ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء ا‬
Near

َ ُ َٰ َ َٰ َ َٰ
RNJ R RNJ

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺬاِن‬ ‫ﻫﺬ ا‬ Masculine

these-People this-M
these two
َ ُ َٰ َ َٰ َ َٰ
‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳِْﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ْ َ
‫ َﺟّﺮ‬or ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬

َ ُ َٰ َ
R
َٰ RNJ
َٰ
‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺘﺎِن‬ this- F ‫ه‬
ِ ‫ﻫِﺬ‬ Feminine
these-BP
َ ُ َٰ ْ َ َٰ َٰ ْ َ
‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﺘ‬ ‫ﻫِﺬِه‬ ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬or ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬

Far

َ َٰ ْ ُ َ َ َ َٰ
RNJ R RNJ

‫أوﻟـِﺌﻚ‬ ‫ذاِﻧﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ Masculine

those both of those That-M

َ َٰ ْ ُ َ َ َ َٰ
‫أوﻟـﺌِﻚ‬ ‫ذﻳِْﻨﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ ْ َ
‫ َﺟّﺮ‬or ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬

َ َٰ ْ ُ َ َ َ ْ
RNJ RNJ

‫أوﻟـِﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎِﻧﻚ‬ that-F ‫ﺗِﻠﻚ‬ Feminine

those both of those-F Those_bp

َ َٰ ْ ُ َ َْ َ ْ ْ َ
‫أوﻟـﺌِﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴِﻨﻚ‬ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬or ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬

Dream Worldwide 30
Using pointers:

1. To make a fragment:
a. The pointer must be followed immediately by ‫ال‬
َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ ‫)ُﻣَﺸﺎٌر إ‬
b. 4 properties of the pointer (ِ‫ﻹﺷﺎَرة‬ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ) and “pointed at” ( ‫ﻪ‬
ِ É ِ
must match
2. To make a sentence:
a. Pointer should not have ‫ ال‬after it

‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ب َ ٰﻫَﺬا اْﻛ‬B‫َﻓﻠَْﻴْﻌُﺒُﺪوا َر‬

‫ﻴ‬
ِ fragment this house
ْ ْ َٰ ْ
‫ﻏَﻴﺎ‬oُّ‫ﻓ ﻫِﺬهِ اﻟ ََﻴﺎِة ا‬ ِ fragment in this worldly/lowest life
ُ ُ ْ َ َٰ
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآن‬ fragment this Quran

ُ ُ ُ َ ْ
‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ ﺣﺪْود ا‬ sentence Those are the boundaries of Allah.

‫ﺎِر‬B‫ﺤﺎُب اﺠ‬ ْ ‫ﻚ َأ‬

َ ‫ﺻ‬ َ َْٰ ُ
‫أوﻟـِﺌ‬ sentence Those are the companions of the fire
ُ َ َ َٰ
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬ sentence This is the she-camel of Allah

Determine if the following are sentences or fragments

ْ inَ this ْ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َٰ
ْ ٰ َ speech ‫ﻜْﻴِﻢ‬َِ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻜَﺘﺎِب ا‬ ‫ﻫُﺆﻻِء اﻟﻘْﻮِم‬
This
1. ‫ﺚ‬ َ
ِ ‫ِﺑﻬﺬا اﻟِﺪﻳ‬ 2. ِ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ آﻳﺎت اﻟ‬ 3. nation
ْ ْ ُ َ َٰ ُ َ ْ ُ B َ ْ that
ٰ َ is my path 5. ‫ﻏَﻴﺎ‬oُّ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ َﻣَﺘﺎع اﻟ ََﻴﺎِة ا‬
this
ْ
ْ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ ﺳِﺒﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬ َ 6. ‫ار اﻵِﺧﺮة‬o‫ِﺗﻠﻚ ا‬final
4.
ِ house
َ ُ َ ُ َ َٰ َ ْ َ َ َٰ ْB َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ ُ
7. ‫ﻫُﺆﻻِء ﺷﻔَﻌﺎؤﻧﺎ‬ 8. ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻫﺬاِن ﺧﺼﻤﺎ‬ 9. ‫أوﻟٰـِﺌﻚ أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻨِﺔ‬

ُّ B‫َو َ ٰﻫَﺬا اﺠ‬ ْ ّ َ َ َٰ َ ُ ْ َ َٰ B

‫ﺒ‬ 11. ë‫ﻫﺬا ر‬
ِ 12. ‫إِن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآن‬
10.
ِ
ْ ُ ْ َ َٰ ْ َ B · ُ َ َ َٰ B ْ َْ ََْ ْ َ ْ
13. ‫ِﻓ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺮآِن‬ 14. ‫ﻚ‬ ‫إِن ﻫﺬا ﻋﺪو ﻟ‬ 15. ‫ﺐ‬ِ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ ِﻣﻦ أﻏﺒﺎِء اﻟﻐﻴ‬
َ َ B َٰ َ ‫َ ٰﻫﺬه ﻣْﻦ ﻋْﻨ‬ ُ َ َ َٰ
16. ‫ﺠَﺮة‬ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ اﻟﺸ‬ 17. ‫ﺪك‬ ِ ِ ِ ِِ 18. ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬

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 ٌ ْ ٌَُْ
Jumlah Ismiyyah ‫ﻴﺔ‬B‫ﺟﻠﺔ ِإﺳِﻤ‬

Finding the Invisible IS:

1) Independent pronouns are usually followed by “IS”

ََ
‫ أﻧﺎ ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬I am a Muslim.

2) Pointer word followed by other than ‫ال‬.

ٌ ‫ َﻫَﺬا َﻧْﻴ‬This is a house

‫ﺖ‬

3) Harf of nasb and its ism is usually followed by “IS”

َ ْ َ ِّ ُ َ َ َ B
‫ٍء ﻗِﺪﻳٌْﺮ‬n ‫ إِن اﷲ ﻟ ﻛ‬Indeed, Allah is…

4) Proper followed by common

ٌَْ َ ُ ُُ ْ
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺻِﻐﻴة‬The books are small.

5) A break in the chain

ْ ِ ‫ﺮُﺟُﻞ‬B‫ اﻟ‬The man is in the house.
‫اِر‬oB‫ﻓ ا‬
mudhaf--, hon, hoj, ismul, mousuf
Additional examples from the Quran:

َ ْ َ َٰ ْ َْ َ ُ ْ ُ َ ُ َْ َ َ ُ َْ B
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﻣﻦ آﻳﺎِة ا‬ ‫إِن ﻳﺄﺟﻮج وﻣﺄﺟﻮج ﻣﻔِﺴﺪون ِﻓ اﻷرِض‬
That is from the signs of Allah
ُ ْ ٌ ٌ َ ُ َ
‫ر ِّﺑﻜْﻢ‬B ‫اﻟ َُّﻖ ِﻣْﻦ‬ ‫ إِﻟٰـُﻬﻜْﻢ إِﻟٰـﻪ َواِﺣﺪ‬Your God is one God
ً َ َ ْ َُْ َ ََ
the truth is from your master
َ ْ َ َٰ
‫أﻧﺎ أﻛﺜ ِﻣﻨﻚ ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ اﻧُْﻦ َﻣْﺮﻳََﻢ‬n‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﻋﻴ‬
َ ُّ َ َ َ
I am more...

َ َ ْB ٌ َ َ Bَََ
‫ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻚ ﺑﺎِﺧﻊ ﻏﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ رﺑﻚ‬ I am your master

َْ ُ ْ ْ
so maybe you are destroying yourself
َ
‫أﻏُﺘْﻢ ُّﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ِ ِ ‫اﻟ َﻤﺪ‬
All of you are Muslims Praise is for Allah
ُ ُ ْ ْ
َُ ُ ٌ ْ َ َ B
‫َوﻫَﻮ اﻟﻐﻔْﻮُر اﻟَﻮدْود‬ ‫إِن ﻫٰـِﺬهِ ﺗﺬِﻛَﺮة‬
And he is... For sure this is a powerful reminder

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 pages to memorise: 6,18,27,28,33
1:56

ُ ‫ُﻫَﻮ ا‬ ُّ
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻣْﻴ ٌﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﷲ ِﻣْﻦ َوَراﺋِِﻬْﻢ‬
ُ ‫َوا‬

ْ ِ ‫اﻟِْﻔْﻌُﻞ اﻟ َْﻤﺎ‬
Past Tense &
3 people 2 people 1 person
Plural Pair Singular
ُ ُ ُ
They helped. ‫ﻫْﻢ‬ They(2) helped. ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ He helped ‫ﻫَﻮ‬

ُ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫ﻧََﺼا‬ َ‫ﻧََﺼ‬

Masculine 3rd person

ْ‫ﺼوا‬ never say

you
ُ ُ
They(f) helped. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ They (2f) helped ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ She helped. َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
َ ْ َ َ ََ َ َ ْ َ َ َ
Feminine 3rd person

‫ﻧﺼ ن‬ ‫ﻧﺼ ﺗ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼت‬

َْ َْ َ ْ‫َأﻧ‬
You all helped. ‫أﻏُﺘْﻢ‬ You (2) helped. ‫أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬ You helped. ‫ﺖ‬

ْ‫ﺼُﻳﻢ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﺼُﻳَﻤﺎ ﻧ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ ْ َ َ
Masculine 2nd person

‫ﻧﺼت‬ always say

B ُ ْ‫َأﻧ‬
‫ﺘ‬
َْ
‫أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
َْ you
You all(f) helped You (2f) helped You helped(f). ِ ‫أﻧ‬

B‫ﺼُﻳﻦ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﺼُﻳَﻤﺎ ﻧ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ َ
Feminine 2nd person

ْ
‫ﻧﺼِت‬
َْ ََ
we helped. ‫ﻧُﻦ‬ I helped. ‫أﻧﺎ‬
َْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ
1st Person

‫ﻧﺼ ﻧ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼت‬

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What is the pronoun behind each past tense?

ُْ ْ‫ﻤﺎ أَْرَﺿَﻌﺖ‬B‫َﻗ‬
she t
1. ‫ﻗﻠﺘُْﻢ‬ you all said 2.

َُ َ
they were being hypocrite ْ
‫ﻧﺎﻓﻘْﻮا‬ ‫َﺟَﻌﻠﻨَﺎ‬
we made
3. 4.

B َ you all turned away َْ َ

‫ْﺘُْﻢ‬É‫ﺗَﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨَﺎ‬
we created
5. 6.

ْ‫أُْﺷﺑُﻮا‬ ْ‫ﺖ َو أَﻧْﺒَﺘَﺖ‬ ْ Bَْ

ْ َ‫ت َو َرﺑ‬ ‫ا ِﻫ ﺘ‬
she shook
7.
ِ 8. she rose
she sprouted

ْ‫ أَْﻗَﺮْرُﻳﻢ‬you all agreed َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُّ َ َ

10. ‫ﺧﺮة‬
he lost
9. ِ ‫ﻏﻴﺎ واﻵ‬o‫ﺧِﺴ ا‬
ْ َ َ ْ َ ٌ B ُ َ ْ she left َ ْ َ
11. ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ أﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﺖ‬ 12. ‫ﻖ َﻋﻠﻴِْﻪ اﻟَﻌﺬاُب‬B‫َﺣ‬

ْ َ َ B ْ ُ ََ ْ they argue about

you all earned
ْ ُ
13. ‫وﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺴﺒﺘﻢ‬
ْ ِ ‫ﺧﺘََﺼُﻤْﻮا‬
‫ﻓ َرﺑِِّﻬْﻢ‬
14. ِ‫ا‬

ْ ُ َ B َ ْ B َ B َ َ they
ْ followed ْ ُ َ َ َ B ُ they intended
15. ‫˜ﻓﻦ اﻳﺒﻌﻮا‬ ِ ‫ِإذ ﺗﺒأ ا‬ 16. ‫ﻛﻤﺎ أرادوا‬

ْ َ َB she took َ B َ B َ َ Bََ

17. ‫اِﺗﺬت‬ 18. ‫ء‬
ِ ‫ﻛﺄﻏﻤﺎ ﺧﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎ‬
َ َ ladies became pure
َ ْ B َ َ them ُْ
19. ‫ﻓﺈِذا ﻳﻄﻬﺮن‬ 20. ‫ﻛﻨﺘُْﻢ‬

ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ them ladies َ َ َ
B
21. ‫ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻦ أﺟﻠﻬﻦ‬reached 22. ‫ﻓﺨﺎﻏﺘَﺎ‬
B َ they learned ْ ِّ ‫إ‬
ْ ِ ‫ َدَﻋْﻮُت َﻗْﻮ‬k
23. ‫ﻳَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬ 24. ‫ﻣ‬ ِ
youp
Bُُْ
25. ‫ﻟﻤﺘ‬ 26.
ُ ْ
‫َراَودت‬

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 َ َ B ُ ْ‫ﻳَﻘﻴ‬B‫ا‬
27. ‫ﻗﺎﻻ‬ 28. ‫ﺘ‬ ِ

Attaching Pronouns to Fi’ls

Recall that pronouns attached to fi’ls are nasb because they are details.

ْ ‫ﺼ‬
To translate fi’ls with attached pronouns. Eg: ‫ﻳ‬ َ َ َ
ِ ‫ﻧ‬

1) Identify and ignore the attached pronoun: k ْ ِ is the attached pronoun.

َ َ َ‫ ﻧ‬means “he helped”.
2) Translate the fi’l by itself: ‫ﺼ‬
ْ means “me”
3) Translate the attached pronoun by itself: kِ
ْ ‫ﺼ‬
4) Put it all together: ‫ﻳ‬ َ َ َ
ِ ‫“ ﻧ‬He helped me”

Examples:

He helped ‫ﺼ‬َ َ َ‫ ﻧ‬He helped her ‫ﺼﻫﺎ‬

َ َ َ َ
‫ﻧ‬
ُ ْ َ َ‫ ﻧ‬I helped him ‫ﺼﺗُﻪ‬
ُْ َ َ
I helped ‫ﺼت‬ ‫ﻧ‬
She helped
ْ َ َ َ She helped me
‫ﺼت‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ْ ْ‫ﺼﺗ‬
‫ﻨ‬ َ َ َ‫ﻧ‬
ِ
َْB ُ َْB
We taught ‫ َﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬We taught all of you(f) ‫ﻦ‬B‫َﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎﻛ‬
ْB ُ ْB
Both of you taught ‫ َﻋﻠﻤُﺘَﻤﺎ‬Both of you taught both of them ‫َﻋﻠﻤُﺘَﻤﺎﻫَﻤﺎ‬
B َ B
All of you taught ‫ َﻋﻠْﻤُﺘْﻢ‬All of you taught us ‫َﻋﻠْﻤُﺘُﻤْﻮﻧﺎ‬
ُ َ ُ َ
They said ‫ ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا‬They said it ‫ﻗﺎﻟْﻮُه‬

Circle the attached pronoun:

َ َُْْ ْ َُْ َ ََُْ َ َ َ َ ْ َْ َ
1. ‫ﺘﺗﻚ‬ ‫ِاﺧ‬ 2. ‫ﺟﺎءﻳﻬﻢ‬ 3. ‫ﻓﺬﺑﻮﻫﺎ‬ 4. ‫أﻛﺮﻫﺘﻨﺎ‬

َ َْ َ َ َ ُ ْ ََُُْ ُ ََْ َ ْ ُُُْْ َ َ

I chose you They slaughtered her
ْ ْ
she came to them

5. ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ 6. ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻤﻮﻫﻢ‬ 7. ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎﻛﻢ‬ 8. ‫وﺟﺪﻳﻤﻮﻫﻢ‬

ُُُْ ُ َْ ََُْْ َ َُ َ َ
‫ﻦ‬B‫آﺗﻴﺘُُﻤْﻮﻫ‬
We made her

9. ‫ﻗ ﻠ ﺘﻪ‬ 10. 11. ‫أﻛﺒﻧﻪ‬

ْ
12. ‫ﻢ‬ï‫ﻧﺼ‬
I said it

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Translate based on the English clues
َ َ ْ َ ْ َ (to destroy) we destroyed you
1. ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
ُ
2. ‫( َﺟﺎَءﻫْﻢ‬to come) he came to them

3.
ُ
‫ﺖ َﻣَﻮاِزﻳْﻨُﻪ‬ ْ َ‫( َﻋُﻘﻠ‬to become heavy)
ُ BB
‫( َﻣﻜﻨﺎﻛْﻢ‬to settle someone/something)
we setteled them
4.

َ
5. ‫( َﻣﺎ َﻣﻨََﻌﻚ‬to forbid) he forbade you
َ
ْ‫( أْﻏَﻮﻳْﺘَﻨ‬to put in error) you put me in error
6.
ِ
َ َ
7. ‫( ﺗﺒَِﻌﻚ‬to follow)
ُ B َ َ
8. ‫( ﻓَﻮْﺳَﻮَس ﻟُﻬَﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴَْﻄﺎن‬to whisper evil suggestions)
َ
9. ‫( َوﻗﺎَﺳَﻤُﻬَﻤﺎ‬to swear to someone)
َ َ َ B َ َ (to taste)
10. ‫ذاﻗﺎ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‬

َ َ َُْ ََْ َ
11. ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻨﺎ أﻏﻔﺴﻨﺎ‬ (to wrong)

B َ ْ َ ّ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ (to expel)
12. ‫ﺔ‬ ِ ‫أﺧﺮج أﺑﻮﻳﻜﻢ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ‬
ً َ َ ََُْ َ َ
13. ‫ﺣﺸﺔ‬ ِ ‫ِذا ﻓﻌﻠﻮا ﻓﺎ‬+‫( و‬to do)
ْ ْ َّْ َََ
14. ‫ﻂ‬ ِ ‫ ِﺑﺎﻟِﻘﺴ‬ëِ‫( أﻣﺮ ر‬to command)
ََْ َ َ ْ َ
ِ ‫ﺮم ِزﻳﻨﺔ ا‬B‫( ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬to make illegal/forbid)
15. ‫ﷲ‬

ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ
16. ‫( ﺟﺎء أﺟﻠﻬﻢ‬to come)

َْ َ ْ َُْ َ ْ َ َ َ
17. ‫˜ﻓﻦ ﻛﺬﺑﻮا ِﺑﺂﻳﺎِﺗﻨﺎ واﺳﺘﻜﺒوا ﻗﻨﻬﺎ‬
ُ B َ َ ْ ِ B ‫َوا‬
(To be arrogant) (to deny)

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Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns.
ُ ََ َ
1. ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻜْﻢ‬ ___________ created ___________.
ُ ْ
2. ‫ِﺟﺌﺘُﻜْﻢ‬ __________ came to __________.
ْ
3. ‫ﻌﺘَُﻬْﻢ‬B‫َﻣﺘ‬ _________ provided comforts for ____________.
ْ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ُ َْ َ َ
4. ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬ _________ made ____________.
ْ
5. ‫َوَﺟﺎَءﻳُﻬْﻢ‬ and ___________ came to ___________.
َ ْ َ َ
6. ‫ﺠَﻌﻠﻨَﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ Then __________ made ___________.
7.
ُ‫َﻗَﻘﻠُْﻮه‬
__________ understood ____________.
َ َُ َ َ
8. ‫ﺑْﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺬ‬ Then ___________ slaughtered _____________.
ْ
9. ‫ﺴﺘُﻬْﻢ‬B‫َﻣ‬ ___________ touched _____________.
ْ ُ ََْ
10. ‫آﺗﻴﻨﺎﻛﻢ‬ ___________ gave _____________.
َ َ َ
11. ‫ﻇﻠُﻤْﻮﻧﺎ‬ __________ wronged ____________.
ْ ُ ْ َ َ ََ
12. ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺗﻜﻢ‬ ___________ seized _____________.
13.
ُ
‫ﻧﻴْﻨَﺎﻛْﻢ‬ Bَ
__________ rescued ____________.
ْ ُ ُْ B َ
14. ‫ﻓﻀﻠﺘﻜﻢ‬ _________ favored ______________.
َ ُ َ َ ْ ََ
15. ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻬﻤﺎ‬ __________ expelled __________________.
ََْB َ
16. ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻨﺎ‬ ___________ taught ____________.
17. ‫َﻋَﺮَﺿُﻬْﻢ‬ ______________ brought before _____________.
ْ ُ َََْ
18. ‫ﻧﻌﺜﻨﺎﻫﻢ‬ _____________ raised ______________.

Dream Worldwide 37
 َ َ ْ َْ َ
19. ‫أﻛﺮﻫﺘﻨﺎ‬ ____________ forced _____________.
َْ َََُ
20. ‫ﻓﻌﻘﺮوﻫﺎ‬ ____________ hamstrung _____________.
ْ ُ ُْ َ ََْ
21. ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺬرﺗﻜﻢ‬ ____________ warned _________________.
ُ َ ْ ََْ
22. ‫أﻧﺰﺠﺎه‬ ___________ sent ___________ down.
ْ ُ َْ ََ
23. ‫أﻃﻌﻨﻜﻢ‬ _____________ obey _____________.
ُ ََ ْ
24. ‫أﺧﺘه‬ ____________ made ____________ immortal.
َ َ َ
25. ‫ﺠَﻌﻠُﻬْﻢ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ _____________ made ________________.
َ َ ْ َ ْ َ
26. ‫أﻗﻄﻴﻨﺎك‬ ____________ gave ______________.
ُ َْ
27. ‫ﻦ‬B‫آﺗﻴﺘُُﻤْﻮﻫ‬ ___________ gave _______________.
B ُُُْْ َ
28. ‫ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻤﻮﻫﻦ‬
ِ ____________ hated ________________.
ْ ُ ْ ََُُْ
29. ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻤﻮﻫﻢ‬ ______________ killed ________________.
ْ َُ َ َ
30. ‫ﻢ‬ï‫ﻧﺼ‬ __________ helped ____________.
ََBَََ
31. ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ __________ accepted ____________.
َ َ َ ََْ
32. ‫وأﻧﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ and ___________ caused __________ to grow.
B
33. ‫ك‬ ِ ‫َﻃﻬَﺮ‬ ___________ purified ___________.
ُ ْ
34. ‫ِﺟﺌﺘُﻜْﻢ‬ __________ came to ____________.
َ ُْB َ
35. ‫ﻛﺬﺑﻮك‬ ___________ lied against _____________.

Dream Worldwide 38
 ُ َ ْ ُْ ْ
Present Tense ‫اﻟِﻔﻌﻞ اﻟُﻤﻀﺎِرع‬

Plural Pair Singular

ُ ُ ُ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫَﻮ‬
َ ْ ُ ُ َْ َْ ُ‫َﻓْﻨُﺼ‬
They help. They (2) help. He helps.

ُ
Masculine 3rd person

َ
‫ﻓﻨﺼاِن ﻓﻨﺼون‬
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
They(f) help. They (2f) help She helps.

ُ َْ ُ‫َﻳْﻨُﺼ‬
Feminine 3rd person

َ
‫ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻓﻨﺼن‬
َْ َْ َ ْ‫َأﻧ‬
You all help. ‫أﻏُﺘْﻢ‬ You (2) help. ‫أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬ You help. ‫ﺖ‬
َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ُ َْ ُ‫َﻳْﻨُﺼ‬
Masculine 2nd person

َ
‫ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻳﻨﺼون‬
B‫َأﻧُْﺘ‬ َ‫َأﻏُْﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
َْ
You all(f) help You (2f) help You help(f). ِ ‫أﻧ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ ُ َْ َْ ُ َْ
Feminine 2nd person

َ
‫ﺼﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻳﻨﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
ِ
ُ‫ﻧﻦ‬ َْ ََ
َ
We help. ‫أﻧﺎ‬
ْ
I help.

ُ‫ﻏﻨُﺼ‬ْ َ ُ‫أﻧُﺼ‬
1st Person

Dream Worldwide 39
Present Tense Tips
ُ َ ُ َ ُ َ
Remember a present tense will start with a ‫ن ن أ أ ت ت َي ُي‬.

Below are the present tense tips, along with two example words and
translation.
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ُ
he teaches ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ he helps ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ُي = ﻫَﻮ‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ُ
they(2,m) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ they(2,m) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ (m) ‫ اِن = ﻫَﻤﺎ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
َ ّ ُ َ ُ ُ َْ ُ َ
they(pl,m) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ they(pl,m) help ‫ﺼْون‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ ْون = ﻫْﻢ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ َ ْ ُ َْ
they(pl,f) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠْﻤَﻦ‬ they(pl,f) help ‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ُ َ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ْن = ﻫ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
she teaches ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ she helps ‫ﺼ‬ َ‫ َأﻧْﺖ‬or ‫ﻫ‬ َ ِ =‫ت‬ُ َ
ّ ُ /‫ت‬
you(m,s) teach ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ you(m,s) help ُ‫َﻳﻨُْﺼ‬
ّ ُ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
they(2,f) teach ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ they(2,f) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ َْ ُ ُ َ
َُّ ‫ أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬or (f)‫ اِن = ﻫَﻤﺎ‬+ ‫ت‬/‫ت‬
you(2) teach ‫ﻳﻌِﻠﻤﺎِن‬ َ you(2) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
َ ّ ُ َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ْ‫ ْوَن = َأﻏُْﺘﻢ‬+ ‫ت‬
‫ﻳَﻌِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬
ُ َ
you(pl,m) teach you(pl,m) help ‫ﻳﻨﺼون‬ /‫ت‬
َ ْ ‫ُﻳَﻌﻠّﻤ‬ ُ َْ َْ َ ْ ُ َ
you(f,s) teach ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ you(f,s) help ‫ﺼﻳَْﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ ﻓﻦ = أﻧ‬+ ‫ت‬/‫ت‬
ّ ُ َ ْ ُ َْ B ُ ْ‫ َْن = َأﻧ‬+ ‫ت‬
‫ﻳَﻌِﻠْﻤَﻦ‬
ُ َ
you(pl,f) teach you(pl,f) help ‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ /‫ت‬

I teach ُ‫أَُﻋِﻠّﻢ‬ I help ُ‫أَﻧُْﺼ‬ ََ ُ َ

‫أ = أﻧﺎ‬/‫أ‬
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ َْ ُ َ
we teach ‫ﻏَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ we help ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ن = ﻧُﻦ‬/‫ن‬

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Translate based on the English clues
َ B ََ ً َ
1. ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺬﻛُﺮْون‬B ‫ ﻗِﻠﻴْﻼ‬to remember ALL OF YOU

َ ُْ َْ َ َ to wrong/do THEY
2. ‫ﻠﻤﻮن‬ ِ ‫ِﺑﺂﻳﺎِﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﻈ‬ injustice
َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ to live and to die YOU ALL
3. ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻮﺗﻮن‬ ِ‫و‬
َ ْ َ َ ُ Bَََ
4. ‫ﺄ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ï‫ أﺗﻮ‬to lean
I

ُْ ََُ
5. ‫ ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‬to say
YOU/SHE

ُB َ ََ ُBََ
6. ‫ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬to take a reminder
HE

ُ ََ َB
7. ‫ِإﻏﻨﺎ ﻧﺎف‬ to fear WE

8. ‫ن‬
َْ ُ
ِ ‫ ﻳِﺮﻳﺪا‬to want BOTH OF THEM

َ َْ
9. ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ ﻳِﺼﻔﺎ‬to put together BOTH OF THEM

ْ ‫ﻓ َﻣَﺴﺎﻛﻨ‬
10. ‫ﻬﻢ‬
ْ ِ ‫ َﻓْﻤُﺸْﻮَن‬to walk
ِِِ
THEY

َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ to say
11. ‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻮن‬
THEY

َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ to know
12. ‫ﻓﺴﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬
YOU ALL

ًْ َ َ ْ َُُْ َ
13. ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻘﻮن ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬to create
THEY

14. ‫ت‬
َ ْ ُ ّ َ ُ َ َٰ َ
ِ ‫ ﻛﺬﻟ ِﻚ ﻏﻔِﺼﻞ اﻵﻳﺎ‬to explain
WE

َ ْ Bَََ
15. ‫ ﻳﺘﺑﺼﻦ‬to wait
THEM LADIES

ّ ُ
16. ‫ ﻓَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬to teach BOTH OF THEM

َ ُ ْ ‫ُﻤْﻮَن‬B‫ َﻓﻴَﺘََﻌﻠ‬to learn

17. ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ِ

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 Present tense and pronouns. Translate based on the English cues
َ َ ْ َ to commit
1. ‫ﻳﺄِﻳﻴﺎﻧِﻬﺎ‬
ْ ُ َُْ َُ
2. ‫ ﻓﻘﺎِﺗﻠﻮﻧﻜﻢ‬fight they fight all of you
she both of them commit it all of you
ْ ُ ُ َ to advise َ ُ ُْ
3. ‫ﻳِﻌﻈﻜﻢ‬ he advices all of you
4. ‫ﺠﺒﻚ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻌ‬youto impress he impresses you
ْ
all of you
ُُ ُ َ
5. ‫ ﺗﺄﺧﺬه‬to take
ْ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ to want
6. ‫ﻓﺒﻐﻮﻧﻜﻢ‬
you/she take him/it they want all of you
all of you
he
َ َْ َْ ُ َ َ ُ َ ْ
7. ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻚ‬ ask 8. ‫ ﻳﻠِﻤﺰك‬to criticize he criticises you
they ask you

ْ َ
you you
ُُ َ ُ ْ ُ ُ
9. ‫ ﻳﺎِوره‬converse with he converses with him
10. ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﺣ‬ِ ‫ أ‬to carry I carry all of you
he all of you
َُْ ُ ُ َْ
11. ‫ﻓﻨﺼوﻧﻪ‬ to help
ْ ََُُْ
12. ‫ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬to know
they help him you know them
he they
َُ ُ B َ ْ
13. ‫ﻓَﺘﺘ ِﺨﺬْوﻧﻪ‬
he
to take 14. ‫ﻳُِﺼﻴُﺒُﻬْﻢ‬ to afflict
he afflicts them
you all take him
َ ُ َْ ْ َ
they
ُ ُ َ
15. ‫ ﻳُﺆاِﺧﺬﻫْﻢ‬to hold he holds all of them accountable 16. ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺄِذﻧﻚ‬ to seek
they accountable you permission from he seeks permission from you
َ
ُ ُ ْ‫ ﻧ‬to gather ْ‫ﻳُْﺪﺧﻠُُﻬﻢ‬
17. ‫ﺸُه‬ we gather it
18. ِ to place in
he they he places in them

‫ﻨ‬ْ ُ‫َﻳُْﺰﻧ‬ ُ ْ
‫ َﺳُﻨِﻄﻴُﻌﻜْﻢ‬obey
19. ِI to sadden
it saddens me
20.
all of you
we obey all of you

َ ّ ُ ُّ ْ ْ ُ
21. ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤﻚ‬ to teach
he teaches you
22.
ْ‫ﻜﻢ‬ ï‫ ﻳﺪِر‬reach
ُُ ْ َ َُ ْ َ
you all of you he reaches all of you

23. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻳَﺄﻛﻠُﻬ‬ to eat 24. ‫ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻚ‬to ask

he eats all of them (f)
ُ َُّ
them ladies you he asks you

‫ أﻧِﺒُﺌﻜْﻢ‬to inform ْ َ‫ﺗُْﺆُذْوﻧ‬

‫ﻨ‬
25.
you all I inform you all
26. ِ to harm they (3f) harm me
I
ُ ِّ َ‫ ﻳُﺒ‬to give good ُْ
27. ‫ﺸِك‬ he gives good news to you (f)
28. ‫ﻳﻨِﺬُرُﻫْﻢ‬ to warn
you (f) news they you warn them
ُ ‫ُﻳَ ُر‬ ّ ُ ‫ﻳُﻤْﻴُﺘ‬
29. ‫ﻛْﻢ‬ ‫ِﺬ‬ to warn 30. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ِ to cause to die
he warns all of you he causes to die all of you
َ ُ ُ
all of you all of you
ُ َ‫ﻳ َُﺴْﻮُﻣْﻮﻧ‬
31. ‫ ﺗَ ِّﺪﺛْﻮﻏُﻬْﻢ‬to inform 32. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ to afflict
they afflict all of you
ُ ‫ﻳَﺄ ُْﻣُﺮ‬
they you all ladies inform them all of you

33. ‫ﻀُﻫْﻢ‬
ُّ ُ َ‫ﻳ‬ to harm 34. ‫ﻛْﻢ‬ to command
he harms them all of you he commands all of you
they
َ ُ َ ُ ُ
35. ‫ﻳُّﺒْﻮﻏُﻬْﻢ‬
ِ to love 36. ‫ﻳَِّﺮﻓْﻮﻧُﻪ‬ to distort
they they love them he he distorts him
َ ُ ُْ ُ َ‫ُﻳَﺎُّﺟْﻮﻧ‬
37. ‫ﻓﻨِﻔﻘْﻮﻏَﻬﺎ‬ to spend
they spend it
38. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ argue they argue all of you
she all of you

Dream Worldwide 42
Inside Doer vs. Outside Doer
ُ ‫َﻛَﺘْﺒ‬
If the doer of the fi’l is a pronoun, then it is an inside doer. Eg: I wrote. ‫ﺖ‬
َُ َ َ َ
If the doer is NOT a pronoun, it is an outside doer. Muhammed wrote. ‫ﻤٌﺪ‬B‫ﺐ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺘ‬

Rules for the Outside Doer:

The outside doer must be:
ْ
• After the ‫( ِﻓﻌﻞ‬doesn’t have to be directly after)
ْ
• In ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬status
ْ ُ
The ‫ ِﻓﻌﻞ‬should be in the ‫ ﻫَﻮ‬or ‫ﻫ‬
َ ِ form ONLY.

Examples:
A Muslim said.
َ َ
‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬ A Muslim woman said.
ٌ
‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬ ْ َ‫َﻗﺎﻟ‬

Two Muslims said. ‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬

َ َ
Two Muslim women said. ‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎِن‬ ْ َ‫َﻗﺎﻟ‬

Muslims said.
َ
‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬
َ َ
Muslims(f) said.
ٌ
‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ْ َ‫َﻗﺎﻟ‬

َ
What is the doer (‫)ﻓﺎِﻋﻞ‬, if any, in the following sentences? The fi’l is highlighted.
َْ َْ ُ B َ َ َ َ ُ ُ
1. ‫ﺗُﺮُج ِﻣْﻦ أﻓَﻮاِﻫِﻬْﻢ‬ 2. ‫َودﺧﻞ َﺟﻨَﺘﻪ‬ 3. ‫َﺳَﻴﻘْﻮل اﻟُّﺴﻔَﻬﺎُء‬
َ َ َُ َْ َ َ َ
4. ‫ﻧُﻦ ﻏﻘُّﺺ َﻋﻠْﻴﻚ‬ 5. n‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﻮ‬ 6. ‫ﷲ ﻳُِﺮﻳُْﺪ‬
ُ ‫َوا‬
ُ ُ َ ُ ْ ُّ ْ ْ ُ ‫ﻳُﺮﻳُْﺪ ا‬
7. ‫ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا َرُّﺑﻜْﻢ‬ 8. ‫ﻜُﻢ اﻟَﻤْﻮت‬ï‫ﻳُﺪِر‬ 9. ‫ﷲ‬ ِ
ُ ‫َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎَء ا‬ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ ُ َْ
10. ‫ﷲ‬ 11. ‫ﻛْﻴﻒ ﻓَﻌﻞ َرُّﺑﻚ‬ 12. ‫ﺤْﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﻦ ﻣﺼِﻠ‬
َ‫ﻈﺎﻟﻤْﻴ‬B‫َأْﻗَﺘْﺪﻧَﺎ ﻟﻠ‬ َْْ
‫ﷲ َواﻟﻔﺘُﺢ‬ ُ ْ َ‫إَذا َﺟﺎَء ﻧ‬ ُ َّ ْ َ َ َ َ
‫ﺗﺎَرﻳُﻬْﻢ‬
13. ِِ ِ 14. ِ ‫ﺼا‬ ِ 15. ِ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ رِﺑﺖ‬
َ‫ﺳادُﻗﻬﺎ‬ َ ُ ‫َأَﺣﺎَط ﺑﻬْﻢ‬ kْ ‫َﺳَﺘﺠُﺪ‬ َ‫اْﺳَﺘْﻄَﻌَﻤﺎ َأْﻫَﻠﻬﺎ‬
16. ِ ِِ 17. ِ ِ 18. ِ
ْ ْ ْ َ ََُْْ ْ ّ ‫َﺟﺎَء َوْﻋُﺪ َر‬ ْ B
‫َﺿﻞ َﺳﻌُﻴُﻬْﻢ‬
19. ‫ﻓ اﻛَﺤِﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬ 20. ë ِ 21.
َْ َْ ْ َ َ
22.
َ
‫ﻫْﻢ ﻳَﺴُﺒْﻮن‬
َْ ُ 23. ‫ﻤ‬ ٰ َ ‫َﺟﺎَءهُ اﻷْﻗ‬ 24. ‫ﺖ ﻏﻔٌﺲ‬ ‫ﻋِﻠﻤ‬

Dream Worldwide 43
 ْ
Making Present Tense Light (‫)َﻣﻨُﺼْﻮب‬

To make the present tense light:

B ُ ْ‫ أَﻧ‬versions do not change.
1) The ‫ﻦ‬B‫ ُﻫ‬and ‫ﺘ‬

2) If the present tense ends in a ◌

ُ then change the ◌
ُ to a ◌َ.
3) If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.

Light Present Tense Chart

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼ‬

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼْي‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ َ‫أَﻧ ُْﺼ‬

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 َ ْ ُ ْ
B ‫ﻟ ُُﺮْوُف ا‬
Light Harfs for Present Tense ‫ﺠﺎِﺻﺒَﺔ ﻟ ِﻠُﻤﻀﺎِرِع‬ ‫ا‬

The following harfs make the present tense light

Word Meaning/Notes
ْ َ to
‫أن‬ Used as a connector. Eg: I want to read.
ْ‫ﻟَﻦ‬ will not

ْ َ ‫ِﻟ‬
so that
‫ﻜ‬ َ
ْ َ ‫ِل ﻛْ ِﻟ‬
This word has three forms: ‫ﻜ‬
ْ َ ً
‫ِإذا ِإذن‬ in that case

kB‫َﺣ‬ until

Examples of light harf in the Quran

Indeed, Allah is not timid to present any B‫ﻀَب َﻣﺜًَﻼ ﻣﺎ‬ ْ َ َْ ْ ْ َ َْ َ َ B
example ِ ‫ِإن اﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤ ِﻴ أن ﻳ‬
Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter ً َ ََ ْ َُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َُْ َ B
a cow. ‫ِإن اﷲ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻛﻢ أن ﺗﺬﺑﻮا ﻧﻘﺮة‬
We will not associate anyone with our ً‫َوﻟَْﻦ ﻧ ُّْﺸَك ﺑَﺮﺑّﻨَﺎ أََﺣﺪا‬
Master. ِ ِ ِ
So that we may exalt You much ً ْ ‫ﻚ َﻛﺜ‬ َ َ ّ َُ َْ
‫ﻴا‬ ِ ‫ﻛ ﻧﺴﺒِﺤ‬
So that he may be to the nations a ً‫ﻴ ﻧَِﺬﻳْﺮا‬ َ ْ ‫ﻜْﻮَن ﻟﻠَْﻌﺎﻟ َﻤ‬
ُ َ
Éِ
warner ِ ِ
ُ َ َُ B َ
‫ﺮُﺳْﻮل‬B‫ ﻓﻘْﻮل اﻟ‬kٰ ‫ﺣ‬
Until the Messenger says

ْ ٰB َ َ ْ ُْ ْ ُ َْ ََ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ﻳُﺆِﻣ‬k
And do not marry polytheistic women
until they believe ‫ِت ﺣ‬5‫ﺸ‬
ِ ‫ﻜﺤﻮا اﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻨ‬

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 َْ
Making Present Tense Lightest (‫)ﻣُﺰْوم‬

To make the present tense lightest:

ُ B ُ ْ ‫ َأﻧ‬versions do not change.

1) The ‫ﻦ‬B‫ ﻫ‬and ‫ﺘ‬

2) If the present tense ends in a ◌

ُ then change the ◌
ُ to a ◌۟.
3) If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.

Lightest Present Tense Chart

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬

‫ﺼ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼ‬

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼْي‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ْ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ ْ‫أَﻧ ُْﺼ‬

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 َ ُْ َُ َ ُ ُ ُْ
ِ
Lightest Harfs for Present Tense ‫اﻟﺮوف اﻟﺎِزﻣﺔ ﻟ ِﻠﻤﻀﺎِرع‬

The following harfs make the present tense lightest

Word Meaning/Notes
ْ if
‫ِإن‬ Can be used with past and present tense.
َ
‫ﻟْﻢ‬
did not.
Only used with present tense, pushes meaning to past tense

B‫ﻟ َﻤﺎ‬
not yet.
If used with present tense it means “not yet”
If used with past tense it means “when”

‫ِل‬ should

Examples of lightest harf in the Quran

َ ُّ ُ ََ ْ َ B
‫ِإﻧﻚ ِإن ﺗﺬْرﻫْﻢ ﻳُِﻀﻠْﻮا ِﻋﺒَﺎدَك‬
Indeed, if You leave them, (then) they
will mislead Your servants
َ َ َْ
All of you didn’t find a scribe ‫ﺗُﺪْوا ﻛِﺗﺒًﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
َ ُ ُ B ْ
‫ﻤﺎ ﻳَﺬْوﻗْﻮا َﻋﺬاِب‬B‫ﺑَﻞ ﻟ‬
Rather, they have not yet tasted My
punishment

َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ْ ُ B َ َ ْ ْ ُ ْ ُْ َ ْ ْ ُْ َ ْ َْ َ
Then (as a result) they should respond to
Me and they should believe in Me that ‫ ﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﺷﺪون‬8ِ ‫ﺆِﻣﻨﻮا‬É‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘِﺠﻴﺒﻮا ِﻟ و‬
they may be [rightly] guided.

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‫)‪Determine if the present tense is Normal(N), Light(L) or Lightest(T‬‬
‫َْ ََْْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُْ َ َْ ً َ‬ ‫ﺗُﺮُج ِﻣْﻦ أَْﻓَﻮاﻫﻬﻢْ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﻞ ‪1.‬‬ ‫ﺪﻳﺪا ‪2.‬‬ ‫ِ‪É‬ﻨِﺬر ﺑﺄﺳﺎ ﺷ ِ‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َََْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُّ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ‪ْB‬‬
‫ِﺠﻌﻠﻢ ‪4.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ‪5.‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ﻟْﻦ ﻧﺪُﻋَﻮ‬
‫َْ َ ُُ ْ ََْ ً‬ ‫ُﻏَﻘ ّ ُ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻠﺒﻬﻢ ‪8.‬‬ ‫ِ‪َÉ‬ﺘَﺴﺎَءﻟْﻮا‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺒﻬﻢ أﻓﻘﺎﻇﺎ ‪7.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪9.‬‬

‫َ ََْ َ ‪ْ B‬‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َُ ْ َ َْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ‬

‫و‪É‬ﺘﻠﻄﻒ ‪10.‬‬ ‫ِإن ﻓﻈﻬﺮوا ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ‪11.‬‬ ‫ﻠﺤﻮا ‪12.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﻳﻔ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ََ‬ ‫ﺸك ‪14.‬‬
‫َوَﻻ ﻳ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﻴﺜﻮا ‪15.‬‬
‫َو‪ْ+‬ن ﻳ َْﺴﺘَ ْ ُ ْ‬
‫أن ﻳﺸﺎء اﷲ ‪13.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ َﻛ‪B‬ﻔﻴْ‬ ‫ُﻓَﻘﻠّ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُّ َْ َ‬ ‫َﻓﻠَْﻢ ُﻏَﻐﺎ ْ‬
‫ﻪ ‪16.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎل ‪17.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴِﻴ ا ِ‬ ‫در ‪18.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‪َْ َ B‬‬ ‫َ ‪ُْ ُB َْ َُ B‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ َُ ّ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻢ اﷲ ‪19.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠ ِ‬ ‫‪ k‬ﻓﻘﻮل اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ‪20.‬‬ ‫ﺣ ٰ‬ ‫ﻛ ﻧﺴﺒِﺤﻚ ﻛﺜِﻴا ‪21.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮا ‪22.‬‬
‫ﻟ َْﻢ ﻳُْﺆ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪوا ‪23.‬‬
‫ﻟَْﻦ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِﻛﻐﺮق ‪24.‬‬
‫ُْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺗﺪ ‪25.‬‬
‫َﻓﻠَْﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ ‪َُْ ٰB‬‬
‫‪ k‬أﺑﻠﻎ ‪26.‬‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻨ ‪27.‬‬ ‫َوَﻻ ﺗُْﺮِﻫْﻘ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ََُْْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‪َ ُ B‬‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُْ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ‪28.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ أﺗﺒِﻌﻚ ‪29.‬‬ ‫أن ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮا ‪30.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ َ 32. k‬‬ ‫َﺳﺘَﺠُﺪ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻗﻮٍم ‪33.‬‬

‫َﻳْﻄﻠُُﻊ َ َ ٰ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎزﻋﻮن ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ أﻣﺮﻫﻢ ‪31.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ََ َْ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َََْ‬
‫َﻓﻠَْﻦ ﺗ َْﺴﺘَ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻄﻴﻊ ‪34.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪35.‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺗﺴﺄﻟ ِ‬ ‫أن ﺗﻌﻞ ‪36.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ ‪َ َ َ ْ ُ ٰB‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺒﻮا ‪37.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺪث ﻟﻚ ‪38.‬‬ ‫ﺣ‪ k‬أﺣ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻓﻈﻬﺮوه ‪39.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ََْ َ َ َ ُ َّ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََْْ َ ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ َ ُّ ُْ‬

‫أن ﻳﻨﻔﺪ ﻛِﻤﺎت ر‪40. ë‬‬ ‫ﻟﺎ ‪41.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﻤﻼ ﺻﺎ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻀﻴِﻔﻮﻫﻤﺎ ‪42.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ َ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ‪43.‬‬ ‫أن أ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻘﻬﻤﺎ ‪44.‬‬ ‫أن ﻳﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺪﻟﻬﻤﺎ رﺑﻬﻤﺎ ‪45.‬‬ ‫أن ﻓﺒ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ََُْ َ ُ ‪ُ B‬‬ ‫ََ ْ َُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َْ َُ ُُّ‬
‫أن ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺎ أﺷﺪﻫﻤﺎ ‪46.‬‬ ‫أﻟﻢ أﻗﻞ ‪47.‬‬ ‫ﺬﺑﻪ ‪48.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮف ﻏﻌ ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ ََُْ‬ ‫َُْ ُ ْ َْ‬ ‫َ َْ ُُ ْ َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻞ ﻧﻌﻞ ‪49.‬‬ ‫ﺾ ‪50.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﻧﻌ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻮج ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺸﻜﺮون ‪51.‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‪ُB‬ﻒ َﻏْﻔ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫َُ ْ‬

‫ﻜﺤﻦ أزواﺟﻬﻦ ‪52.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪53.‬‬ ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻻﺗ‬ ‫‪54.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻘﺎِﺗﻞ‬
‫َ‪َ َ ُ B‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُُ َْ َ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ ُ ُ ٌَ‬
‫أﻻ ﻏﻘﺎِﺗﻞ ‪55.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﻤﻼﺋِﻜﺔ ‪56.‬‬ ‫ﺗِ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪57.‬‬‫ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬه ِ‬

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 only use p.39 present tense 2nd person

Common Sense Observations about Commanding and Forbidding:

1) You can’t command/forbid in the past tense.

2) You can’t command yourself.
3) You can’t command/forbid someone who’s not there.
4) It’s easier to forbid than to command.
5) A grammatical command isn’t always really a command. It could be a
suggestion, motivation, permission, advice, request, imperative or sarcasm.

Forbidding
َ
‫ ﻻ‬+ lightest present tense 2nd person.

Examples:

Don’t go! (you sing. Masc)

1) 2nd person present tense. ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬

ُ َ َْ
ْ َ ْ َ
2) Make it lightest. ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
َ ْ َ َْ َ
3) Put ‫ ﻻ‬in front: !‫ﻻ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬

Additional examples:
English Command Normal Verb Lightest Verb Forbidding
َ‫ﺗَﺄُْﻛﻠْﻴ‬ ْ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠ‬
ُ ْ ُ ْ َ
ْ‫ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠ‬
Don’t eat!(you f.) ِ ِ ِ
َ B َ B َ B َ َ
Don’t learn (all of you) ‫ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬
َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ْ َ ْ َ
َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ ْ َ َ
Don’t write (all you fem) ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻻﺗ‬

Note: The difference between a statement and a command

ًُُ ُ ُْ َ َ
Statement/Observation: ‫“ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺒﺎ‬You don’t write books.”
ًُُ ْ ُْ َ َ
Forbidding: ‫“ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺒﺎ‬Don’t (you sing masc) write books!”

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Commanding
Creating a command:
1) Start with the lightest 2nd person.
2) Remove the first ‫ت‬.
3) If the word can be read, leave it alone.
4) If the word can’t be read, add a helper alif.
5) Harakaat for the helper alif:
ُ
a. If the second to last letter in the ‫ ﻫَﻮ‬present tense has a ◌
ُ
then the helper alif gets a ◌
ُ .
b. Otherwise the helper alif gets a ◌ِ

Examples:
1) Go! (you masc).
Start with normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
ُ َ ْ َ

ُ ‫ﺗَْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫ﺗَْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫ْذَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫اْذَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫اْذَﻫ‬
Make
lightest
Remove
first ‫ت‬
Add helper
alif
Determine
harakah for alif ‫ﺐ‬ ِ
2) Help! (all of you fem)
ْ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ َ ُ َْ
Normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﺼن‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
َ ْ ُ ْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻧ‬
َ ْ ُ ْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫اﻧ‬ َ ْ ُ ُْ
Make
lightest
Remove
first ‫ت‬
Add helper
alif
Determine
harakah for alif ‫ﺼن‬ ‫اﻧ‬
3) Learn! (you fem)
Normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠِﻤﻴ‬
َْ Bَََ

َ ْ ‫ﻠﻤ‬B‫َﻳَﺘَﻌ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻠ‬B‫َﻳَﺘَﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻠ‬B‫َﻳَﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬
ِ
Make Remove
(no helper alif needed)
lightest first ‫ت‬

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 Label each as Commanding(C), Forbidding(F) or Observation(O). Then translate.
Can you retrace the commanding and forbidding to the original fi’l?
ْ ‫اْذَﻫ‬ َ ُ ُ َ
1. ‫ﺐ‬ ِ C Go!(you masc) 2. ‫ﻻ ﻳَﺬْوﻗْﻮن‬
to go ُ ‫َﺗْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ to taste

ْ ّ َ‫َﻓﺒ‬ َ ُ ْ
3. ‫ﺸُﻫْﻢ‬ ِ 4. ‫ﺑﻚ‬B‫ر‬B ‫َواذﻛْﺮ‬
to congratulate mention
ُ َ ُ َ
5. ‫ﻻ ﺗِﻄْﻊ‬ 6. ‫ﻻ ﻧِﻀْﻴُﻊ‬
obey waste
َُ َ ُ ‫ا ُْﺳ‬
7. ‫ﻻ ﻓﻐﺎِدُر‬ 8. ‫ﺠُﺪْوا‬
leave out prostrate
َ
َ
‫ﻧﺎُدْوا‬ ْ ْ‫َﻓَﻼ ﺗ َْﺴﺄﻟ‬
‫ﻨ‬
9. 10. ِ
to call to ask

ْ ‫َﻻ ﺗَُﺆاِﺧْﺬ‬
k
ْ َ
‫ﻓﺎﻛُﺘُﺒْﻮُه‬
11. ِ 12.
hold accountable write
َ ْ َ َ ُ
13. ‫َواْﺳﺘﺸِﻬُﺪْوا ﺷِﻬْﻴَﺪﻳِْﻦ‬ 14. ‫ﻗْﻮﻻ‬
bring a witness say

‫ت‬ ََ B ََ ْ ُ َ ْ ُُْ
ِ ِ ‫َوﻗﻮﻣﻮا‬
15. ِ ‫ﺣﺎِﻓﻈﻮا ﻟ اﻟﺼﻠﻮا‬ 16. ‫ﷲ‬
to protect to stand
ُ َ َْ
17. ‫َوﻗﺎِﺗﻠْﻮا‬ 18. ‫ِاﻋﻠُﻤْﻮا‬
fight know
َ ََ َ ْ
19. ‫ﻻ ﺗﺎﻓﺎ‬ 20. ‫ِاْﻧَﻌﺚ‬
to be afraid to send
ّ ُ َ ُB ْ َُ َ َ‫ﺖ أَْﻗَﺪاَﻣﻨﺎ‬
ْ َّ
21. ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ أٍف‬ 22. ‫ﺛِﺒ‬
to say to make firm
َْ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ
23. ‫ﺼﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻧ‬ 24. ‫ﺧﺬ‬
help to take

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Cummulative Practice. Grammatically label the parts of these ayaat

َ ْ ََُْْ
ٰ ِ‫ﻹﻧ َْﺴﺎُن إ‬
‫ﻟ َﻃَﻌﺎِﻣِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈِﺮ ا‬Then let mankind look at his food 80:24

ُ B َ َ
‫ﺼﺎﺧﺔ‬B‫ ﻓﺈِذا َﺟﺎَءِت اﻟ‬But when there comes the Deafening Blast 80:33

َ ُ ََ ُB
‫ إِﻧﻪ ﻟﻘْﻮل َرُﺳْﻮٍل ﻛِﺮﻳٍْﻢ‬Verily this is the word of a noble messenger 81:19

B ‫ن اﻟُْﻔ‬B+‫ َو‬And indeed, the wicked will be in Hellfire. 82:14

ْ ِ َ‫ﺠﺎَر ﻟ‬
‫ﻔ َﺟِﺤْﻴٍﻢ‬ ِ

ْ‫ﻢ‬Éِ‫ﺸُﻫْﻢ ﺑَﻌَﺬاب َأ‬

ْ ّ َ‫ َﻓﺒ‬So give them tidings of a painful punishment, 84:24
ِ
ٍ ٍ ِ

ٌ ْ َ ٌ ََ ُB
‫ إِﻧﻪ ﻟﻘْﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ‬Verily, it is a conclusive word, 86:13

َ َ َ ْ ُB
‫ﻜْﻴُﺪْون ﻛْﻴًﺪا‬
ِ ‫ إِﻏﻬﻢ ﻳ‬Indeed, they are planning a plan, 86:15

ً‫ َوَأﻛْﻴُﺪ َﻛْﻴﺪا‬But I am planning a plan. 86:16

ِ

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