Question Expected Answers Marks Additional Guidance
1 (a) (6) CO2 + (6) H2O ; C6H12O6 + (6) O2 ; balancing ; [3] ignore word equations
(b) acts as heat filter / absorbs heat from lamp / reduces heat effect of the lamp / AW ; maintain constant temperature / make sure temperature is not another A ‘improves validity’ variable ; max [1]
(c) colour prediction: no mark for prediction alone
purple
explanation 1 CO2 is an acidic gas / forms carbonic acid ; 2 CO2 been used up / taken in / absorbed (by the algae) ; 3 by photosynthesis ; 4 which causes pH increase / more alkaline / less acidic ; 5 more photosynthesis than respiration ; max [3]
Question Expected Answers Marks Additional Guidance
(d) 1 as distance increases / light intensity decreases, time taken for
colour change increase / photosynthetic rate decreases ; ora 2 rate of change slows, at low light intensity / furthest from lamp ; 3 no change in rate, at high light intensity / close to lamp ; 4 credit appropriate use of comparative figures with units stated at least once ; 5 as distance (from lamp) increases, light intensity decreases ; ora 6 light (intensity) is limiting (factor for photosynthesis) ; 7 at high light (intensity), another factor could be limiting photosynthesis ; 8 light provides energy (for photosynthesis) ; 9 light is absorbed / trapped by, chlorophyll / chloroplast ; max [5]
[Total:12]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 2 (a) 1 carbon dioxide uptake of J is higher (at all temperatures except at A peak uptake for J is higher than H 10 °C) ; 2 peak / optimum / maximum / best, uptake of J is at a higher temperature ora ; 3 data recorded in J between 35 – 40 oC / AW (but not for H) ; 4 correct use of comparative data between J and H with correct units ; [max 3] correct units must be stated at least once
(b) (i) 1 temperature is a limiting factor ;
2 increases, (kinetic / heat) energy / the movement of molecules / diffusion ; 3 more collisions between substrate and enzymes ; 4 to speed up chemical reactions ; 5 stomata open wider ; 6 therefore increased carbon dioxide entering the leaf / AW ; [max 2]
(ii) 1 enzymes are denatured ;
2 enzymes are no longer active / AW ; 3 stomata close ; 4 therefore reduced carbon dioxide entering the leaf / AW ; [max 2]
(c) 1 plant growth is likely to increase ; ‘more’ need only stated once 2 higher rate of photosynthesis ; 3 means more glucose / starch, is produced ; 4 glucose is used for respiration to provide energy (for growth) ; 5 more cellulose for cell walls ; 6 more protein for, enzymes / cell membranes ; 7 other limiting factors / CO2 no longer limiting ; 8 carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas / reference to (enhanced) greenhouse effect ; 9 increase in global temperatures increases rate of photosynthesis ; A ‘global warming’ 10 reference to effect of temperature on enzymes ; 11 any relevant consequence of global warming ; 12 AVP ; e.g. relevant use of data [max 5]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 3 (a) part of cycle carbon compound found in each part
P atmosphere / air carbon dioxide / CO2 ; R carbon
2 CO2 diffuses to (cells) ; 3 carbon dioxide and water / CO2 + H2O ; 4 chlorophyll / chloroplasts, traps light energy ; 5 light energy is used to make glucose / carbohydrates ; 6 oxygen is present ; 7 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 ; [ma 5]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 3 (c) 1 factor:– light intensity or duration / carbon dioxide concentration / temperature ; 2 effect of factor:– less photosynthesis, due to low light / low CO2 / non optimum temperature ; 3 explanation:– light provides energy / CO2 substrate for photosynthesis / temperature effects enzyme activity ; ref to limiting (factor) ; [max 3]
(d) carbon dioxide (enrichment) – burning / CO2 gas cylinder ; Mark is for the mechanisms of control in each case light (intensity) – supplemental / artificial lighting / shading ; temperature – heating / cooling / ventilation / spray water ; water – irrigation / watering / hydroponics described ; pests / disease – (named) pesticides / biological control of pests ; minerals (named) – hydroponics / added to water supply / soil ; humidity – limiting ventilation / watering / humidifier or de- humidifier ; pollination –adding insect (named) pollinators ; [max 3]
[Total: 15]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 4 (a (i) light intensity / a.u. limiting factor A 20 light intensity;
B 20 0 temperatur
C 20 carbon dioxide concentration; A % carbon dioxide
D 5 light intensity 3
(ii) factor in / aspect of, the environment; A external / outside, factor
short supply; restricts / prevents, a (named) process; A restriction in context of a named process e.g. max 2 photosynthesis
(b) (i) allows oxygen to enter the compost; (decomposition by) A gas / air I carbon dioxide bacteria / fungi / microorganisms; use aerobic respiration; allow liquid to drain out / avoid waterlogging; max 2
(ii) urea (from animal waste);
(decomposers) break down proteins to amino acids; proteins / amino acids converted to ammonia; by deamination (to produce ammonia); max 2
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com (c) (i) control; 4 for a comparison / how much more carbon dioxide is available; improve validity of the investigation; max 2
(ii) with compost, CO2 (concentration) reaches a peak; units must be given at least once at 24–26 days / 600 – 610 ppm; A increases and decreases without compost, CO2 (concentration) remains constant; at about A very slight fluctuations 200 ppm; max 3
(d) carbon dioxide enrichment;
increase in, growth rate / yield / production, of the vegetables; most effective for lettuce; reference to comparative figures that show an increase in A any crop is about 3 times more in composting unit production of at least one named crop; composting increases carbon dioxide concentration; therefore carbon dioxide not (as) limiting; (carbon dioxide required) for photosynthesis; max 4
