This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers.
Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2012 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.
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MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2012 series
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International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Page 2
Question 1
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Expected Answers
Marks
(a) segmented body / segmentation ;
jointed, limbs / legs ; exoskeleton / outer skeleton ; (b) 5 / 6 RIGHT = 4 4 RIGHT = 3 3 RIGHT = 2 1 / 2 RIGHT =1 0 RIGHT = 0
Additional Guidance
Abaliella dicranotarsalis
go to 2 go to 3 go to 4 Tegenaria domestica Odielus spinosus
A G
Chelifer tuberculatus
go to 5 Poecilotheria regalis
go to 6 Tyroglyphus longior Ixodes hexagonus
C B
Syllabus 0610
4 [Total: 7]
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Paper 31
Page 3
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Question Expected Answers 2 (a) (has been through) capillaries (in organs/named organ(s)) ; (has been through) an organ / named organ (beforehand) ; lost oxygen to, (named respiring) tissues / (named) organs / cells / AW ; (b) oesophagus ; stomach ; gall bladder ; duodenum ; ileum ; pancreas ; colon / large intestine / rectum ;
Marks
Syllabus 0610
Paper 31
Additional Guidance
Accept small intestine as alternative to duodenum and ileum
4
(c) glucose, amino acids ;
(named) vitamin(s) / (named) mineral(s) ; in solution / soluble / in the plasma ; transported from, small intestine / duodenum / ileum site of absorption ; to liver ; (d) to max 4 (when a) high glucose concentration , glucose converted to glycogen ; low glucose concentration , glycogen converted to glucose ; ref to correct role of, insulin / glucagon ;
max 3
makes plasma proteins ;
excess amino acids , deaminated / described ; to max 3 alcohol, broken down / respired / metabolised ; named toxin, broken down ; R toxin unqualified
eat digest / destroy (bacteria / pathogens / viruses) ; using enzymes ; any further detail ; lymphocytes to max 3
make / produce / secrete / release, antibodies ;
idea of specificity / lymphocytes respond to particular pathogen or antigen ; effect of antibodies described;
AVP ;
5 6
max 4 [Total: 18]
AVP for either cell type, could be additional point about
antibodies
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Page 5
Question 3
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Expected Answers
Marks
(a) lowered / flattened / AW ;
increases / AW ; decreases / AW ; higher / greater / more ; into / inside; alveoli ;
Syllabus 0610
Additional Guidance
(b) (A / goblet cell) secretes / produces, mucus ;
sticky ; collects / traps, particles (in the air) ; ignore hairs
cilia, move / beat / waft;
mucus moves / removes, away from alveoli / out of trachea / towards larynx / towards mouth / AW ;
direction needed max 4 [Total: 10]
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Paper 31
Page 6
Question 4
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Expected Answers
Marks
Syllabus 0610
Paper 31
Additional Guidance marks for:
(a) CO2 + H2O;
correct formulae for carbon dioxide and water
correct formulae for glucose and oxygen balancing the equation
C6H12O6 + O2 ;
ignore word equation
6O2, 6CO2, 6H2O ;
(b) 4.98 ; (c)
(i)
(ii)
1 constant light intensity / ora; idea that light intensity is not the factor that is varied / not the independent variable / only carbon dioxide is varied / it is a control(led) variable ; gas / oxygen / air, collects at top of syringe / from plant or photosynthesis ; creates pressure to force water down the tube ;
(d) concentration of (sodium) hydrogen carbonate / mol
per dm3 + rate of photosynthesis (1000 / t) ; point plotted correctly ; line of best fit ;
accept: if changed, would change rate of photosynthesis itself
/ AW R simply makes results invalid 2 R CO2 2
A push
A ecf from (b)
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Page 7
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Syllabus 0610
(e) rate of photosynthesis increases as concentration of
carbon dioxide increases (up to 0.07 mol per dm3 ); data quote ; carbon dioxide (concentration) is limiting factor ; after 0.07 mol per dm3 :rate of photosynthesis remains (near) constant ; data quote ; carbon dioxide (concentration) is not the limiting factor ; light intensity / temperature, is limiting factor ;
A increases very little
max 5 [Total: 16]
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Paper 31
Page 8
Question 5
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Expected Answers
Marks
Syllabus 0610
Paper 31
Additional Guidance
(a) carbon dioxide CO2 ;
rice fields / cattle / land fill / rotting rubbish / oil extraction / coal mines / gas fracking sites / AW ; (b) (named) greenhouse gases ; trap / absorb, heat / (infra red / IR) radiation ; radiated back towards the Earths surface / heat kept near surface / prevents heat escaping (to space) / AW ; ref to long wavelength cannot escape Earths atmosphere / AW ; (c) (i) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
R UV radiation
max 3
increases until 1975 ;
decreases from 1980 ; to levels in 1930s / less than 1940; idea that slow rate of increase to 1940 ; faster rate of increase from 1945 ; decrease between 19401945 ; comparative data quotes ;
Accept reaches a peak in 1975-1980
max 4 lowers pH of, soil / water; kills / damages, leaves / plants / trees ; salts / minerals / ions, lost from soils ; toxic to / kills, fish / animals in waters / lakes / rivers ; 5 damages, limestone buildings / bronze statues ;
(ii) 1 2 3 4
year and emission must be given for each point, units
mentioned once A acidifies lakes
A marble, gravestones, etc.
max 3
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Page 9
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Syllabus 0610
Paper 31
(iii) use, alternative / renewable / green / AW ,
sources of energy ; A example(s) use low sulfur fuels / ORA; reduce use of coal ; flue gas desulfurisation / use scrubbers / chimney electrostatic precipitators / neutralise waste gases with lime ; catalytic converters ; (named) international treaty for reducing emissions ; car sharing / more public transport / cycle paths / AW
AVP ; e.g. any method to reduce demand for
energy max 3 [Total: 15]
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Page 10
Question 6
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Expected Answers
Marks
(a) self-pollination, occurs within same flower / between
flowers of same plant ; cross-pollination, occurs between flowers on different plants ; (b) wastage of pollen ; wastage of energy ; explanation ; depends on presence of pollinator ; need a pollinating / other, plant (nearby) ; long time for next generation to develop ; seeds scattered to places where they cannot grow ; variation leads to plants that are not adapted to place where parents grow / seeds end up ; (c) round RR wrinkled rr ;
Syllabus 0610
Paper 31
Additional Guidance
2 A idea of pollen does not reach a stigma
max 4
Cambridge International Examinations 2012
Page 11
Mark Scheme IGCSE October/November 2012
Syllabus 0610
Paper 31
(d) cross
1 2 3 4
phenotype of seeds in the seed pods
round seeds wrinkled seeds
pure bred for round seeds x
pure bred for wrinkled seeds offspring of cross 1 self pollinated offspring of cross 1 x pure bred for round seeds offspring of cross 1 x pure bred for wrinkled seeds
ratio of round to wrinkled seeds
1:0
3:1 ;
1:0 ;
1:1 ;
3 (e) controlled by (a) gene alone ; limited number / two, (pheno)types ; no intermediates ;
A (just) two types / round & wrinkled
max 1
(f) 1 colonisation / spread to new areas ;
2 where might be able to grow better ; 3 better (named) condition(s) ; 4 less competition ; 5 less (chance of) disease ; 6 idea that allows breeding with wider variety of plants; 7 AVP ;
light / water / minerals / CO2 / space
e.g. bigger gene pool / more alleles / AW max 3 e.g. Some survive a localized disaster / AW [Total: 14]
