This document contains 20 practice questions on topics related to real numbers and prime factorization. The questions cover finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers, determining if numbers are rational or irrational, and other related concepts. The questions are multiple choice or short answer and each includes the step-by-step working to arrive at the solution.
This document contains 20 practice questions on topics related to real numbers and prime factorization. The questions cover finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers, determining if numbers are rational or irrational, and other related concepts. The questions are multiple choice or short answer and each includes the step-by-step working to arrive at the solution.
This document contains 20 practice questions on topics related to real numbers and prime factorization. The questions cover finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers, determining if numbers are rational or irrational, and other related concepts. The questions are multiple choice or short answer and each includes the step-by-step working to arrive at the solution.
This document contains 20 practice questions on topics related to real numbers and prime factorization. The questions cover finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers, determining if numbers are rational or irrational, and other related concepts. The questions are multiple choice or short answer and each includes the step-by-step working to arrive at the solution.
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Grade x ch 1: Real Numbers
Practice questions
1. Find the largest number that will divide 398, 436 and 542 leaving remainders 7, 11, and 15 respectively. Solution: Algorithm 398 – 7 = 391, 436 – 11 = 425, 542 – 15 = 527 HCF of 391, 425, 527 = 17
2. Express 98 as a product of its primes.
Solution: 2 × 72
3. Express 98 as a product of its primes.
Solution: 2 × 72
4. f the HCF of 408 and 1032 is expressible in the form 1032 × 2 + 408 × p, then find the value of p. Solution: HCF of 408 and 1032 is 24. 1032 × 2 + 408 × (p) = 24 408p = 24 – 2064 p = -5
5. HCF and LCM of two numbers is 9 and 459 respectively. If one of the numbers is 27, find the other number. Solution: We know, 1st number × 2nd number = HCF × LCM ⇒ 27 × 2nd number = 9 × 459 ⇒ 2nd number = 9×45927 = 153
6. Find HCF and LCM of 13 and 17 by prime factorisation method.
9. Find the largest number which divides 70 and 125 leaving remainder 5 and 8 respectively.
Solution: It is given that on dividing 70 by the required number, there is a remainder 5. This means that 70 – 5 = 65 is exactly divisible by the required number. Similarly, 125 – 8 = 117 is also exactly divisible by the required number. 65 = 5 × 13 117 = 32 × 13 HCF = 13 Required number = 13
10. Prove that 2 + 3√5 is an irrational number.
Solution: Let us assume, to the contrary, that 2 + 3√5 is rational. So that we can find integers a and b (b ≠ 0). Such that 2 + 3√5 = ab, where a and b are coprime. Rearranging the above equation, we get
Since a and b are integers, we get a3b−23 is rational and so √5 is
rational. But this contradicts the fact that √5 is irrational. So, we conclude that 2 + 3√5 is irrational.
11. Show that 3√7 is an irrational number.
Solution: Let us assume, to the contrary, that 3√7 is rational. That is, we can find coprime a and b (b ≠ 0) such that 3√7 = ab Rearranging, we get √7 = a3b Since 3, a and b are integers, a3b is rational, and so √7 is rational. But this contradicts the fact that √7 is irrational. So, we conclude that 3√7 is irrational.
12. Explain why (17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11) is a composite
number? Solution: 17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11 …(i) = 2 × 11 × (17 × 5 × 3 + 1) = 2 × 11 × (255 + 1) = 2 × 11 × 256 Number (i) is divisible by 2, 11 and 256, it has more than 2 prime factors. Therefore (17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11) is a composite number. 13. Check whether 4n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n. Solution: 4n = (22)n = 22n The only prime in the factorization of 4n is 2. There is no other prime in the factorization of 4 n = 22n (By uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic). 5 does not occur in the prime factorization of 4n for any n. Therefore, 4n does not end with the digit zero for any natural number n.
14. Prove that √5 is irrational and hence show that 3 + √5 is also
irrational. Solution: Let us assume, to the contrary, that √5 is rational. So, we can find integers p and q (q ≠ 0), such that √5 = pq, where p and q are coprime. Squaring both sides, we get 5 = p2q2 ⇒ 5q2 = p2 …(i) ⇒ 5 divides p2 5 divides p So, let p = 5r Putting the value of p in (i), we get 5q2 = (5r)2 ⇒ 5q2 = 25r2 ⇒ q2 = 5r2 ⇒ 5 divides q2 5 divides q So, p and q have atleast 5 as a common factor. But this contradicts the fact that p and q have no common factor. So, our assumption is wrong, is irrational. √5 is irrational, 3 is a rational number. So, we conclude that 3 + √5 is irrational. Prove that 3 + 2√3 is an irrational number. Solution: Let us assume to the contrary, that 3 + 2√3 is rational. So that we can find integers a and b (b ≠ 0). Such that 3 + 2√3 = ab, where a and b are coprime. Rearranging the equations, we get Since a and b are integers, we get a2b−32 is rational and so √3 is rational. But this contradicts the fact that √3 is irrational. So we conclude that 3 + 2√3 is irrational.
15. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes respectively. If
they start tolling together, after what time will they next toll together? Solution: 9 = 32, 12 = 22 × 3, 15 = 3 × 5 LCM = 22 × 32 × 5 = 4 × 9 × 5 = 180 minutes or 3 hours They will next toll together after 3 hours.
16. Two tankers contain 850 liters and 680 liters of petrol. Find the maximum capacity of a container which can measure the petrol of each tanker in the exact number of times. Solution: To find the maximum capacity of a container which can measure the petrol of each tanker in the exact number of times, we find the HCF of 850 and 680. 850 = 2 × 52 × 17 680 = 23 × 5 × 17 HCF = 2 × 5 × 17 = 170 Maximum capacity of the container = 170 liters.
17. The length, breadth, and height of a room are 8 m 50 cm, 6 m
25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find the length of the longest rod that can measure the dimensions of the room exactly. Solution: To find the length of the longest rod that can measure the dimensions of the room exactly, we have to find HCF. L, Length = 8 m 50 cm = 850 cm = 21 × 52 × 17 B, Breadth = 6 m 25 cm = 625 cm = 54 H, Height = 4 m 75 cm = 475 cm = 52 × 19 HCF of L, B and H is 52 = 25 cm Length of the longest rod = 25 cm
18. Three alarm clocks ring at intervals of 4, 12 and 20 minutes
respectively. If they start ringing together, after how much time will they next ring together?
Solution: To find the time when the clocks will next ring together, we have to find LCM of 4, 12 and 20 minutes. 4 = 22 12 = 22 × 3 20 = 22 × 5
LCM of 4, 12 and 20 = 22 × 3 × 5 = 60 minutes.
So, the clocks will ring together again after 60 minutes or one hour.
19. n a school, there are two Sections A and B of class X. There are 48 students in Section A and 60 students in Section B. Determine the least number of books required for the library of the school so that the books can be distributed equally among all students of each Section. Solution: Since the books are to be distributed equally among the students of Section A and Section B. therefore, the number of books must be a multiple of 48 as well as 60. Hence, required num¬ber of books is the LCM of 48 and 60. 48 = 24 × 3 60 = 22 × 3 × 5 LCM = 24 × 3 × 5 = 16 × 15 = 240 Hence, required number of books is 240.
20. There are 104 students in class X and 96 students in class IX in
a school. In a house examination, the students are to be evenly seated in parallel rows such that no two adjacent rows are of the same class. (a) Find the maximum number of parallel rows of each class for the seating arrange¬ment. (b) Also, find the number of students of class IX and also of class X in a row. (c) What is the objective of the school administration behind such an arrangement? Solution: 104 = 23 × 13 96 = 25 × 3 HCF = 23 = 8
(a) Number of rows of students of class X = 1048 = 13
Number maximum of rows class IX = 968 = 12 Total number of rows = 13 + 12 = 25 (b) No. of students of class IX in a row = 8 No. of students of class X in a row = 8 (c) The objective of school administration behind such an arrangement is fair and clean examination, so that no student can take help from any other student of his/her class.
