MAPÚA UNIVERSITY
658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, Metro Manila
School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER
HYDRAULICS
CE142P-2 / A3
SUBMITTED BY:
Name: SOBERANO, Zandro Miguel G.
Student No.: 2017169912
Lab Group: 1
Date Performed: August 30, 2020
Date of Submission: September 11, 2020
SUBMITTED TO:
Instructor: Engr. Cris Edward F. Monjardin, MSCE
GRADE
HYDRAULICS DEPARTMENT
Name:_______________________________
Subject & Section:_____________________ Date Performed:________________
Instructor:____________________________ Date Submitted:________________
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER
Commercial Falling Sphere viscometers are non-available. One type of which
is shown on the sketch. The one available is not of the commercial type. This
viscometer makes use of the principles in case of flow around a small sphere.
For laminar flow vd/2 1 in which d is the diameter of the sphere. The
friction or the deformation drag Fd of the sphere moving at a constant velocity V
through a fluid of infinite extend is given b Stoke s Law with the following
assumptions:
1. The particle must be a sphere.
2. The surface of the particle must be smooth.
3. The resistance to fall or drag force Fd is due to the viscosity of the fluid.
4. The terminal velocity must be constant.
Fd = 3 Vt d ------------------------------------------------ (1)
Dm
Viscometer
W
Y
FB
Fd
1
A free body diagram of the sphere after it has acquired constant velocity or
terminal velocity is shown on the sketch where W is the weight of the sphere. Fb is
the buoyant force and Fd is the deformation drag.
Fd + Fb - W = 0 -----------------------------------------------(2)
Or 3 Vd + d3 L/6 - d3 s/6 = 0 --------------------------------(3)
Solving for :
= d2( s- L) ----------------------------------------------------(4)
18V
Equation (4) has to be corrected in actual practice because the extent of the
fluid is not infinite and the influence of boundary proximity on the sphere is large.
The correction is usually affected by multiplying the observed velocity of fall Vs by a
certain constant K which is a function of d/Dm the diameter of the sphere and
medium ratio, such that
V = Vs K----------------------------------------------------------(5)
where
K = 1 + 9d/ 4 Dm + (9d/4 Dm)2
The equation for viscosity then becomes
= d2( s - L) / 18VsK
for which the viscosity can be computed.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the viscosity of a certain fluid.
APPARATUS:
Viscometer stopwatch caliper steel balls
Hydrometer thermometer
2
LABORATORY PROCEDURE:
Determine the temperature and specific gravity of the liquid whose viscosity is
desired. Drop cautiously one of the spheres noting whether the sphere is guided
correctly or is off-center. Determine the time required for the sphere to travel a
certain distance. Repeat the procedure for each sphere.
REPORT:
From the data obtained in the laboratory, compute for each run
1. (a) Ratio of sphere diameter to diameter of medium, d/Dm
(b) Correction constant, K
(c) The observed velocity of fall, Vs
(d) Dynamic Viscosity,
2. Using the computed value of d namic viscosit , compute for the
Kinematic Viscosit .
= / L
3. Plot VS versus d/Dm.
3
EQUIPMENT DIAGRAM:
Hole
Cap
1st mark
Glycerin oil
Viscometer
d Steel ball
Dm, dia. of medium
2nd mark
4
FINAL DATA SHEET
NAME:___________________________________________________ DATE: _______________________
SUBJECT & SECTION:_______________________________________ GROUP NO.___________________
SEAT NO. __________
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER
GROUP TRIAL Y t VS d Dm V
d/Dm k
NO. NO. (m) (sec) (m/s) (m) (m) (m/s) (Pa-s) (m2/s)
1 1
2 1
1
3 1
4 1
1 1
2 1
2
3 1
4 1
1 1
2 1
3
3 1
4 1
5
GROUP TRIAL Y t VS d Dm V
d/Dm k
NO. NO. (m) (sec) (m/s) (m) (m) (m/s) (Pa-s) (m2/s)
1 1
2 1
4
3 1
4 1
1 1
2 1
5
3 1
4 1
1 1
2 1
6
3 1
4 1
6
SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS
(TRIAL 1)
Velocity of the Steel Ball, Vs
1 %
!! = => !! = -. ./01 2/4
3.35 )*+
Diameter of Sphere and Medium Ratio, d/Dm
5 0.00792 % 5
= => = -. -01;
6" 0.0925 % 6"
Correction Constant, K
9? 9? $
<=1+> B+> B
4A# 4A#
9(0.00792 %) 9(0.00792 %) $
<=1+> B+> B => < = E. ../0
4(0.0925 %) 4(0.0925 %)
Adjusted Velocity, V
! = F% × H
! = (0.2985 %/))(1.2298) => ! = -. J;KE 2/4
Viscosity, µ
(? $ )(M% − M& )
L=
(18)(F% )(H)
S S
[(0.00792 %)$ ] Q(9.8) R9810 ' T − (1.26) R9810 ' TV
L= % %
%
(18) R0.2985 T (1.2298)
)
=> L = -. ;-/- WX − 4
Kinematic Viscosity, Y
Z
Y=
[
0.6090 \] − )
Y= '
=> Y = -. ---`0JJ1K 2( /4
(1.26)(1000 ^_/% )
(TRIAL 2)
Velocity of the Steel Ball, Vs
1 %
!! = => !! = -. .;0E 2/4
3.73 )*+
Diameter of Sphere and Medium Ratio, d/Dm
5 0.007874 % 5
= => = -. -01E
6" 0.0925 % 6"
Correction Constant, K
9? 9? $
<=1+> B+> B
4A# 4A#
9(0.007874 %) 9(0.007874 %) $
<=1+> B+> B => < = E. ..0.
4(0.0925 %) 4(0.0925 %)
Adjusted Velocity, V
! = F% × H
! = (0.2681 %/))(1.2282) => ! = -. J./J 2/4
Viscosity, µ
(? $ )(M% − M& )
L=
(18)(F% )(H)
S S
[(0.007874 % )$ ] Q(9.8) R9810 ' T − (1.26) R9810 ' TV
L= % %
%
(18) R0.2681 T (1.2282)
)
=> L = -. ;KEE WX − 4
Kinematic Viscosity, Y
Z
Y=
[
0.6711 \] − )
Y= => Y = -. ---1J.;.. 2( /4
(1.26)(1000 ^_/%' )
