GENERAL PHYSICS 1

Week 8-9, Quarter 1, Module 6

JHAY-RAM BATARINA MEJIA STEM 12-HEISENBERG

LEARNING TASK 1: (WHAT I KNOW) STUDY PRE-TEST IN A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER PAGES 2-3
LEARNING TASK 2: (WHAT’S IN) PERFORM ACTIVITY 1 ON PAGE 4
Activity 1: Recall & Relate
Direction: Look at the 2 pictures, then answer the questions below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Questions

1. Which picture shows contact force? How about non-contact force?

 The Picture 1 shows the contact force while the Picture 2 shows the non-contact force.
2. Differentiate contact from non-contact force?
 From their names or terminologies, contact force exists or acts upon the point of contact among two objects and it
can be a for perpendicular to a surface, parallel to a surface and/or forces that opposes fluids; while on the other
hand non-contact force is the interactions between two objects without specifically having a physical contact and
regardless to physical separation, they can either repel or attract one another.
3. What specific kind of force is present in picture 1? How about in picture 2?
 The specific force present in picture one is (I guess), the frictional force because it is a force exerted by both of
the surfaces of the objects (which in this case are hands) that are currently being rubbed against each other, having
different directions or opposite ones. Then the picture two shows a magnetic force that causes the attraction
(because they are unlike poles of a magnet) between this two poles—poles that are not having physical contact
but interacts with one another.

LEARNING TASK 3: (WHAT’S NEW) PERFORM ACTIVITY 2 TO ACTIVITY 10 ON PAGES 5-12

Activity 2: Inertial reference frame
Direction: Study the picture below, then answer the questions below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Questions
1. Based from the picture, give 3 bodies in motion? Specify their reference point.
 Based from the picture: the boy biking, couple jogging on the road and the flying airplane at the atmosphere. For
the boy biking, the reference point can be the car at rest. Followed by the couple jogging, the frame of reference
 can be the boy at rest looking at the road. And lastly the frame of reference to the flying airplane can be the
clouds, or even again the boy and cars at rest.
2. Do these moving objects have their inertial frame of reference? What is inertial frame of reference?
 From the reference point that I gave, I don’t think these three have their inertial frame of references. Because
these three can accelerate at any given point of time. Relating to inertia, inertial frame of reference is a reference
frame where: an object remains at rest; or at constant velocity unless another force acts upon it. Similarly, it is a
frame of reference where law of inertia and other physics laws are valid. “Any frame moving at a constant
velocity relative to another frame is inertia.

Activity 3: Inertial or Non-inertial

Direction: Identify the following situations if it has inertial or non- inertial frame of reference. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Inertial / Non- Inertial Reference
Situation Frame
1. The object at rest and in motion remains motion unless acted by a net force. Inertial Frame of Reference

2. The object is accelerating either in linear fashion or rotating around some axis. Non-Inertial Frame of Reference

3. John is holding his a ball and riding on a bus that is moving with a constant Inertial Frame of Reference
velocity in a westward direction.
4. You are riding at the bus when suddenly the ball that you are holding falls down Non-Inertial Frame of Reference
the floor of the bus. The bus starts to decelerate, then the ball on the floor
accelerate forward inside the bus by itself.
5. Train moving with a constant velocity. Inertial Frame of Reference
6. Car A is speeding up and passing car B. Non-Inertial Frame of Reference
7. A turning car with a constant velocity Non-Inertial Frame of Reference
8. Bea drop the stone from the third floor of a building. The stones falls down Non-Inertial Frame of Reference
straight to the ground.
9. You and your friend is riding in a merry go round. You fells like not moving at Inertial Frame of Reference
all even the merry go round is continuously rotating to its center.

10. The driver is driving a vehicle moving at a constant speed at a straight road. Inertial Frame of Reference

Questions
1. What is your basis to classify these situations with inertial frame of reference?
 The very concept of the Law of Inertia, it is the reference point wherein an object will remain at rest and a
constantly moving (velocity) will remain as it is unless another force acts upon it. On the other hand, I consider
non-inertial frame of reference by observing the situation, if it accelerates as well as changes in direction,then it is
non-inertial motion.
2. What is inertial frame of reference?
 Inertial frame of reference is a reference frame where an object remains at rest or at constant velocity unless
another force acts upon it. Similarly, it is a frame of reference where law of inertia and other physics laws are
valid. “Any frame moving at a constant velocity relative to another frame is inertia.

3. Give examples of situations with inertial frame of reference and non-inertial frame of reference?
 First in the example of inertial frame of reference can include all objects at rest in our surroundings, for example a
soccer ball in the middle of the field, book atop a table, piggy banks at top of the cabinet and many more.
Similarly, when vehicles move at a constant velocity in a straight path it can also be considered under the inertial
frame of reference. And many more. On the other hand, examples of non-inertial reference include when a traffic
light turns green a certain car accelerates, a flying airplane, or even a free-falling object and many more.

Activity 4: My Action, Your Reaction!

Direction: One of the forces in the mutual interaction is described; describe the other force in the action-reaction force
pair. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Situation ( Action) Reaction
 1. The bat forces the ball to the right The ball forces the bat to the left.
2. Enclosed air particles push balloon Balloon wall pushing enclosed air particles
wall outwards. inwards.
3. Bowling ball pushes pin leftwards. Pin pushes the bowling ball rightwards

4. Dribbling the ball downward on the Bouncing of the ball from the ground upwards.
floor
5. Pressing the ground with your foot as The ground exerts force at it pushes me
you walk. upward.
6. Wheels exert a backward force on the The road (ground) exert a forward force on the
road as you drive a car. wheels making cars move to the direction of
the net force.
7. Baseball pushes glove leftwards. Glove pushes the baseball rightwards.

8. Applying downward force to your Ballpen forces/applies upward force to my

ballpen to write your answer on a paper. ballpen.
9. Swimmer’s feet pushes rightward to the The wall of the pool pushes the swimmer
wall of the pool. leftwards.
10. Firing a gun that causes the bullet to Recoil of the gun as it is the backward
accelerate away from the man’s body. movement exerted by the gun.

Questions
1. Based from the activity, state Newton’s third law of motion.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Equal reaction and can be in opposite directions.
2. Give at least three other examples of action-reaction pairs.
When a bird flies upward or toward any direction, as it flaps it wings the air pushes it to remain in midair--downward
force and upward force: interaction reaction. Lawn tennis players racket pushes the tennis ball forward with a backward
reaction onto it. Lastly, the force of hammer applied on to a nail downwards.

Activity 5: Force Be with You!

Direction: Complete the table below by identifying what fundamental force in nature is present in the following situations
and classify each force as to contact or non-contact. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Contact/ Non-
Situation Type of Force/s Symbol contact
1. The book is placed at rest Normal Force F n Contact
at the top to the table. Gravitational Force Fgrav Non-Contact
2. Magnet was put near the Magnetic Force Fmag Non-Contact
nails
Normal Force Fn Contact
3. The boy walks at the park.
Frictional Force Ffric Contact
4. The sky diver dives at the Fdrag/Fair
helicopter and reached his Drag Force/Air Resistance Contact
terminal velocity
5. The boy pushes the Applied Force Fapp Contact
shopping cart. Frictional Force Ffric Contact
6. The girl comb her hair by Electrostatic Force FE Non-Contact
a plastic comb
7. A star apple falls down the Gravitational Force Fgrav Non-Contact
tree. Drag Force/ Air Resistance Fdrag/Fair Contact
8. The mail man is riding on Applied Force Fapp Contact
his bicycle. Frictional Force Ffric Contact
 Gravitational Force Fgrav Non-Contact

9. The girl sit on her Tensional Force Ften Contact

hammock. Gravitational Force Fgrav Non-Contact
10. The auto mechanic Ften
compressed the spring of Tensional Force Contact
the car.
Guide Questions
1. What is a force?
Force is something that subsequently exist as we live in our surroundings. It has magnitude and has directions as how it
affects every living and non-living thing coexisting in the world/environment. Force is what makes us stand up straight on
the ground and what makes everything fall in the same land forms the earth has. Similarly, force enables humans and
other things in the world to form specific functions. Lastly, force can also be described simple by a push and pull.
2. What are the different fundamental forces in nature? Describe each.
I have different insights on how fundamental changes varies. Upon browsing on the net, I learned that there are four
specific types of fundamental forces in nature such as electromagnetic force, gravitational force, weak nuclear force and
strong nuclear force. But upon reading and tackling the lessons discussed here are what I have found out:
Normal Force-this non-contact force neglects the force of gravity, often still that makes things atop it organize or
functional.
Gravitational force-a non-contact force in which it pulls objects (living/nonliving ones) on the center of the Earth.
Frictional Force-a contact force which intercept an object in motion or object about to make motion. It is a motion,
opposite of that with an applied force.
Drag Force or Air Resistance-it is a contact force that opposes or counters falling objects or objects at the air.
Applied Force-Basically, a contact force applied by someone or something that makes something move.
Tensional force-a type of contact force applied to a rope/string/cable that makes them to be compressed or pulled/apart.
Electrostatic Force-"Electrostatics force are resulted by like charges that repel like protons and unlike charges that
attract like protons and electrons."

Activity 6: Free-body Diagram

Part I. Direction: Free-body diagrams for four situations are shown below. For each situation, determine the net force
acting upon the object. For each situation, write if the forces are BALANCED or UNBALANCED on a separate sheet
of paper.

Balance Unbalanc
e

Balance Unbalanc
e
Part II. Direction: Draw the Free Body Diagrams of the following. You don’t need to include
the magnitude (a number value) of the force, just draw the direction of the force and label it.
Also, you don’t have to draw the object, a square will work just fine. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. A book is at rest on a table-top.

2. A chandelier is hanging from the ceiling.

3. An egg is free-falling from a nest in a tree. Ignore air resistance.

4. A hang glider is gliding through the air towards the ground. Include air
resistance.

5. A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk with

a rightward acceleration. Consider frictional forces. Ignore air resistance.

6. A car is coasting to the right and slowing down. Neglect air resistance.

Questions
1. What is a free body diagram?
A free body diagram is a graphical representation of objects at rest or in motion along with all forces reacting to
that particular object. By “graphical representations,” it consists of the shape of the object, arrows indicating which
direction are forces acting, arrow indicators (what force does this represent?), and lastly magnitudes of the mass of the
object and magnitudes of ‘some,’ present forces acting upon the object.

2. What is the importance of a free body diagram?

It helps individuals or certain groups of individuals visually view or represent forces that acts on either object at
rest or objects in motion. Similarly, like what the book already have mentioned it helps solves mechanic’s problem.

3. How to construct a free body diagram?

First is to visualize and draw the one-dimensional shape of an object. Being familiar with forces and their
symbols try to list down all possible forces acting upon the object. Then after listing these, determine how these forces act
(direction-oriented). Then after these two steps you can draw these along with the drawn one-dimensional shape. Lastly,
if the certain problem consists of or gave a certain given, do not forget to include them in the diagram.

Activity 7: Static or Kinetic

Part I. Direction: Observe your immediate surroundings, identify 5 situations that show static friction and another 5 for
kinetic friction. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Present your answer as shown below.
STATIC FRICTION KINETIC FRICTION
1. Myself, in an Indian-sit position on the bed answering 1. Tricycle moving forward as it is pushed from the back.
modules.
2. A box of rimmed coupon bonds on top of the table. 2. A rolling ball on the smooth tiled-floor.
3. My mother's flower pot above a smooth carpet. 3. A kid sliding down in a slope bar of stairs.
4. A 25-liter water jag atop a chair. 4. A heavy box moving forward slowly being pushed by
my brother.
5. Our car parked in the garage. 5. A man tripped as he walked in a super rough cement
floor.
Question
1. Differentiate static friction from kinetic friction.
Basically, static friction is a friction force allowing an object at rest remain at rest unless a much greater force
(relative to mass) is applied to it. While on the other hand, kinetic friction is a friction force that resists the motion of an
object.

Activity 8: Let’s Solve It!

Direction: Identify the given quantities, unknown quantities and equations to solve the given problem. Encircle your final
answer.
WRITTEN ON YELLOW PAPER

Activity 9: Let’s Solve It!

Direction: Answer the following problems applying the Newton’s second law. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
WRITTEN ON YELLOW PAPER
Question
1. What are the quantities commonly found in the given problems?
Forces, masses and accelerations.

2. State the Newton’s second law of motion?

Acceleration, as produced by net force--is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force with the same direction,
and is inversely proportional of the object.

3. How are these 3 quantities related to each other?

From my perspective this can be based from varying amounts of each.
-Applying greater force compared to an object's mass will produce faster acceleration.
-Applying lesser force compared to an object's mass will produce slower acceleration.
-An object with a large mass, will most likely be needing to have a larger net force for it to accelerate. Otherwise, it will
move slower.

Activity 10: Let’s Solve It!

Direction: Identify the given quantities, unknown quantities and equations to solve the given problem. Encircle your final
answer.
WRITTEN ON YELLOW PAPER

LEARNING TASK 4: (WHAT IS IT) READ AND UNDERSTAND THE TOPIC ABOUT NEWTON’S LAWS ON
MOTION ON PAGES 12-15
LEARNING TASK 5: (WHAT’S MORE) PERFORM ACTIVITY 11 ON PAGE 15
Activity 11: Further More
Direction: Answer the problem below. Show your solution for problem solving items. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
WRITTEN ON YELLOW PAPER

LEARNING TASK 6: (WHAT I HAVE LEARNED) PERFORM ACTVITY 12 ON PAGE 16

Activity 12: Answer It!
Direction: Answer the following questions intelligently and precisely on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is inertial frame of reference? Give an example.

An inertial frame of reference is what someone perceives as somewhat, something, somewhere or someone at rest to
assess another object, place or place that either is as rest or at motion. In relative motion, inertial frame of reference is or
are basically, "references," where we can assess another object/s in motion relative to these completely still inertial frame
rates. Similarly, as the module stated these are frames where we could recognize various Newton's Law. The module also
stated the Earth as an example. Here are some sample scenarios:
1. On a highway, there is a man standing facing the highway where a constantly moving car is passing by. When
we take the man as the IFOR (Initial Frame of Reference), the car is moving. On the other hand, the surroundings
are moving relative to the person inside the car.
2. When you throw a ball upwards upon being in a train: the thrower or the ball only notices the vertical
component of the ball's movement; but someone observing this outside a train sees a parabolic path after the ball
being thrown--saw both vertical and horizontal path of the ball.
3. Relative to the floor, the box changed place after having gone motion through force exerted onto it.

2. Differentiate contact force from non-contact force. Give examples on each.

Basically, from the terminologies used contact and non-contact: contact forces are acting forces acted on objects
having contact onto one another; its counterpart on the other hand, non-contact forces are acting forces acted without
having physical contacts onto one another. Contact forces exists as two objects interact; non-contact forces can exert pull
or push forces onto objects without having physical contacts. These are examples:
1. Gravitational and Normal forces are present when a book is placed on a table. The weight of the book, with the
presence of gravitational force makes it not suspended in the air (neglecting any other forces): thus, downward
force. An upward force is called the normal force that neglects the gravitational force. Tensional force coincides
as an object or person makes contact with ropes/cables that makes them to be compressed or to be stretched on
each side.
 2. For non-contact forces, the most common example are magnets. This is because these can cause attraction and
repulsion with indirect contact with one another. On the other hand, gravitational forces are almost everywhere
in the each which pulls everything with mass to the center of the earth.

3. State the Newton’s Laws of Motion. Give an example on each.

First Newton's Law is the Law of Inertia, where an object at rest or an object in motion (constant velocity) will remain as
they are unless unbalance external forces acts upon them such as a box on floor will remain at its position unless
someone pushes it; or a constant-speed moving car will remain as fast as it is unless there are circumstances that makes
it move faster or slower. Second law is the Law of Acceleration, which indicates the relationship of force, mass and
accelerations. Example for this is pushing a 100kg box with 3N force and the box still does not move, the formula given
can help give an accurate N and/or kg that could and would cause an acceleration upon its movement. Lastly, Law of
Interaction states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Examples are balloon, air pushes the
balloon (particularly balloon wall) outwards, while the balloon wall encloses the air inside it with an inward force.

4. What is a free-body diagram? Construct the free-body diagram of your activity as of the moment.
A free-body diagram, from its name, diagram, is a graphical presentation or representation of an objects position,
which includes arrows, mass, magnitudes of present forces acting upon it.

5. Differentiate static friction from kinetic friction.

The force of static friction is what causes an object to be at rest. On the other hand, the forces of kinetic friction are
what opposes an objects motion after the static friction was overcame.

6. How to solve for coefficient of friction?

First, we draw a free-body diagram related to the given problem. Remember to include and also list all the given
known values and list down a value of what we are about to solve. Familiarize yourself with both static and kinetic
frictions and problems regarding them. An object already in motion falls under kinetic friction. Problems commonly do
not mention the normal force present. The formula for normal force is equal to mass times gravitational force. Then after
this, with the presence of all these values using the formula given by this module we can substitute given magnitudes to
solve for the answers or particularly, frictional coefficients.

LEARNING TASK 7: (WHAT CAN I DO) PERFORM ACTIVITY 13 ON PAGES 16-17

Activity 13: Let’s Apply!
Direction: Think of your day-to-day activities that illustrate the 3 Newton’s Laws of Motion. Give one on each law, then
construct its free-body diagram showing the net force. Present your answer as shown below on a separate sheet of paper.
Newton’s Law of Motion Activity Free-body Diagram
1. Law of Inertia

Whenever I study for

complying, I am placing my
laptop on top of a table. It stays
there until such time I am
transferring it to another
location.

2. Law of Acceleration

We have a pull-out bed in our

house--and technically I am the
one using it. Whenever I wake
up in the morning, it was at rest
not until I push it inside the bed.
 3. Law of Interaction

Sitting on any chair, or even on

the ground, tables and many
more places where I sit.

LEARNING TASK 8: (ASSESSMENT) ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER ON

PAGES 15-18
Assessment
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. A/B
8. D
9. B
10. C
11. C
12. B
13. B
14. C
15. C

Reflection WEEKS 7-9

First of all, I learned about projectile motions. A projectile is an object thrown that follows or moves along a
curved path under the influence of both pulling force of gravity(-9.8m/s²) and air resistance. The "curved path" mentioned
mostly pertains to a parabolic path. The path travelled by the projectile is called "trajectory." Similarly, I learned that in
solving projectile motions, vertical (y) and horizontal (x) are independent onto one another--hence we use separate
equations to discuss each motion. There are no combinations to solve or to follow. From our previous lesson(free-fall),
which are object dropped from rest or object vertically thrown upward are the first two types of projectile motions. While
on the other hand, projectile motions are also considered upon objects thrown at a specific angle to the horizontal
projection--making both vertical and horizontal components complement. With these types given, we can evidently see
that the following factors affect the projectile motion: gravity, air resistance, angle, speed and height.
There are two primary components of projectile motion which are:
Horizontal motion which pertains to the object's motion related to the horizontal axis or along the x-axis (of the
cartesian plane). Since it is in horizontal motion, and no horizontal force is acting on the object, it is in constant
motion/velocity;
Vertical motion on the other hand refers to the object's motion in the vertical axis or the y-axis of the cartesian plane.
Since we have related this to the y-axis which has directions going up and going down, we have a constant gravitational
acceleration which is 9.8m/s² that changes each second in the projectile motion. The velocity is 0 when at the peak of the
trajectory.
Given these two, we also acquire terminologies related to them as the trajectory changes in the motion. These are:
-Horizontal Distance (dx)
 -Horizontal Displacement (dx)
-Horizontal Range (dx)
-Horizontal Velocity (Vx)
-Vertical distance (dy)
-Vertical Displacement (dy)
-Maximum Height Reached (dy)
-Vertical Velocity (Vy)
-Initial Velocity and Final Velocity (Vi and Vf respectively with direction)
-Constant Vertical Acceleration (9.8m/s²)
-Constant Horizontal Acceleration (0m/s²)
-Time (t)
-Theta (angle in degrees)
-SOH-CAH-TOA
-and many more

Finally, on lesson 1 I learned some easy ways to solve for the velocities of both horizontal and vertical motion. For the
x component, we simply multiply a given velocity to the cosine of the given angle. On the other hand, for the y-
component, we multiply a given velocity to sine of the given angle. And we get their velocities. I also learned that finding
the final velocity is the same as finding the initial velocity (but the direction of downward motion is negative on velocities
of the y-component).
Module's 5 lesson 2 mainly focused on motion in circular path. I first learned about how the speed along the circular
motion (linear speed) formula(v=2πr/t) was derived from the formula of velocity and formula of the circumference of the
circle. Also keep in mind that linear speed must be in one revolution. Then I learned about the tangential velocity, tangent
meaning a line that touches only one point of the circle. Then afterwards, I learned how to introduce speed in terms of
angles. Angular speeds are represented by small letter omega equal to linear speed over radius or theta over time with a
unit of radiance per second. Angle travelled is acquired, by simply multiply the radius and angle travelled.
Tangential velocity is the velocity measured of an object moving along the edge of a circle with the respective
direction that the tangent line is towards solely based on the object's direction. Its formula is angular velocity times radius.
It is derived from the tangential velocity formula and the angular velocity formula. Followed by the tangential
acceleration, which measures how the tangential velocity of a point changes with time. Which similarly looks like the
formula for acceleration figuratively, the change in velocity divided by the change in time.
Centripetal acceleration "is the instantaneous acceleration that compels a body to move around a circular path." On the
other hand, centripetal also means center seeking; towards the center. A typical example of this is tying a heavy material
at the end of a string and applied force to move it circularly to make it move in a circular path--the tendency is it has an
outward force, meaning it seeks the center but due to force and constant velocity applied it forms a circle that represents
the centripetal acceleration. Centripetal force on the other hand, is "a net force that acts on an object to keep it moving
along a circular path." Finally, the radius of curvature is solving for the radius on the formula of the centripetal force.
The projectile motion is yet easier compared to the circular motion which is somehow new to my perspective, but I
managed to answer all the activities signifying that I somehow get the lesson discussed.
I really thought that inertial frames of reference refer to frames of references in which the law of inertia is experienced
or witnessed, but I found out that it mostly pertains to all three laws of Newton's motion. Meaning that the surface of the
earth in almost an inertial frame as if it was a place full of movements and all.
Additionally, I learned about contact forces and by its name "contact," these are forces acting at the "point of contact
between two objects at each other." It is subdivided into three components: first is the, force of the first object
perpendicular to the surface of an object known as normal force; second is the force of the first object parallel to the
surface of an object or the friction force and forces that opposes fluids. Basically, contact force refers to acting forces
when objects came upon contacting.
The first type of contact force is the normal force. A normal force is a force exerted against the gravitational force
present by the objects touching each other. Secondly, are tensional force that refers to force exerted to a rope, string or
cable of some sort that makes the object-exerter to be compressed or to be stretched by pulling on each side. Thirdly are
frictional forces that refers to the force exerted by both objects' surfaces being rubbed against each other resulting by
either moving in the same direction or different direction. Then lastly is the force in the opposite direction of the object in
air or fluid called air resistance force or drag force.
On the contrary, noncontact force refers to forces acting between two objects that interacts without any physical
contact to each other. Regardless of their physical separation they can exert push or pull to the object. The first two types
are very much alike as alike charges/poles repel and unlike charges/poles attract. In electrostatic force it can result to
positive and negative charges of particles. Lastly is the gravitational force that pulls objects with masses towards the
center of the earth.
Then, I learned about Newton's Laws of Motion which is not new to me, but serves as a reminder on this lesson. Free
body diagrams pertain to diagrams that are used to show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an
object in a given situation.
Lastly, I learned about friction and its types. Friction is a type of force that acts opposing the relative motion or
attempted motion of one surface across another surface. It is dependent on mass, texture of objects and number of forces
pushing the two surfaces together. The first type is static friction where it lets the object as rest. Followed by kinetic
friction that manifests once the static friction is overcame and it is what slows down a moving object.