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  • Cooling Tower

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    Lucas Furlan
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    The document describes three examples of cooling tower calculations. In the first example, the exit temperature of cooled water is calculated to be 31.9°C. The second example determines that 0.654 kg of air at a volume of 0.5709 m3 is needed to cool 1 kg of water, and 248.7 kg/min of water can be cooled with 142 m3/min of air. The third example finds the air mass flow rate to be 3.244 kg/s and make-up water requirement to be 0.1810 kg/s.

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    The document describes three examples of cooling tower calculations. In the first example, the exit temperature of cooled water is calculated to be 31.9°C. The second example determines that 0.654 kg of air at a volume of 0.5709 m3 is needed to cool 1 kg of water, and 248.7 kg/min of water can be cooled with 142 m3/min of air. The third example finds the air mass flow rate to be 3.244 kg/s and make-up water requirement to be 0.1810 kg/s.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    71 views6 pages

    Cooling Tower

    Uploaded by

    Lucas Furlan
    The document describes three examples of cooling tower calculations. In the first example, the exit temperature of cooled water is calculated to be 31.9°C. The second example determines that 0.654 kg of air at a volume of 0.5709 m3 is needed to cool 1 kg of water, and 248.7 kg/min of water can be cooled with 142 m3/min of air. The third example finds the air mass flow rate to be 3.244 kg/s and make-up water requirement to be 0.1810 kg/s.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    COOLING TOWERS

    1. A mechanical-draft cooling tower receives 115 m3 per second of atmospheric


    air at 103 kPa, 32 C dry bulb temperature, 55% RH and discharges the air
    saturated at 36 C. If the tower receives 200 kg/s of water at 40 C, what will be
    the exit temperature of the cooled water?

    Solution:

    m 3 = 200 kg s
    t3 = 40 C

    tdb2 = 36 C saturated

    V1 =115 m3 s
    tdb1 = 32 C
    φ1 = 55%

    at 1, for tdb1 = 32 C
    pd = 4.799 kPa
    hg1 =2559.9 kJ kg

    1
    COOLING TOWERS

    ps = φ1 pd = 0.55( 4.799 ) = 2.639 kPa


    0.622 ps 0.622( 2.639 )
    W1 = = = 0.0164 kg kg
    pt − ps 103 − 2.639

    h1 = cptdb1 + W1hg = (1.0062)( 32 ) + ( 0.0164)( 2559.9 ) = 74.2 kJ kg

    v1 =
    RT
    =
    ( 0.287 )( 32 + 273) = 0.8722 m3 kg
    pt − ps 103 − 2.639
    V 115
    a= 1 =
    m =131.85 kg s
    v1 0.8722

    at 2, t db2 = 36 C , saturated
    ps = pd = 5.979 kPa
    hg 2 = 2567.1 kJ kg

    0.622ps 0.622( 5.979 )


    W2 = = = 0.0383 kg kg
    pt − ps 103 − 5.979

    h2 = cptdb2 + W2 hg = (1.0062 )( 36) + ( 0.0383)( 2567.1) = 134.5 kJ kg

    At 3, t3 = 40 C
    h3 =hf at 40 C =167.57 kJ kg

    To solve for m  4:
    By Mass Balance:
    m 3 +m
     a + W1m
     a =m  4 +m
     a + W2 m
    a
     3 + ( W1 − W2 ) m
     4 =m
    m  a = 200 + ( 0.0164 − 0.0383)(131.85) = 197.1 kg s

    To solve for h4 :
    m ah1 + m
     3 h3 = m
     4 h4 + m
     ah2
    (131.85)( 74.2) + ( 200)(167.57 ) = (197.1) ( h4 ) + (131.85)(134.5)
    h4 =129.70 kJ kg
    ∴ t4 = 31.9 C - exit water temperature.

    2. In a cooling tower water enters at 52 C and leaves at 27 C. Air at 29 C and


    47% RH also enters the cooling tower and leaves at 46 C fully saturated with
    moisture. It is desired to determine (a) the volume and mass of air necessary to
    cool 1 kg of water, and (b) the quantity of water that can be cooled with 142 cu
    m per minute of atmospheric air.

    2
    COOLING TOWERS

    Solution:

    t3 = 52 C
    tdb2 = 46 C sat
    tdb1 = 29 C
    φ1 = 47%
    t4 = 27 C

    From psychrometric chart


    At 1, tdb1 = 29 C , φ1 = 47%
    h1 =59 kJ kg
    W1 = 0.0116 kg kg
    v1 = 0.873 m3 kg

    at 2, tdb2 = 46 C , saturated
    ps = pd =10.144 kPa
    hg2 =2585.0 kJ kg

    3
    COOLING TOWERS

    0.622 ps 0.622(10.144 )
    W2 = = = 0.0692 kg kg
    pt − ps 101.325 − 10.144

    h2 = cptdb2 + W2 hg = (1.0062 )( 46) + ( 0.0692)( 2585) = 225.2 kJ kg

    At 3, t3 = 52 C
    h3 =hf at 52 C =217.69 kJ kg

    At 4, t4 = 27 C
    h4 =hf at 27 C =113.25 kJ kg

    (a) Volume of air necessary to cool 1 kg of water = V1 = mav1

    To solve for ma when m3 =1 kg

    By energy balance:
    Eq. (1) mah1 + m3 h3 = mah2 + m4 h4
    By mass balance
    m3 − m4 = ma (W2 − W1 )
    Eq. (2) m4 = m3 − ma (W2 − W1 )
    Substitute in (1)

    Eq. (3) mah1 + m3 h3 = mah2 + [ m3 − ma ( W2 − W1 ) ] h4


    ( ma ) ( 59) + (1)( 217.69) = ( ma ) ( 225.2) + [1 − ( ma ) ( 0.0692 − 0.0116) ] (113.25)
    ma = 0.654 kg

    Volume of air = V1 = mav1 = ( 0.654 )( 0.873) = 0.5709 m3

    Mass of air required = ma = 0.654 kg

    (b) Let m
     3 = quantity of water.
    V 142
    a= 1 =
    m =162.66 kg min
    v1 0.873

    Use Eq. (3), change ma → m


     a , m3 → m
    3
     ah1 + m
    m  ah2 + [ m
     3 h3 = m  a ( W2 − W1 ) ] h4
     3 −m
     3 ) ( 217.69) = (162.66)( 225.2 ) + [ m
    (162.66)( 59) + ( m  3 − (162.66)( 0.0692 − 0.0116 ) ](113.25)
    9597 + 217.69m  3 =36,631 +113.25m
     3 −1061.1
     3 = 248.7 kg min
    m

    ∴ Quantity of water =  3 = 248.7 kg min


    m

    4
    COOLING TOWERS

    3. A cooling tower receives 6 kg/s of water of 60 C. Air enters the tower at 32 C


    dry bulb and 27 C wet bulb temperatures and leaves at 50 C and 90%
    relative humidity. The cooling efficiency is 60.6%. Determine (a) the mass
    flow rate of air entering, and (b) the quantity of make-up water required.

    Solution:

    m 3 = 6 kg s , t3 = 60 C
    tdb2 = 50 C
    φ 2 = 90%
    tdb1 = 32 C
    twb1 = 27 C

    Cooling tower efficiency = 60.6%

    To solve for t 4 :
    t3 − t 4
    Efficiency =
    t3 − twb1
    60 − t4
    0.606 =
    60 − 27

    5
    COOLING TOWERS

    t3 = 40 C

    at 1, tdb1 = 32 C , twb1 = 27 C
    h1 =85 kJ kg
    W1 = 0.0208 kg kg

    at 2, tdb2 = 50 C , φ 2 = 90%
    pd =12.349 kPa
    ps = φ2 pd = ( 0.90 )(12.349) = 11.114 kPa
    hg2 =2592.1 kJ kg
    0.622 ps 0.622(11.114 )
    W2 = = = 0.0766 kg kg
    pt − ps 101.325 −11.114

    h2 = cptdb2 + W2 hg = (1.0062 )( 50) + ( 0.0766 )( 2592.1) = 248.9 kJ kg

    At 3, t3 = 60 C
    h3 =hf at 60 C =251.13 kJ kg

    At 4, t4 = 40 C
    h4 =hf at 40 C =167.57 kJ kg
    By mass balance
    m3 − m4 = ma (W2 − W1 )
    m4 = m3 − ma (W2 − W1 )

    By energy valance
    m a h1 + m
     3h3 = m
     a h2 + m
     4 h4
    m  ah1 + m  3 h3 = m  ah2 + [ m
     3 −m  a ( W2 − W1 ) ] h4
    ( m a ) ( 85) + ( 6)( 251.13) = ( m a ) ( 248.9) + [ 6 − ( m a ) ( 0.0766 − 0.0208) ](167.57 )
    85m  a +1506.8 = 248.9m
     a +1005.4 −9.35m
    a
    m a = 3.244 kg s

     a = 3.244 kg s
    (a) Mass flow rate of air = m
    (b) Make Up Water = ma (W2 − W1 ) = ( 3.244 )( 0.0766 − 0.0208) = 0.1810 kg s

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