Andres Bonifacio was a revolutionary who founded the secret organization Katipunan to fight for Philippine independence from Spain. The Katipunan started small but grew rapidly, establishing councils in Cavite led by Emilio Aguinaldo and Mariano Alvarez. In 1896, the Spanish discovered the Katipunan, leading Bonifacio to call members to tear up their registration documents and start an armed revolution. This began the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
Andres Bonifacio was a revolutionary who founded the secret organization Katipunan to fight for Philippine independence from Spain. The Katipunan started small but grew rapidly, establishing councils in Cavite led by Emilio Aguinaldo and Mariano Alvarez. In 1896, the Spanish discovered the Katipunan, leading Bonifacio to call members to tear up their registration documents and start an armed revolution. This began the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
Andres Bonifacio was a revolutionary who founded the secret organization Katipunan to fight for Philippine independence from Spain. The Katipunan started small but grew rapidly, establishing councils in Cavite led by Emilio Aguinaldo and Mariano Alvarez. In 1896, the Spanish discovered the Katipunan, leading Bonifacio to call members to tear up their registration documents and start an armed revolution. This began the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
Andres Bonifacio was a revolutionary who founded the secret organization Katipunan to fight for Philippine independence from Spain. The Katipunan started small but grew rapidly, establishing councils in Cavite led by Emilio Aguinaldo and Mariano Alvarez. In 1896, the Spanish discovered the Katipunan, leading Bonifacio to call members to tear up their registration documents and start an armed revolution. This began the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
EMILIO THE KKK JACINTO | KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN ANDRES BONIFACIO The Great Plebeian | Supremo |Ama ng Katipunan
Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 in Tondo,
Manila. He has five younger siblings: Ciriaco, Procopio, Troadio, Espridiona, and Maxima. He studied under Guillermo Osmeña but had to stop
Her mother died because of Tuberculosis and a year after, his
father died too. Being the eldest of six siblings and orphaned at an early age, he had to act as both parents to all younger siblings. ANDRES BONIFACIO He sold canes and paper fans, played as an actor in Zarzuelas, did
messengerial and trading work for an English firm called Fleming & Co. and
finally as a warehouse man for another English firm, Fressel & Co.
Amidst extreme poverty, Andres Bonifacio never neglected his education.
Instead, these conditions helped open his eyes to the many injustices of the
current system.
He devoted his time studying human rights, international ordinances, the
penal system and civil codes. Through his own striving, he learned to read,
write and speak the Spanish Language.
ANDRES BONIFACIO BECOMES A MEMBER OF THE LIGA FILIPINA
Dr. Jose Rizal founded the Liga Filipina, an organization that was geared towards reforming the country by providing legal, educational, financial and economic assistance to the average Filipino. Andres Bonifacio was one of the members of the league. THE KKK (KATAASTAASAN KAGALANG GALANG NA KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN) July 7, 1892
After the Spanish discovered the existence of the La Liga Filipina, Rizal was ordered to be deported to Dapitan. As a response, Bonifacio, together with Deodato Arellano, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Jose Dizon and other members of the league, held a secret meeting at No. 72 Azcarraga Street, Tondo, Manila. The meeting marked the formation of the Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan “KKK”. As a sign of their membership, the group engaged in a symbolic blood compact ceremony. Here, Andres Bonifacio married Gregoria De Jesus, the Muse of the Katipunan. DEODATO ARELLANO IS ELECTED AS THE FIRST SUPREMO OF THE KATIPUNAN (July 15, 1892)
The Katipunan's Supreme Council also elected Andres Bonifacio as Comptroller,
Ladislao Diwa as Fiscal, Teodoro Plata as Secretary and Valentin Diaz as Treasurer. ROMAN BASA BECOMES THE SECOND SUPREMO OF THE KATIPUNAN (February 1, 1893)
Bonifacio thought that Arellano was not suited for the role of the Supremo and called for a reorganization of the Supreme Council. This time, Jose Turiano Santiago was chosen as Secretary, Andres Bonifacio as Fiscal and Vicente Molina as Treasurer. FEMALES IN THE KATIPUNAN (March 1893)
The female members were responsible for keeping the organization's important documents and for misleading the Spaniards so that Katipunan meetings would not be discovered. Gregoria De Jesus also called Oriang (wife of Bonifacio), became one of the first female members of the Katipunan together with Melchora Aquino, Teresa Magbanua, Agueda Kahabagan, Trinidad Tecson, Josefa Rizal, Marina Dizon, Trinidad Rizal, and Angelica Lopez. ANDRES BONIFACIO IS CHOSEN TO BE THE KATIPUNAN’S SUPREMO (January 5, 1894)
Jose Turiano Santiago acted as Secretary, Emilio Jacinto as Fiscal and
Vicente Molina as Treasurer. THE KALAYAAN (March 1896) Upon their return from Australia, Katipunan members Francisco del Castillo and Candido Iban generously bought a printing press for the Katipunan.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela, the Supreme Council's Fiscal at that time, requested to be in charge of the organization's printing press but did not have enough time for it.
Emilio Jacinto took the responsibility of producing and writing for what was to be Katipunan's Official Publication. The Kalayaan’s Publication was dated on January 1896. However, it was said to be officially circulated only on March 1896.
The details of the newspaper's publication indicate that Marcelo H. Del Pilar is its editor and that it was published from Japan in order to hide the identity of its real source from the Spaniards. MAGDALO AND MAGDIWANG (April 1896)
Andres Bonifacio, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto and Pantaleon Torres went to Noveleta, Cavite to form the Magdiwang.
Magdiwang will serve as the Katipunan's Provincial Chapter.
On the same day, Bonifacio and his companions went to Emilio Aguinaldo's house in Kawit, Cavite to form another council which was named Magdalo.
Both the Magdalo and Magdiwang Councils were established on Good Friday to avoid the suspicion of the Spaniards. MEETING WITH RIZAL AT DAPITAN
(May 1896) Because of their wish to know Rizal's opinion about the Katipunan's plans for uprising, Bonifacio sent Physician Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan.
Raymundo Mata, an eye patient recommended by Aguinaldo, came with
him to avoid any suspicions.
However, instead of supporting the Katipunan's intentions, Rizal believed
that Filipinos are not yet ready to have an armed conflict against the Spaniards.
He suggested that the group try to gain affluent supporters first should they wish to continue with their plans. THE PLOT TO SEEK SUPPORT FROM RIZAL (May 3, 1896)
As the Katipunan acquired more members, the Spaniards also began to be
suspicious.
Before they wage war against the colonizers, the members of the Katipunan felt that they need to consult and gain support from Dr. Jose Rizal first.
A meeting was held at the house of Valentin Cruz in Pasig. A plan to ask for Rizal's involvement with the organization was made. Dr. Pio Valenzuela, a physician and member of the Katipunan, was chosen to pay Rizal a visit in Dapitan. THE SPANIARDS DISCOVERED THE KATIPUNAN (July 1896) After operating in secret for four years, the Katipunan was finally discovered by the Spaniards because of an incident in Diario de Manila, a place where Katipuneros hide some of their organization's paraphernalia.
Though not a member of the Katipunan, Patiño was aware of the hidden documents of his other co-workers
His fight with Dela Cruz lead him to reveal the group's activities to the authorities.
After gaining enough evidence to prove the Katipunan's existence, Spanish
soldiers began to arrest and torture suspected members of the group. THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN (August 23, 1896)
In light of the discovery of the Katipunan, Bonifacio summoned his men to a General Assembly.
At the yard of Juan A. Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino, Bonifacio asked the Katipuneros if they were prepared to fight the Spaniards.
All agreed except for Bonifacio’s brother-in-law Teodoro Plata. Moved by his men, Bonifacio asked them to tear their cedulas as a symbol of their determination to take up arms.
Following their Supremo, they tore their cedulas while shouting, ‘Long live the Philippines!’ THE FIRST SKIRMISH (August 25, 1896)
Bonifacio was notified that Civil Guards and Infantrymen were heading their way.
A Skirmish between the Katipuneros and the Spaniards soon after
followed with Bonifacio losing two men while the Spaniards, one.
The Katipuneros decided to retreat as they only had bolos and few guns. The Spaniards, meanwhile, outnumbered by the rebels also decided to retreat. THE BATTLE OF SAN JUAN DEL MONTE (August 30, 1896)
Bonifacio and his men attacked El Polvorin, a Spanish position in San
Juan del Monte.
Spanish position in San Juan de Monte. Stationed to defend El Polvorin
were 100 well-armed and trained Artillerists and Infantrymen.
Armed again with only bolos and homemade guns, the rebels were overwhelmed by the Spaniards even if they had the numbers. PROCLAMATION OF MARTIAL LAW
(August 30, 1896)
On the same day as the Battle of Pinaglabanan, Governor General
Blanco declared a state of war on eight Luzon Provinces – Manila,
Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac. BATTLE OF KAWIT AND LIBERATION OF NOVELETA (August 31, 1896)
Emilio Aguinaldo assaulted and captured the town tribunal of Kawit,
Cavite. On the same day, Mariano Alvarez liberated Noveleta. CRY OF NUEVA ECIJA (September 2, 1896)
Under the leadership of General Mariano Llanera, Municipal Captain of
Cabiao, 2,000 revolucionarios attacked the Spanish Garrison in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.
Despite being only armed with bolos and pointed sticks, the revolucionarios attacked and held the town for three days until being forced out by the Spaniards in a heated battle. BATTLE OF IMUS (September 5, 1896)
Emilio Aguinaldo, then the Alkalde of Kawit, won a battle in Imus
against Spanish forces led by General Ernesto Aguirre. IMUS ASSEMBLY (December 31, 1896) The two factions of the Katipunan--- Magdiwang led by Mariano Alvarez and Magdalo led by Baldomero Aguinaldo---met in Imus where it was discussed whether there would be a reorganization of the Katipunan or an agreement that the Katipunan would be replaced by a new revolutionary government.
The Magdalo faction proposed that the Katipunan no longer served its purposes as it was already discovered.
The Magdiwang faction objected the latter proposal claiming that the Katipunan already had its own constitution and bylaws and had yet to accomplish its mission.
The meeting did not reach a resolution between the two parties. Bonifacio, however, was tasked to designate the number of persons to form the legislative body in charge of the reorganization planning. THE FIRST TEJEROS CONVENTION (March 22, 1897)
The Magdalo and Magdiwang factions met once again at a friar estate in Tejeros, San
Francisco de Malabon to discuss measures on how to defend Cavite against the Spanish
forces under General Jose de Lachambre and to elect the officers to form the revolutionary
government.
Jacinto Lumbreras (Magdiwang) initially presided the meeting but would later yield to
Bonifacio when the meeting took turn to discuss the reorganization of the revolutionary
government. Elections were held and the following officers won seats in the revolutionary government:
Emilio Aguinaldo – President of the Government
Mariano Trias – Vice President
Artemio Ricarte – Captain General
Emiliano Riego de Dios – Director of War
Andres Bonifacio – Director of the Interior
Aguinaldo was not present in this meeting as he was in the military front in Pasong Santol.
It was in this meeting when the Infamous Tiff between Daniel Tirona and Andres Bonifacio occurred.
Tirona protested that Bonifacio was unfit for his position because of his lack of credentials and instead proposed that Jose del Rosario, a lawyer, take Bonifacio’s place. ACTA DE TEJEROS (March 23,1897)
Bonifacio drew up the Acta de Tejeros, a document proclaiming that the
election held in the previous Tejeros Convention was invalid. NAIK MILITARY AGREEMENT (April 1897)
In light of the elections they considered as a sham, Bonifacio and his
men drew up a document establishing a Government that was Independent and separate from the one established in the Tejeros Convention.
Among the forty-one men who signed it were Andres Bonifacio,
Artemio Ricarte, Pio del Pilar and Severino de las Alas. CHARGES LAID AGAINST BONIFACIO (April 15, 1897) Under the orders of President Emilio Aguinaldo, Col. Agapito Bonzon and Jose Ignacio Paua were to pursue and arrest Bonifacio for the following charges:
(1) That Andres Bonifacio had been paid by the friars to organize the Katipunan and to send forth unarmed Filipinos into a struggle against the Spanish Government which possessed everything necessary for a harsh cam-paign.
(2) That Andres Bonifacio had ordered his men to burn the church and convent of Indang should the Spaniards capture the town.
(3) That Andres Bonifacio’s men stole Carabaos and other work animals by force and killed them for food.
(4) That Andres Bonifacio had misspent all the funds of the Katipunan.
(5) That Andres Bonifacio intended to surrender with all his men to the Spaniards. THE ARREST OF ANDRES BONIFACIO (April 28, 1897)
The forces of Bonzon and Paua killed Ciriaco Bonifacio, the eldest brother of Andres Bonifacio, in the middle of a Skirmish with the Supremo’s men in Limbong, Indang, Cavite.
Bonzon wounded Bonifacio’s left arm with a gunshot. With his injury, the Supremo was arrested together with his men. THE TRIAL OF ANDRES BONIFACIO (April 29 – May 8, 1897) Bonifacio and his men were to be tried in a Military Court for crimes of sedition, treason and attempt at a counter- revolution.
Col. Pedro Lipana served as the Judge Advocate, Lazaro Makapagal as the Secretary, Jose Elises as the Fiscal, Placido Martinez and Teodoro Gonzales as the Counsels of Andres and his brother Procopio.
General Mariano Noriel, Crisostomo Riel, General Tomas Mascardo, Placido Martinez, Mariano Riego de Dios, Esteban Ynfante, and Sulficio Antony comprised the Council of War who rendered the decision imposing death on the Bonifacios.
General Baldomero Aguinaldo, the Auditor of War, writes to his cousin President Emilio Aguinaldo in order to recommend the punishment imposed by the Council.
President Aguinaldo initially changed the death sentence to exile but pressure from Generals Mariano Noriel and Pio del Pilar forced him to resort to the original decision of death sentence by the Council of War. THE DEATH OF ANDRES BONIFACIO (May 10, 1897)
Andres and Procopio were executed at Mt. Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite.
Procopio was the first to go, followed by his brother Andres. Their remains were never found. KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN EMILIO JACINTO Utak ng Katipunan
He was born on December 15, 1875 in Trozo, Manila.
He was proficient both in Spanish and Tagalog. He attended San Juan de
Letran College, and later transferred to the Universuty of Santo Tomas to study law.
He was a Filipino General during the Philippine Revolution
He did not finish college since he joined the secret society called Katipunan in 1894 and at the age of 19, he became a ranking officer of KKK
He became the advisor on fiscal matters, secretary to Andres Bonifacio and
was later known as Utak ng Katipunan EMILIO JACINTO
He wrote for the Katipunan newspaper (Kalayaan) and also wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan After Bonifacio’s execution, Jacinto pressed on with the Katipunan’s struggle. Like General Mariano Alvarez, he refused to join the forces of General Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Katipunan’s Magdalo faction
Emilio Jacinto lived in Laguna and also joined the militia fighting the Spaniards
He became severely wounded from a battle in Laguna and died on April 16, 1899 due to malaria KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
Kartilya ng Katipunan served as the guide book for new and willing to become members of the KKK
The Kartilya is known as the best among the Katipunan texts which is printed in small pamphlets which was used during the (1st) first and (2nd) second phase of Revolution
It was Andres Bonifacio who first formulated the kartilya then later revised by Emilio Jacinto which bonifacio decided to print instead of his Decalogue KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
Kartilya is divided into two divisions, 12 principles and 14 teachings
Jancinto’s kartilya resembles the declaration used in Manila’s Masonic Lodges in
1889
The Katilya contains rules and can be treated as the Katipunan’s code of conduct which contains 14 rules that instructs a member on how to act as katipunero
The original version has 14 paragraphs which contain the values that a katipunero should have, also every paragraph is unique in such a way that each tackles different aspects of a person’s life. KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
In which case, anyone may have different interpretations. The Kartilya contains and values:
1. The importance of living with a purpose-driven life
2. Doing the right thing
3. Kindness, respect, trust, leadership
4. Equality for every kind of race
5. The honor of being a katipunero
6. The importance of time and
7. The proctection of the weak and fighting for the rights
PICTURE OF KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
The kartilya was longer more literary and philosophical. It presented its concept of virtuous of living as lessons for self reflection, rather than as direct prescriptions.
It asserted that it was the internal, not the external qualifications that make human greatness
In the third statement, Jacinto defined true piety (kabanalan) as charity, love for one another, actions, deeds and speech guided by judicious reasons
Written more than a hundred years ago, at a time when the idea of nationhood was still a dream, the Kartilya reflected a vision, “bright sun of freedom in the islands, spreading its light upon brothers and a race united.” References :
