JOSE RIZAL’S

Exile , Trial
And Death
 Reasons of Rizal’s Arrest
**Publication of Noli Me Tangere**: Rizal’s novel “Noli Me Tangere” exposed the abuses of
Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines and criticized the church. This angered the authorities
and led to his arrest.
2. **Association with Filipino Nationalists**: Rizal was linked to various Filipino nationalist
movements and organizations that advocated for reforms and independence from Spanish rule.
His involvement made him a target.
3. **Accusations of Sedition**: Rizal was accused of sedition and of inciting rebellion through
his writings and activities. His ideas were seen as a threat to Spanish control.
4. **Connection to the Katipunan**: Although Rizal was not directly involved with the
revolutionary Katipunan movement, some members falsely claimed his support, which further
fueled suspicions and contributed to his arrest.
5. **Priestly Protests**: Rizal’s criticisms of the clergy and his advocacy for secularization of
Philippine parishes offended the Catholic Church, which held significant influence in the colony.
6. **Political Agitation**: Rizal’s calls for political reforms and representation for Filipinos in
Spanish government were seen as challenges to the existing colonial system.These factors,
among others, led to Rizal’s arrest, trial, and eventual execution in 1896, which further fueled
the Philippine Revolution for independence from Spanish colonial rule.
 Reasons of Rizal’s Arrest
Jose Rizal, was arrested for several reasons, including his novel “Noli Me Tangere,”
which exposed Spanish colonial abuses and criticized the church, his association
with Filipino nationalists, accusations of sedition, his connection to the Katipunan
movement, his criticism of the Catholic Church, and his calls for political reforms
and representation for Filipinos in Spanish government. Rizal’s actions angered
authorities and led to his arrest.

Rizal’s novel exposed the abuses of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines and
criticized the church, angering authorities. He was also linked to various Filipino
nationalist movements advocating for reforms and independence from Spanish rule.
His ideas were seen as threats to Spanish control, and his calls for political reforms
and representation for Filipinos in Spanish government further fueled the
Philippine Revolution for independence from Spanish colonial rule.)
EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH
1.

Exile

Rizal’s life in Dapitan from

1892 to 1896
 Exile
✣ Wins Lottery in Manila
- On September 21, 1892, Rizal won the second prize in a lottery together with
Ricardo Carnicero and another Spaniard.

- His share amounted to 6,200 pesos.

- A portion of Rizal’s winnings was used in purchasing land approximately one

kilometer away from Dapitan in a place known as Talisay.

- Lottery is the vice of Jose Rizal “This was his Only vice” Said the Spaniard
biographer Wenceslao E. Retana
 Exile
✣ Idyllic Life in Dapitan
- Since august 1893, members of his family took turns in visiting him in
order to assuage his loneliness in the isolated outpost, among them
were his mother, sisters Trinidad, Maria, Narcissa, and nephews
Teodisio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio.

- He built his house on the seashore of Talisay as well as a school and a

hospital within the area.

- Describe his life in Dapitan with his letter to Bluementrit (December

19, 1893)
 Rizal’s Letter to Bluementrit
I am going to tell you how we live here. I have a square house, another
hexagonal, and another octagonal all made of bamboo, wood and nipa.
In the square my mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew and I live. In the
octagonal my boys live-some boys whom I teach arithmetic, Spanish
and
English-and and then a patient who has been operated on. In the
hexagonal are my chickens. From my house I hear the murmur of a
crystalline rivulet that comes from the high rocks. I see the beach, the
sea
where I have two small crafts-two canoes or barotos, as they call them
here. I have many fruit trees-mangoes, lanzones, guyabanos, baluno,
nangka, etc. I have rabbits, dogs, cats, etc. I get up early-at 5:00. I visit
my fields, I feed the chickens, I wake up my folks, and start them
moving.
At 7:30 we take breakfast-tea, pastry, cheese, sweets, etc. Afterwards I
treat my poor patients who come to my land. I dress and go to the town
in
my baroto, I treat the people there and I return at 12:00 and take lunch.
Afterwards, I teach the boys until 4:00 and 1 spend the afternoon
 Exile
✣ Physician in Dapitan ✣ Community Project

- Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan. - He spent many months in draining the

He had many patients but most of marshes in order to get rid of malaria that
them were so poor that he even gave infested in Dapitan.
them free medicine. - He also helped the people in putting up lamp
- Rizal’s fame as a physician posts at every corner of the town with its
particularly as an eye specialist pave lighting system which consist coconut oil lamps
way to patients from different parts - He made a big relief map of Mindanao in the
of the Philippines from Luzon plaza and used it to teach geography.
Bohol, Cebu, Panay Negros, and -He discussed to the town people the position of
Mindanao and even from Hong Kong Dapitan in relation to other places of Mindanao.
 Exile
✣ Artistic Works in Dapitan ✣ Contribution to Science

- He contributed his painting skills to the - During his four-year exile in dapitan,
Sisters of Charity who were preparing the rizal built up a rich collection of
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their private
chapel. conchology which consisted of 346
shells representing 203 species.
SCULPTURAL WORKS OF RIZAL - Rare specimens were discovered and
● The Mothers Revenge named after him. Among these were:
● The Dapitan Girl ● DRACO RIZALI
● Woodcarving of Josephine Bracken ● APOGONIA RIZALI
● bust of St. Paul which he gave to
● RHACOPHORUS RIZALI
Father Pastells,
 Exile
✣ Rizal as an Educator
- He established a school for boys in 1983 which existed until the end of his exile in
July 1896.

- These pupils did not pay any tuition instead of charging them, he made them work
in his garden, fields, and construction projects in the community.
- Rizal taught these boys reading, writing languages (Spanish and English),
geography, mathematics arithmetic and geometry, industrial work nature study.
Morals and gymnastics.

- Outside the class hours, Rizal encouraged them to play games. They had boxing,
wrestling, stone-throwing, swimming, arnis (native fencing), and boating.
 Exile
✣ Water System for Dapitan
Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor), which he
obtained from Ateneo. In Dapitan, he applied his knowledge in
engineering by constructing a system of waterworks in order to
furnish clean water to the townspeople without any aid from the
government, he succeeded in giving good water system for drinking
and irrigation to Dapitan.
 Exile
✣ Linguistic Studies ✣ Rizal as a Farmer

- On April 5, 1896, his last year of exile in - Rizal bought 16 hectares of land in
Dapitan, he wrote to Bluementritt: I know Talisay, where he built his home, school,
already Bisayan and speak it quite well. and hospital and planted cacao, coffee,
sugarcane, coconuts and fruits trees. Later,
the total and holdings reached 70 hectares
- By this time, Rizal could rank with the containing 6,000 hemp plants, 1000
worlds great linguists he knew 22
coconut trees, and numerous fruit trees,
languages, as follows: Tagalog, Ilocano,
sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao.
Bisayan, Subanon, Latin, Greek, English,
French, German, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, - He introduced modern agricultural
Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, methods to Dapitan farmers and imported
Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, and agricultural machinery from the United
Russian. States.
 Exile
✣ Rizal’s Inventions

- He invented a wooden machine for making bricks, this machine

could make about 6,000 bricks daily

- in 1887 while practicing medicine in Calamba, he invented a

cigarette lighter which he sent to Blumentritt and called it
“sulpukan” made of wood and its mechanism is based on the
principle of compressed air
 Exile
✣ Rizal & Josephine Bracken

- Having heard of Rizal’s fame as an ophthalmologist, George Taufer

who was suffering from an eye ailment traveled from Hong Kong to
Dapitan. He was accompanied by his adopted daughter, Josephine
Bracken, who eventually fell in love with Rizal
 Exile
✣ Rizal and Katipunan

- Andres Bonifacio, the “Great Plebeian, was showing the seeds of an armed uprising.
The secret revolutionary society called Katipunan which he founded on July 7, 1892
was gaining more and more adherents.

- Dr. Pio Valenzuela was sent as an emissary by Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the
Katipunan, to seek Rizal’s opinion and approval of an armed rebellion against the
Spanish authorities. Rizal was outrightly opposed to the idea of an armed rebellion.
For him, the Filipinos did not need to wage a bloody revolution to gain independence.
He believed that Filipinos were not yet united and fully educated, and that the
Katipunan lacked the machinery to defeat the Spaniards. At this point, Rizal was
hoping for concessions and reforms from Spain.
 Exile
✣ Volunteer as Military Doctor in Cuba

- Meanwhile, Rizal had been sending letters to then Governor General Ramon Blanco.
Twice he sent letters, one in 1894 and another in 1895. He asked for a review of his
case. He said that if his request would not be granted, he would volunteer to serve as a
surgeon under the Spanish army fighting in the Cuban revolution.

- On July 30, 1896, Rizal’s request to go to Cuba was approved. The next day, he left for
Manila on board the steamer España. Rizal’s joy in receiving the news from
Malacanang that at last, he was free! Once more he can travel to Europe and then to
Cuba. From this, he wrote a heart-warming poem “El Canto del Viajero” (The Song of
the Traveler).
2.

Trial

Journey of Jose Rizal to

Bagumbayan from his last
homecoming to his trial
 Trial
Preliminary Investigation
•On the 20th of November 1896, Rizal appeared before the judge
advocate Col. Francisco Olive. Rizal was subjected to a grueling five
day trial. He answered all questions thrown at him but he was not
allowed to confront his accusers. The court had presented two kinds
of evidences against Rizal, namely documentary and testimonial.
The documentary evidence consisted of fifteen exhibits.
Testimonial Evidence

•Martin Constantino
•Aguedo del Rosario
•Jose Reyes
•Moises Salvador
•Jose Dizon
•Pio Valenzuela
•Ambrosio Savador
•Francisco Quison
•Timoteo Paez
•Deodato Arellano
•Pedro Serrano Laktaw
•Antonio Salazar
•Domingo Franco
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
1. A Letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce, dated Madrid, Oct. 16 1888, showing
Rizal’s connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain.
2. A letter of Rizal’s to his Family, dated Madrid, Aug. 20, 1890, stating that the
deportations are good for they will encourage the people to hate tyranny.
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, Dated Madrid Jan. 7, 1889,
implicating Rizal in the Propaganda campaign in Spain.
4. A poem Entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in manila on Sept. 12, 1891.
5. A letter to Carlos Oliver to an unidentidified person, dated Barcelona, Sept. 18, 1891,
describing Rizal as a man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression. Governor-
General Ramon Blanco
6. A Masonic document, dated Manila Feb. 9, 1892, honoring Rizal for his patriotic
services
7. A letter signed Dimasalang ( Rizal pseudonym) to Tenluz ( Juan Zulueta’s
pseudonym) dated Hong Kong, May 24, 1892, stating that he was preparing a sage
8. A letter to Dimasalang to unidentified committee, dated Hong Kong, June 1, 1892, soliciting
the aid of the committee in the “patriotic work”.
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hong Kong Telegraph, censuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
10. A letter to Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila Sept. 3, 1892, saying that the filipino
people look up to him (Rizal) as their savior
11. A letter to Ildefonso, Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, September,14, 1893,Informing
unidentified correspondent of the arrest and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio
Salvador.
12. A letter to Marcel H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz ( Juan Zulueta ), dated Manila, June 1,
1893, recommending the establishment of a special organization, independent of masonry, to
help the cause of the filipino people.
13. Transcript of a speech of Pingkian ( Emilio Jacinto ), in a reunion of katipunan on July 23,
1893 in which the following cry was uttered “ Long Live the Philippines! Long Live Liberty!
Long live Doctor Rizal! Unity!”
14. Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik ( Jose Turiano Santiago ) in the same katipunan reunion
where in the katipuneros shouted: “Long live the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the oppresor
nation!”.
3.

DEATH
Last few hours in Fort Santiago

-The military court prosecuted Jose Rizal on December 26,

1896, and declared him guilty of insurrection, sedition, and
conspiracy.

-The debate about Rizal’s retraction is still ongoing.

-The “original” document of Rizal’s “retraction” was

discovered in the archdiocesan archives in 1935, 39 years
after it had vanished on the day Rizal was assassinated.
-In his final letter to Paciano Rizal, he implored his
brother to beg forgiveness from their father for all the
suffering he had caused him. “

-”At 7 a.m. A fire squad shot the 35-year-old patriot in

the back on December 30, 1896 in Luneta, Manila.
The Last Word
Dr. Jose Rizal’s last words were “Consummatum est,” which is Latin
for “It is finished.” He uttered this phrase before he was executed by
a firing squad on December 30, 1896, in the Philippines.

José Rizal’s last words, “Consummatum est,” are in Latin and can be
translated to “It is finished” in English. These words are significant
because they convey a sense of completion or finality. Rizal spoke
them just before his execution, and they are often interpreted as a
reflection of his acceptance of his imminent death and his
commitment to the cause of Philippine independence. In essence, it
signified that he had done what he could for his country, and he was
ready to face the consequences of his actions. Rizal is considered a
 Rizal’s Execution and Legacy
The execution and legacy of Jose Rizal, a Filipino nationalist and writer, had a profound
impact on Philippine history. Rizal was executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896,
by Spanish authorities in Manila. His execution marked a turning point in the Philippine
Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.

Rizal’s legacy is multifaceted. He is revered as a national hero in the Philippines and is

known for his writings, including “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo,” which
exposed the injustices of Spanish rule and inspired Filipinos to seek independence. His
ideas and writings laid the groundwork for the revolution against Spanish colonialism,
which eventually led to the declaration of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.

Rizal’s ideas of freedom, education, and non-violent resistance continue to influence

Filipino nationalism and identity. His writings and ideals are still studied in schools, and
his martyrdom remains a symbol of the Filipino people’s struggle for independence and
justice. Rizal’s legacy extends beyond the Philippines, as his writings have also had an
impact on the broader struggle for independence and self-determination in other parts
Rizal’s Execution and Legacy
Execution:

-Jose Rizal was executed by a firing squad on December 30, 1896, in

Bagumbayan (now Luneta Park) in Manila, Philippines.
-His execution was ordered by Spanish authorities who viewed him
as a threat due to his writings and involvement in advocating for
reforms and Philippine independence.
Rizal’s Execution and Legacy
Legacy:

-Rizal is revered as a national hero in the Philippines for his contributions to

the country’s struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule.
-His writings, such as “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo,” exposed the
injustices and abuses of the Spanish regime, inspiring Filipinos to demand
change.
-Rizal’s ideas promoted education, civic consciousness, and peaceful reform as
means to achieve freedom and justice.
-His martyrdom served as a catalyst for the Philippine Revolution, which
ultimately led to the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898.
-Rizal’s legacy endures in the Philippines as a symbol of the nation’s fight for