1.

0 Introduction

Today’s market has changed and it keeps changing as a result of change in technology and
organisational strategies. Organisational strategies are put into place by teams headed by
leaders or superiors hence there is need for a capable leader to always be in place in order
to ensure the right strategies are utilised and put into place. Leaders in organisations are
very important in order to ensure jobs are well done and there is orderliness in carrying out
responsibilities and organisational objectives are also met (Daniels, 2020). This report
examines the vitality of the different approach of leadership in business and how problems
are handled or dealt with. It specifically concerns the different approach that leaders and
managers use to deal with uncertain situations and changes in the organisations and this
write up used COVID 19 as a form of uncertain changes seeing the impact the pandemic
has had is currently having on organisations and the world as a whole. As a result of the
pandemic, countries and organisations have had to adjust and evolve in order to still be able
to conduct business while keeping social distance and staying safe. In this period, any
organisation that have employees who are known to be resistant to change will have to
ensure they make this change acceptable and the employees on their part have to be ready
to accept the change in the form that it comes seeing how unavoidable and helpless the
pandemic situation is. The report explains the overview of change management, the
conceptual approach of change management and leadership, the role of a form of flexible
leadership, critically analyses the importance of issues on leadership and the methods and
lastly the impact of leadership on stakeholders including personal reflection regarding
leaders who manage change during the pandemic. The report will also recommend solutions
with the use of relevant literatures.

2.0 concept of Leadership and Change Management

As earlier stated, the business world keeps changing and evolving same as it scope that
gets wider. There is need for capable hands to be in charge of operational activities and
strategizing of any business if they want to progress and achieve their set objectives.
Leadership is therefore defined as the process of impacting other people’ decisions and
actions in order to ensure work is done and responsibilities are carried out. Leaders and
managers in organisations are important as managers are leaders and leaders can be of any
position in the organisation. A leader in an organisation can be a team lead or departmental
head both help to access business goals in and out of the organisation. In order for a leader
to work effectively and efficiently in and outside of the organisation, it is very important for
them to be vastly aware of their internal and external environment in order to be updated on

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the current market situations and any form of change that may occur in the market in order
to strategize on the next course of action and decision to be taken.

As a result of the modern-day market flexibility, strategy implementation and competitive

benefits has been uneasy and flexible to achieve. For instance, as a result of COVID 19,
functionality has not been flexile for my organisation especially my department where we are
in charge of the activities and stay of partners and guest who come into the country from our
other partnering firms all over the world (Huynh, 2018). Due to the lockdown rules, some of
these partners and guest were not able to come in, office service activities have not been
flexible. My manager has been of great importance and usefulness to the unit (office
services) and firm as a whole. He ensures that work is distributed evenly and made each
team member interchange on one week on and off working from home and the office.
Leadership has to do with creating a clearer vision and ensuring the vision is shared to
others in order for them to provide knowledge and information while realising the vision.

Leadership involves establishing a clear vision, sharing the vision so others will follow
willingly and providing the knowledge, information, and methods to realize the vision.
Further, leadership is ability of an individual or organization to lead or guide other individuals.
In enterprises, it is critically important to focus on change and change management in order
to achieve competitive advantage in market. Also, to examine the need for change many
enterprises conduct market research analysis as well as scanning of business environment.
With help of market research, it is easy for entrepreneurs to obtain relevant information
about changing situations and factors that impact on leadership of leaders and
organisational functions. With considering of change management, it is easy to access the
benefits and use effective strategies that leads to higher productivity and profit. Moreover, it
has been too stated that leaders need to apply appropriate form of style as well as methods
so that goals are accomplished.

Change management is defined as the process that helps to direct and enable people to
successfully accept change with the purpose of achieving organisational goals and
objectives. Change is important in every business organisation so is the management for if it
is not well managed, it can lead to organisational breakdown and loss of value or growth.
The thought of change management helps leaders to reduce the chances of risk and
uncertainties. Most organisation use change management models to check change
necessity.

3.0 Leadership Theory and Types

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Leadership theory can be categorized into three areas: trait-based, situational, and a
behavioural approach. These categories are traditional approaches to understanding
leadership.
 Trait Approach: Trait theories are leadership perspectives that focus on individual
leaders and attempt to determine the personal characteristics that great leaders
share. These are all traits that someone can learn to implement with practice, over
time. The character traits associated with leadership are; enterprising spirit, loyalty,
leadership motivation, integrity, self-confidence and knowledge.
 Behavioural Approach: Behavioural theories of leadership do not focus on inborn
traits or capabilities; rather, the focus is on what leaders actually do. Three general
categories of leadership behaviours are mentioned frequently in the literature:
behaviours related to task performance; behaviours related to group maintenance,
and behaviours related to employee participation in decision-making.
 Situational Leadership: Situational theories distinguish leaders from others through
the situation at-hand. Leaders adjust their decision-making, orientation, and
motivational approaches based upon a unique combination of factors in their
individual situations. These factors include: characteristics of followers; types of
projects; organizational structures; personal preferences; and upper-level
management's influences. Leaders adjust their style of management in order to
accommodate the different situations.
 Participative: It is successful strategy and method of authority in which it centres
around contribution with individuals and others to support investment. With
assistance of participative authority style, it is not difficult to improve the inspiration
level of subordinates inside a firm. In this cutthroat market, it is important to include
each person in dynamic cycle so that issues are settled at proper level
 Authoritative style: It is one more strategy for authority style in which it reflects
about administering of leaders and managers over representatives and taking of the
relative multitude of choices in free manner. This type of initiative is required when
control is required in administration. During the pandemic circumstance, this style
was not utilized by any pioneer. This in light of the fact that taking on this style can
make a significant issue just as issues (Lee, 2020).
 Laisse Faire: In this type of style, it mirrors employees settling for choices and
decisions in successful ways and has capacity to manage various circumstances. It
is somewhat style dependent on which leaders and managers offer opportunity to
subordinates and execute the exercises in legitimate way. By giving opportunity to
workers, leaders and managers become and liberated from their job and possibly

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 support is given by them to subordinates when any issue happens. With zeroing in
on this type of strategy, pioneer can accomplish targets
 Transformational: It is additionally a successful type of style in which pioneer
conveys successfully with subordinates and which prompts upgrading of usefulness
just as higher effectiveness level. Primary advantage of this style is that it is
advantageous to foster a positive connection and lessen issues inside administration
by appropriately speaking with workers in most effective manner (Leroy, 2018).
Principle point of change pioneer is to break down the employees’ mentality and
convey significant data to them inside business the executives

4.0 Roles of flexible leadership and individual perspectives in relation to leaders

managing change of pandemic

The world was struck by a pandemic that has become really challenging since 2019 which
made a gigantic effect on businesses. Coronavirus affected at more extensive level and
everybody become conscious and has had to stay safe and isolate in their own way.
Organisations have had to work from home while some employees were laid off in the
process. Many measures and other were taken to manage this pandemic but it is still very
much active in the world at large. In this way, it was significant for organisations and people
to embrace this change and carry out methodologies in powerful ways to help keep these
organisations moving and conducting business at a competitive level irrespective of the
pandemic. It is fundamentally important for leaders and managers to be flexible so reaction
to the pandemic circumstance is appropriately given by managers and leaders. Besides,
because of this change in market condition as a result of COVID 19, leaders in the
organisation should know regarding what and how pandemic emergency has influenced the
general business field. Being a flexible leader and manager in the organisation is beyond
internal activities, it is gainful which straightforwardly help them just as it helps the
employees their subordinates to inspect the circumstances in appropriate way and take on
change in suitable manner (Ngwenya, 2017).

The sterile emergency as a result of COVID-19 has fundamentally changed the manner in
which we use to work, to convey, and the manner in which we meet individuals and left us
with the test of making significant changes in only days on an uncommon scale. Social
distancing has become the order of the day for employees and other individuals to the world,
nation and general wellbeing where schools and business has had to close where they are
truly influenced many individuals and needed to adapt to even out of changes that are
remarkable. E-learning and teleworking are approaches to simple of others for some, yet
others probably won't be as great as those who have been able to successfully practice work

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from home and social distancing (Nikolaeva, 2019). For certain organisations like
assembling and cordiality, the work proved unable be directed on the web or from home,
except if business is considered as 'fundamental', a few workers in organisations have lost
their jobs and place of employment in light of COVID-19 pandemic.

Leaders and managers are needed to be flexible so it is simple for them to get to
advantages and face issues adequately. Primary benefit of flexible leadership is that they
have ability to manage various circumstances in proper way by utilising this job procedures
are likewise effortlessly carried out inside of the organisation. Additionally, pandemic
circumstances influenced the attitude of people at bigger level as the greater part of
individuals feared taking care of responsibilities because of COVID19. During the happen of
emergency leaders and managers centre around a few components which are
correspondence, dynamic, basic beliefs, authenticity, development, humanism and so on. In
overseeing change in pandemic, both are engaged towards wellbeing and security, and
advancement. It is additionally broken down it is fundamental to use diverse showcasing
procedures to confront the pandemic appropriately in order to effect a positive change
management. The point of view level of both individual and leaders and managers
profoundly affect endeavour as both these individuals are liable for creating higher efficiency
in firm. The job of flexible change management is useful for both people and management
as it prompts getting to arrangement of issue in viable way. Research and findings into
individuals and managers proved useful as it helps with supporting considering others for
instance, with utilization of HR practice, organisational heads can settle on choices and
accomplish benefits in simple ways. Moreover, it has been expressed that it is necessary of
human resource managers to effectively make use of most useful practices that prompts
higher usefulness just as effectiveness. The acts of HR are basically to be utilized so issues
are settled. For effective flexible leadership and individual perspectives in relation to leaders
managing change of pandemic to take place, the following model of HR has to be
incorporated into the organisation;

This model state the form of strategic human resource management which was propounded
by Randall Schuler and it has just five Ps – People, Purpose, Performance, Principles and
Processes. This model reflects on the importance of the five Ps and how they help achieve
organisational foals and objectives (Reiche, 2019). A thorough explanation of these models
are:

 People – people are seen as a very important resource in the management of

business and its progress, people have the ability and resource to achieve and
produce positive results. Without the presence of people to run daily and operational

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 activities in an organisation, work cannot be get done neither will orderliness be
effective including direction of people and activities in business.
 Purpose – this explains vision, mission, objectives and goals of an organisation. It is
very important for every organisation to focus on their purpose for setting you the
business.
 Performance – this is an element that is used to measure the objectives of a
business and also examine progress of both leaders and subordinates with the use
of certain set standards of operation.
 Principles – these are techniques, directions, rules, regulations, responsibilities and
directions that which leaders and managers use to achieve set organisational goals
and objectives. Principles are very important to every organisation and they need to
be adopted with all carefulness as the application can either make or mar a business.
 Processes – this is another vital P model which is used to set out and work on
organisational activities in the right way and direction with the use of appropriate
mode of operation and systems.

Leaders in today’s businesses can make use of this model to achieve organisational
objectives in the easiest way which will prove beneficial to them. Access to information on
this model will help human resource managers to access vital details that can be used to
achieve organisational objectives in the appropriate way. It is also necessary that these
models are used in the right way in order to attain the attached benefits. The use of this
model into businesses will help leaders to active their set objectives and also that of the
organisation.

5.0 Why the issue of change management has strategic importance in

understanding leadership approaches and its impact on its stakeholders

In business, techniques and strategies are critical to be applied with the goal that it is not
difficult to accomplish cutthroat benefits. It is liability of leaders and managers to make
guarantee that justification issue and reception of initiative strategies. In this changing time
span, it is very important to have data with respect to various systems that can be applied in
right manner. Administration approaches are essential to be utilized so better dynamic is
attempted. Vital significance has additionally many issues in organisations. Additionally, it is
dissected that it is vital for leaders to be strategic so vision and mission of an organisation is
accomplished inside time-frame and at the right time. With this continuous pandemic
circumstance, many firms have changed approaches, strategies and techniques in order to
effectively manage change, structure and strategies of capacities just as activities. Principle
justification being key pioneer is that it is simple for leaders and managers to manage issues

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and produce arrangements in suitable way. Leaders and managers are needed to utilize
most suitable system that benefits are accomplished in suitable way. In business, partners
assume part without which it isn't workable for an association to deal with their
administration exercises in right manner. There are a few sorts of partners in endeavours
like clients, workers, CEOs, investors and other stakeholders who have interest in
organisation. This has been too expressed that appropriate information is expected to
confront these issues. For instance, because of COVID19, it is difficult for leaders and
managers to satisfy needs and necessities of each employee and business owner. Vital
leaders and managers have more extensive impact on the business owners as well as their
business in the ever-competitive market. As per the perspective of (Prikshat, 2018) the
essential innovators in a specific company utilizes devices too as strategies that can work on
their adequacy of work and convey positive outcomes to business. Primary focal point of
these businesses is on dynamic interaction, key thinking, with point of getting to goals in
most effective way.

Also, with appropriate inside and outside examination, it is not difficult to dissect what
system is to be utilized by leaders and managers. The human asset office is needed to
utilize HR rehearses on premise of which it is simpler to embrace systems and access the
positive side of circumstance. As per BBC, they have basically assessed that these leaders
and manager have distinctive method of discernment and they have their own specific
manner to manage changes in common sense of life. Moreover, around the world chiefs
utilize an itemized examination which help them in making powerful choices. In summary, it
is investigated that suitable kind of market and climate checking is to be done as such that
better techniques are carried out and circumstances are being experienced in fitting manner.

6.0 Conclusion

Having carefully analysed the report above, it has been inferred that with the current and
ongoing pandemic, it was hard for organisations and their employees especially leaders and
superiors to execute business exercises in appropriate way. In this changing business sector
circumstance, it isn't difficult to settle on choices and unforeseen changes in a legitimate
way. Information on market and vital elements that should have been embraced on premise
of which it is not difficult to accomplish business objectives without confronting any issue.
With this changing time span, change has turned into a main goal of every organisation
without which it isn't difficult to accomplish serious advantages and objectives. Moreover, it
is important for undertakings to zero in on degree of administration and strategies utilized by
leaders and managers in the different department of an organisation so that objectives,
goals and competitive advantage are cultivated inside the given timeframe or allotted time.

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References

Daniels, 2020. Twenty-First-Century Global Human Resource Management: Strategic

Business Partner and Servant Leader. In Paradigm Shift in Management Philosophy (pp. 37-
63). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Huynh, 2018. Transformational leadership in primary care: Clinicians’ patterned approaches

to care predict patient satisfaction and health expectations. Journal of health psychology,
23(5), pp.743-753

Leroy, 2018. Managing people in organizations: Integrating the study of HRM and
leadership. Ngwenya, L. and Aigbavboa, C., 2017. Improvement of productivity and
employee performance through an efficient human resource management practices. In
Advances in human factors, business management, training and education (pp. 727-737).
Springer, Cham.

Nikolaeva, V., 2019. Strategic leadership of the business organization and the role of the
managerleader. Известия на Съюза на учените-Варна. Серия Икономически науки, 8(1),
pp.118-128.

Reiche, 2019. Global leadership research: Where do we go from here? In Advances in

global leadership. Emerald Publishing Limited.