SCIENCE 9
1ST QUARTER :
CHAPTER 1
Materials exchange in
the body
How Respiratory and
Circulatory work together to
supply necessary materials in
our body??
C T I
J E • Explain how the different structures
OB of the circulatory and respiratory
VE S systems work together to transport
oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the
different parts of the body.
• Discuss the prevention, detection, and
treatment of diseases affecting the
circulatory and respiratory systems
• Conduct an information dissemination
activity on effective ways of taking
care of the respiratory and circulatory
systems based on data gathered from
the school or local health workers.
RESPIRAT • Respiratory and
Circulatory systems
ORY AND work together to
CIRCULAT perform the
ORY transportation of
oxygen throughout the
body. Each organ
systems have different
parts and function.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
is the network of organs and
tissues that help you breathe. This
system helps your body absorb
oxygen from the air so your organs
can work. It also cleans
waste gases, such as carbon
dioxide, from your blood.
R E ATH I N G
B
VS.
P I R ATI O N
R ES
T H I N G
B R EA
The process by
which the air is taken
in and out of the
body.
P I R ATI O N
R E S
Is a gas exchange process by
which oxygen is obtained from
the environment and delivered
to the cell, and carbon dioxide
is transported and removed
from the body.
PARTS OF RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
NASAL • Air enters the body through
CAVITIES the openings of nose called
NOSTRIL.
• Inside the nostril is a pair of
passages is called NASAL
CAVITIES separated from
each other by NASAL
SEPTUM.
• CILIA is hair like projections
inside the nasal cavities.
NASAL • Air entering the nasal
CAVITIES cavity is moistened
and warmed by the
blood flowing in the
capillaries of the
mucous membrane.
• CILIA filter the air and
trap dust and other
particles.
pharynx • Also called the
throat.
• Allows the entry of
air into the
respiratory tract,
and other food and
liquid into the
esophagus.
• Commonly known as the
larynx voice box.
• Located between pharynx
and trachea.
• The EPIGLOTTIS is a flap of
elastic tissue that forms a
cover on top of the larynx.
• Epiglottis stops food and
liquid from entering the
lungs.
• Adam’s apple
• Also known as
trachea the windpipe.
• Is the main
passageway of air
to the air to the
lungs.
BRONCHI • Bronchus (singular)
• Trachea is divided into
two main stems or
bronchi, which leads to
the lungs.
• Right bronchus is larger
in diameter than the left.
• Air that reaches the
bronchi is clean, warm
and moist.
• The primary organs of
LUNGS Respiratory system
• Located side by side in
the thoracic cavity,
separated from
abdominal activity by the
DIAPHRAGM.
• Covered by tissue layer
called PLEURA.
• Divided into LOBES: Right
-3; Left-2
BRONCHIOLES • Inside the lungs,
each bronchus
branches into
bronchioles, which in
turn branch
repeatedly into
smaller tubes leading
to alveoli.
• Smallest conducting
tubes inside the
lungs.
• Balloon-like air sac.
alveoli • The thin and moist
wall of each alveolus
provides easy
passage of gases.
• Most of the exchange
of gases between the
circulatory and
respiratory system
takes place in the
alveoli.
nose
Pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
alveoli
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
carries oxygen, nutrients,
and hormones to cells, and
removes waste products, like
carbon dioxide.
PARTS OF CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
BLOOD
HEAR BLOO
VESSE
T D
LS
• Is a muscular organ about the
heart size of your clenched fist.
• The heart drives the blood
through blood vessels.
• It is located between the lungs
and its tip is slightly pointed to
the left of the chest.
• Contracts 72 times per
minute(average); more than
100,000 times a day,
unceasingly in a person’s
lifetime.
ATRIA : responsible
for RECEIVING blood.
VENTRICLES:
responsible for
first chamber of the
is the first chamber to
heart to receive
receive the
deoxygenated and
carbon dioxide-rich oxygenated blood
systemic blood from returning from the
the body lungs
thickest of the heart's
solely pumps chambers and is
responsible for pumping
blood to the oxygenated blood to
lungs tissues all over the body
VALVES regulate and direct
the flow of blood.
• TRICUSPID VALVE: located between the right atrium and the
right ventricle.
•PULMONARY VALVE: located between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery.
•MITRAL VALVE: located between the left atrium and the left
ventricle.
•AORTIC VALVE: located between the left ventricle and the
aorta.
• are the components of the
BLOOD circulatory system that
VESSELS transport blood
throughout the human
body.
• These vessels transport
blood cells, nutrients, and
oxygen to the tissues of
the body.
• They also take waste and
carbon dioxide away from
the tissues.
ARTERIES
• Carry blood AWAY from the
heart.
• They have thick and elastic
wall.
• The largest artery: AORTA
(thickest wall)
• The smallest subdivisions of
the arteries: ARTERIOLES
(thinner walls and less
elastic)
VEINS
• Return the blood to the
heart.
• Their walls are thinner but
wider than those of
arteries.
• Most veins are equipped
with one-way valves.
• The largest vein:
SUPERIOR and INFERIOR
VENA CAVA
• The smallest veins:
CAPILLARIES
• Are the finest and smallest
of the three types of blood
vessels.
• Have much thinner and less
elastic walls.
• The capillaries facilitate the
exchange of materials
between the blood and body
cells.
• Capillaries also connect
arterioles and venules.
• In the human body, blood
BLOOD counts for about 7% to
8% of the total body
weight.
• Blood in the body helps
maintain homeostasis.
• Transports oxygen and
nutrients to the cells and
removes carbon dioxide
and other waste
products.
• Also boosts the immune
system
COMPONENTS OF
BLOOD
Red blood cell
• RBC a.k.a ERYTHROCYTES
• Make up about 40% of the
blood’s volume
• RBCs are tiny, concave, and
disk-shaped cells.
• The ability of RBC to carry
oxygen is due to
HEMOGLOBIN.
• Bright red: high oxygen
content.
• Dark red: low oxygen content.
white blood cell
• WBC a.k.a LEUKOCYTES
• Tend to be colorless
• Are responsible primarily for
defending the body against
infections.
• Granulocytes: Neutrophils,
eosinophils, Basophils.
• Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes,
Monocytes
platelets
• A.k.a THROMBOCYTES are
the smallest of the blood’s
formed elements.
• These tiny structures are not
cells in themselves but
fragments of cells.
• Play an important role in
clotting process by clumping
together to form a plug that
helps seal a blood vessel at a
bleeding site.
platelets
• When the number of platelets
is too low, the condition is
called THROMBOCYTOPENIA
(bruising and abnormal
bleeding occur)
• But when the number of
platelets is too high, the
condition is called
THROMBOCYTHEMIA
(causing stroke or heart
attack)
• Manufactured in RED BONE
plasma
• About 55% of blood is plasma, the liquid part of
plasma.
• Transports food nutrients and oxygen to the cells
of the body.
• It also carries waste from the cells.
• Maintaining the body’s chemical balance, water
content and temperature.
BLOOD
CIRCULATION
SYSTEMI PULMON
C ARY
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
carries oxygenated blood
from the left ventricle, through
the arteries, to the capillaries
in the tissues of the body.
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
carries deoxygenated blood
away from the right ventricle,
to the lungs, and returns
oxygenated blood to the left
atrium and ventricle of the
heart.
CORONARY CIRCULATION
is the circulation of blood
in the blood vessels that
supply the heart muscle
(myocardium)
AORTA PULMONARY VEIN
Arteries/
Arterioles
THROUGHOUT LUNGS
THE BODY
Veins/
venules
SUPERIOR/ PULMONARY
INFERIOR ARTERY
VENA CAVA
