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Triangular, Square, and Pentagonal Numbers

Triangular numbers are represented as an equilateral triangular grid of dots where each subsequent row contains one more dot than the previous row. The formula to calculate the nth triangular number is Tn = n(n+1)/2. Square numbers are numbers that can be arranged into a perfect square pattern of dots and are calculated by multiplying a number by itself. Pentagonal numbers are represented as a pentagonal pattern of dots and every pentagonal number is 1/3 of a triangular number.

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128 views3 pages

Triangular, Square, and Pentagonal Numbers

Triangular numbers are represented as an equilateral triangular grid of dots where each subsequent row contains one more dot than the previous row. The formula to calculate the nth triangular number is Tn = n(n+1)/2. Square numbers are numbers that can be arranged into a perfect square pattern of dots and are calculated by multiplying a number by itself. Pentagonal numbers are represented as a pentagonal pattern of dots and every pentagonal number is 1/3 of a triangular number.

Uploaded by

Vrine Lim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ar Numbers

Triangul Sum of Triangular Numbers


In the pattern of triangular numbers you will see, the next number in the sequence is added with an
extra row. Let us explain in detail.
What is Triangular Number? First number is 1

A triangular number Tn is a figurative number that can In number 2, a row is added with two dots to the first number

be represented in the form of an equilateral triangular In number 3, a row is added with three dots to the second number
Again, in number 4, a row is added with four dots to the third number and so on
grid of elements such that every subsequent row
So the sequence formed here is in the pattern:
contains an element more than the previous one.
1, 1 + 2, 1 + 2 + 3, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4, and so on.

Formula For Triangular Number Sequence


Tn = 1 + 2 + 3 +...+ n.
Tn = n ( n + 1 ) / 2
1 + 2 + 3 +...+ n = n ( n + 1 )/2
NAME: DATE: CLASS: TEACHER:

A R E
What is square numbers pattern?

SQ U The name “square number” comes fro


m the fact that

R S
these particular numbers of objects

B E
can be arranged to

NUM
fill a perfect square.

If we represent each number of abov


e series by a dot
and arrange them in such a way tha
t they make a
square. Such numbers are known as
square numbers.

Sum of Triangular Numbers


ined by
Square numbers can be obta
elf.
multiplying a number by its
First term = 1 × 1 = 1
Second term = 2 × 2 = 4
Third term = 3 × 3 = 9
Fourth term = 4 × 4 = 16
ce is 1, 4, 9, 16,
Another very common sequen
numbers. This
25,..., the sequence of square
th the simple
sequence can be defined wi
formula an = n2
Pentagonal Numbers
Formula Pentagonal Numbers

What is pentagonal number?


- A number that can be shown as a pentagonal pattern of dots.
- Every pentagonal number is 1/3 of a triangular number.

Notes
- There are conjectured to be exactly 210 positive integers that cannot be represented using
three pentagonal numbers, namely 4, 8, 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 31, 33, 38, 42, 43, 50, 54, ...,
20250, 33066.
- There are six positive integers that cannot be expressed using four pentagonal numbers: 9, 21,
31, 43, 55, and 89.
- All positive integers can be expressed using five pentagonal numbers.

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