A FRIEND OR A FOE: PERCEPTION OF TSHS STUDENTS

ON VAPE SMOKING

Submitted to:

Sir. Lester Jerome S. Balani

Submitted by:

Atienza, Kerby G.

Bathan, Bryan Jhonson

Dimaano, Jhon Timothy

Lagurin, Ruperto

Parafina, Mike Vincent

Tenorio, Jho Zell

Alcancia, Princess Dianne

Castillo, Ramona

Maligaya, Jamille Ann

Villanueva, Annika

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 CHAPTER I

The Problems and Its Background

Introduction

Smoking stands as a risk factor for several of the world's leading causes of death. The usage

of it affects the human body and way of thinking. It can cause a lot of damage or illnesses to the

human body such as heart diseases, respiratory diseases, and this action can precede on increasing

the risk of the cancer cells to be enabled within the body of the smoker.

The most commonly used as a smoking device is the tobacco cigarettes. Adult are the usual

users of this. It kills almost half of its users. Globally, the usage of tobacco cigarettes affects the lives

of almost 8 million people per year. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats

the world has ever faced, killing more than 8 million people a year around the world. More than 7

million of those people who died are the result of direct usage of tobacco cigarettes and are also

classified as the first hand smoker or mainstream smoker while the death of around 1.2 million people

are the result of sidestream smoke or second hand smoke.

Vape smoking has been a life-saver for cigarette smokers all over the country. Vapes and

electronic cigarettes are now considered as a safer alternative to smoking and as a smoking

cessation aid. It is a smarter and easier version of smoking. However, the aftermath that it may cause

can be destructive to human. The main reason for the researchers to choose this topic is to show-off

the effects of vape smoking and to raise awareness about it particularly to the students of Taal Senior

High School. In this study, you will be knowledgeable about vape smoking and its effect to human's

body. This will also showcase the different chemicals that vape juice contains. In addition, this study

will also help on encouraging the students of Taal Senior High School on discontinuing the usage of it

through stating reasons why it should be quitted of.Vape smokers should learn how to use it

moderately or with limitations. If you are a vape smoker who has not reached the legal age yet, you

should quit vape smoking and any other version of smoking immediately.

Electronic cigarette use, or vaping, in the Philippines and worldwide is increasing. Their use is

highly controversial nowadays. Vape smoking has brought many people to danger that's why some

rulers decided to banned the usage of it in their country.

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 India becomes the latest country to ban sale of e-cigarettes. India became the latest country

after Brazil and Thailand to ban the sale of e-cigarettes in what could potentially be the biggest move

against vaping globally over growing health concerns. In the Philippines, vape smoking is also an act

of prohibition. Vape smoking can only be done on private places. In Batangas, the public usage of it is

also prohibited. People might scold you or command you to stop what you are doing. In Taal, there

are some naughty teenagers that use electronic cigarettes and even have the gut to bring it to their

schools and smoke there. Calling their parent is consequence of that action or either giving them

something to be stressed off for a week as their punishment.

According to livescience, during.the year of 1963, Herbert A. Gilbert invented a “smokeless

nontobacco cigarette,” but it was never commercialized. “Vaping,” or smoking electronic cigarettes,

first became widely popular in China, where 60 percent of men are smokers. Modern e-cigarettes

were patented in 2003 by Chinese inventor Hon Lik.E-cigarettes feature a replaceable inhaler

cartridge containing vegetable glycerin and polyethylene glycol, flavoring and nicotine. With every

inhalation, a sensor triggers a vaporizer to heat a small amount of liquid flavoring. The liquid turns to

vapor and is drawn into the user’s mouth. Vaping is not the same as smoking a water-pipe, or

hookah. In a hookah, a burned mixture of tobacco and molasses is drawn through water to cool the

smoke. Burning creates cancer-causing chemicals that are inhaled by the smoker. The studies from

the U.S. have shown that smokers initiate e-cigarette use after learning about them from advertising

(including on the Internet) and through family and friends. Others reported motivation for initiation to

include curiosity, trying to quit or reduce smoking, the ability to vape in places where smoking is

banned, alleviation of nicotine cravings, and health benefits and cost savings relative to cigarettes.

The rising popularity of vaping has been dramatic, especially among teenagers. According to a

recent study, about 37% of high school seniors reported vaping in 2018, up from 28% the year before.

An estimated 2.1 million middle schools and high school students reported using e-cigarettes in 2017;

that number jumped to 3.6 million in 2018.

Certainly, age restrictions, it’s illegal to sell e-cigarettes to anyone under 21 (18 or 19 in some

states) aren’t preventing use among teens and young adults. And nearly seven million adults 18 or

older use e-cigarettes, according to a 2017 survey by the CDC or the Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention.

The main objective of this research is to raise awareness regarding the controversial issue

about vaping particularly to the students of Taal Senior High School. Vape smoking might cause a lot

of damage to the students and minors that’s why some of the researchers concluded that it should be
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quitted. While other people considered it as a foe, some stated that this product is helpful especially

by the means of relaxing themselves and helped them to slowly fade away from cigarette smoking.

Quitting vape smoking can be easier when you prepare in advance and have a plan. Some people

who vape also use cigarettes or other tobacco products. If you smoke cigarettes or use other tobacco

products besides vapes, now is a good time to quit those too. A meeting or gathering program to the

students of TSHS can be an initiative wherein the speakers will voice out the effects of the usage of

vape cigarettes. It can also be quitted by stopping the usage of it, you can either sell your vaping

equipment to earn money and stop yourself from the use of it. Set your goals and imagine yourself

vape-free and smoke-free. Putting distance from people who smokes will also help.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to ascertain the perception of Taal Senior High School learners on vape

smoking the result of the study would be a basis to lessen the list of the students that continously

using vape cigarettes

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the reasons behind the usage of vapes?

2. How does vape smoking affect the academic performance of the students in TSHS?

3. What program can be proposed to know if vape smoking is a friend or a foe to the students of

TSHS?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This part of the research contains the different beneficiaries of this study which is all about the

perception of TSHS students on vape smoking.

To TSHS. In this study, the school must be aware on what is happening inside the campus so

our findings may help and challenge them to create a policy that should banned the act of vape

smoking inside the campus and encourage them to create an organization that focuses on giving

those students proper knowledge about the effects of using vape and to give more attention to their

study instead of doing such act.

To Teachers- Considering that teachers is our second parents in school and the one who

shaped us and guide us in every step of our journey inside the campus to become a better student,

this study challenge their awareness and capabilities on how to dicispline and guide their students
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and how to handle any situations that is about the usage of vape or electronic cigarettes inside the

campus.

To Students- The students will become aware on the possible outcomes of the usage of vape.

Besides, it will also help the students to gain more knowledge about the effects of vape smoking onto

their studies and to their lives. So they will change their bad lifestyle and have a self discipline to

avoid addiction.

To Parents- This study helps the parents to become more hands-on interms of giving attention

and support to their children. Because sometimes the students who has lack of support or attention

from their family are more prone to this kind of activity. So the parents should be a good role model to

their child and always monitor the activities that your child does.

To Future Researchers- The researchers will benefit in this study because we will be able

know our limitations, discover our capacity as a student and as a human. Having a self discipline is

very important because you are free to choose whatever choice you want, but you are not free from

the consequences of the decision that you have made. In addition, researchers will also be to

discover also ourselves, how we handle every decision that we should make and every action that we

made in any situation.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the perception of Taal Senior High School students about vape smoking.

The data collection will be conducted to the students of Taal Senior High School who experience to

use e-cigarette. (This study will not cover other problems that are not considered as one of the factor

that might affect the student’s perception about vape if it is a friend or a foe. The remaining students

who do not have any background about vape smoking are not within the scope of this research).

The study would be done through the utilization of interview to the students as the survey and

reference. Through the strategy and the use of convenience sampling technique, the researchers will

be able to know the perception of the Taal Senior High School Students about vape smoking and

determine whether it is a friend or a foe.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Taal Senior High School  Reasons behind the The researchers will

students both grade 11 and usage of vaping devices conduct a seminar that

grade 12 who use vapes Effects of vape smoking to guides the student of

cigarettes the academic performance TSHS who experience use

of the students of TSHS vape for them to know if

vape smoking is their

friend or enemy.

CONCEPTUAL PARAGDIG

Figure 1 shows that the researchers focused their study to the students of Taal Senior High

School, who have an experience of using vaping devices. The researchers aims to find out the

reasons behind the usage of vaping devices, in what way does it affect the students academic

performance and what program can be proposed to know if vape smoking can be considered as a

friend or an enemy to the students of Taal Senior High School. Researchers will conduct a seminar

that guides the student of Taal Senior High School who have an experience upon using vaping

devices for them to know if vape smoking can be specified as a friend or foe.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

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 Addiction. This refers to a psychological and physical inability to stop consuming a chemical,

drug, activity, or substance, even though it is causing psychological and physical harm.

(medicalnewstoday.com). In this study main effect of nicotine to the smoker. The uncontrollable usage

of smoking devices such as vapes.

Cigarette - This defined to a cylindrical roll of shredded or ground tobacco that is wrapped in a

paper or another substance that does not contain tobacco. (verywellmind.com). In this paper a roll

of cut tobacco enclosed in a paper and meant to be smoked. Often actions that can precede

respiratory diseases and other sickness.

COPD - This refers to a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the

lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. It's

caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette

smoke. People with COPD are at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a

variety of other conditions. (mayoclinic.org). In this study through the act of vaping for a long span of

time, the user might get a higher risk of having chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

Electronic Cigarette - This defined to a battery-operated device that emits doses of vaporized

nicotine, or non nicotine solutions, for the user to inhale. (Merriam-webster). According to this

research an alternative to tobacco cigarettes and was often use by some as a smoking cessation

device.

JUUL - This refers to is unlike any vape or e-cigarette that provides a smoking alternative for

adults in the Philippines. (Merriam-webster). In this paper a new e-cigarette shaped like a USB flash

drive is being used by students in school.

Nicotine - This refers to a colorless, oily chemical produced in tobacco and certain other plants. In

this study is a highly addictive and can harm brain development, which continues until about the age

of 25.

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 Smoke- This defined to a cloudy gray or black mixture of air and very small pieces of carbon

produced by something that is burning. (dictionary.cambridge.org). In this study the visible vapor or

gases given off by smoking devices such as electronic cigarettes or vaping devices.

Tobacco - This refers to any of several plants belonging to the genus Nicotiana, of the nightshade

family, especially one of those species, as N. tabacum, whose leaves are prepared for smoking or

chewing or as snuff. (definition.com). In this paper the main component of a cigarette that contains

highly addictive and dangerous chemicals such as nicotine.

Vaping - This refers to the act of inhaling and exhaling the aerosol, often referred to as vapor,

which is produced by an e-cigarette or similar device. The term is used because e-cigarettes do not

produce tobacco smoke, but rather an aerosol, often mistaken for water vapor, that actually consists

of fine particles. (centeronaddiction.org). In this study the act of smoking through the usage of vaping

devices.

Vape Juice- This defined `to a mixture of water, food grade flavoring, a choice of nicotine levels

or zero nicotine, and propylene glycol or vegetable glycerin. In this study vape juice is one of the

factors that cause the harm of vape smoking has.

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 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter includes the ideas, theories, generalization or conclusions, methodology and

others. Those that were included I this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and

similar to the present study.

Related Literature

Risk in using e-cigarettes

According to Barrington (2013), the electronic cigarettes and vaping is a new challenge in

clinical medicine and public health. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the United States and

worldwide is increasing. These devices closely mimic smoking of conventional cigarettes and can be

used by consumers as a substitute for their smoking and nicotine addiction. Reasons for their

popularity are that vendors of e-cigarettes have previously marketed their product as safer alternative

to conventional cigarettes and as a possible smoking cessation tool. Rather than inhaling harmful

smoke from burning tobacco, users of electronic cigarettes inhale a potentially less harmful vaporized

mist primarily consisting of propylene glycol, nicotine, and water in a process referred to as vaping.

Furthermore, the e-cigarette web pages are full of anecdotal claims from ex-smokers on how e-

cigarettes helped them to give up traditional cigarettes in favor of these electronic devices.

Government agencies and the medical community are skeptical, indicating that there is not enough

empirically-derived evidence to substantiate such claims. While vaping e-cigarettes appear to do very

little to abate nicotine addiction, and almost certainly carry unknown potential dangers, its supporters

believe it is a safer alternative to smoking cigarettes. However, before e-cigarettes and vaping can be

considered as a viable “harm reduction” clinical approach to smoking cessation, the medical

community must first face the challenges e-cigarettes and vaping present to public health.

Given these circumstances, how should medical care providers advise their patients? To

effectively face these challenges, health care professionals need to become more familiar with the

existing evidence-based.

Raven (2016) stated that teens who are under the influence of vape might link to more health

risks. A popular type of vaping device, called pod mods, look like USB drives and can even be

charged via a laptop or USB port. Yale researchers in addiction medicine are concerned that teens

may not know that they could be vaping with nicotine, a highly addictive drug. Several months ago,

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the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advised people to avoid e-cigarettes while

federal and state officials investigate an ongoing nationwide outbreak of severe lung injuries

associated with the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products.

Even though the agency announced that vitamin E acetate (an ingredient added to some THC

products) appears associated with this vaping-related illness, officials stressed that their findings

remain inconclusive, and more than one chemical could be contributing to lung damage. With no

single cause yet identified, the agency continues to double down on its cautionary advice.

“E-cigarette use is never safe for youth, young adults, or pregnant women,” said CDC’s Dana

Meaney-Delman, MD, who is leading the agency’s response to the outbreak, which emerged this past

summer. The CDC further warns against using any vaping products that contain THC; buying devices

from “informal sources, including friends and family” and modifying or adding substances to e-

cigarettes. For adults using the devices to quit smoking, the advice is to “weigh all risks and benefits

and consider using FDA-approved nicotine replacement therapies.”

Since that time, federal and state officials have reported thousands of cases and dozens of

deaths related to a newly identified lung disease that the CDC has named EVALI (the acronym stands

for e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury). Patients affected by the disease have

symptoms ranging from cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath to fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea,

weight loss, and fever.

As part of their investigations, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and stated health officials

have analyzed samples of vaping products that patients treated for EVALI have provided in order to

find a possible culprit of the disease. Most of the products have contained THC (the high-inducing

compound in marijuana), according to the FDA. Federal and state lab tests have also found vitamin E

acetate and other oil compounds in vaping products. Even if or when a potential cause is identified,

Mitch Zeller, director of FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, cautioned that it will be only “one piece of

the puzzle…and it makes all of our ongoing work that much more critical.”

What’s more, the San Francisco-based company that sells Juuls offers vape liquid made from

nicotine salts found in loose-leaf tobacco instead of the traditional free-base nicotine found in most e-

cigarette liquid. This may allow the user to experience a higher—and more addictive—concentration

of nicotine, according to an article in The New England Journal of Medicine.

Responding to a public outrage of the popularity of Juul’s flavored vaping pods among youth, the

company in November announced it would stop selling its mint-flavored pods, which made up about

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70 percent of its sales, according to news reports. Before this, Juul had already halted sales of its

other flavored pods, including crème brulee, mango, and cucumber, to retailers and online.

Juul also faces a lawsuit filed by a former senior executive employee who alleges that the company

did not recall or warn consumers about 1 million potentially contaminated pods it released for sale.

Ison MacMunn. “The inhalation of harmful chemicals found in e-cigarettes can cause

irreversible lung damage and lung disease.” Against that, New York State released images of

products implicated in its investigation that come from vaping shops or gas stations, not from kitchen

tea kettles. There is the possibility that those products have been refilled with home brews, however.

One explanation for the onset of the vaping illness outbreak this year is the Trump administration’s

April imposition of 25% tariffs on goods from China, suggested vape device importer KushCo’s

Kovacevich, echoing a complaint made by his industry about the ongoing trade war for more than a

year. That’s because China is where most vaporizers, cartridges, and other e-cigarette parts are

made.

The economics are simple, he said, when a premium e-cigarette cartridge suddenly costs

$2.50, but a cheap one that might expose users to shoddier material in the body of devices and

uneven combustion temperatures only cost $1.25. “People will go with what is cheaper if the price

difference is suddenly a lot bigger.”

Hale (2014) states that Talk to Youth about the Risks on vape smoking. Since 2014, e-
cigarettes have been the most commonly used tobacco product among US middle and high school
students. Between 2017 and 2018 alone, the number of youth who used e-cigarettes went up by 1.5
milllion. In fact, the US Surgeon General external icon has called e-cigarette use by youth an
“epidemic,” and warned that it threatens decades of progress toward making sure fewer young people
use tobacco.

Research also shows that e-cigarette advertising uses many of the same themes that have led
to cigarette smoking among young people. In 2016, nearly 7 out of 10 US middle and high school
students saw ads for e-cigarettes in stores, on the Internet, on TV, or in magazines or newspapers.

Advertising can also make e-cigarette use look harmless for young people. Lauren, the high
school teacher, says that most of her students know that regular cigarettes cause disease and even
death. However, she says most of them don’t know that nicotine in e-cigarettes can harm brain
development, or that e-cigarettes can be dangerous to youth for other reasons, too.

Most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, the highly addictive drug in tobacco. Nicotine is especially
harmful to young people. The human brain keeps developing until around the age of 25. Using
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products with nicotine under age 25 can harm the part of the brain responsible for memory, attention,
and learning. Many young people who use e-cigarettes also smoke regular cigarettes. There is
evidence that young people who use e-cigarettes may be more likely to smoke regular cigarettes in
the future. Also, even though the liquid that e-cigarettes heat to form an aerosol (vapor) has fewer
harmful ingredients than cigarette smoke, it still contains harmful ingredients—including heavy metals
and even cancer-causing chemicals—that can be breathed deep into the lungs. The part of the e-
cigarette that heats up may also explode or cause serious burns.
That’s why it’s up to you to educate yourself about e-cigarettes. Know what to say when the
topic comes up. The earlier and more often you speak with young people about e-cigarettes, the more
likely they are to listen. It’s important that schools, community centers, and other places where young
people gather during or after school hours have tobacco-free campus policies. If there is already a
tobacco-free policy in place, make sure students know about it and that it is enforced. School or
community events should also set a good example by not accepting sponsorship from tobacco or e-
cigarette companies. Young people are also more likely to pay attention if the adults in their lives who
they trust and respect are willing to talk. Teachers and administrators can use health classes and
assemblies this upcoming school year to invite students to ask questions about e-cigarettes. There
are many e-cigarette prevention programs teachers can use in their classrooms to let students know
about the risks of e-cigarette use.

It’s also important to give students who do use e-cigarettes and want to stop the support and
resources they need to quit. Many resources are available, including a mobile app to help youth quit
using e-cigarettes. Finally, if you use any tobacco products, commit to quit. Kids are more likely to use
tobacco products if others around them do. So lead by example – be tobacco-free. As students return
to classes this school year, you can help make sure they are more informed and confident than ever
about making healthy choices.

Vape Smoking vs. Cigarette Smoking

According to Delman (2016). Every discussion of the health risks of vaping should begin with a

comparison to cigarette smoking. This is important for two reasons. First, vapes are designed to be

reduced-harm alternatives to smoking cigarettes. Second, it’s important to weigh vaping versus

smoking because the vast majority of vaping are smokers or ex-smokers. When it comes to science

though, not enough studies employ a direct comparison between vaping and smoking. That’s a

missed opportunity. It’s understood that smoking is bad for you with many health risks, but is vaping

bad for you? How can does vaping affect your health? Separate from understanding the absolute

safety of vaping, it’s imperative to know if vaping is much safer than smoking.

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 Public Health England has been unequivocal in its findings: vaping is at least 95 percent safer

than smoking. They understand that studying the dangers of vaping alone is only half of the subject,

since vaping exists primarily as an alternative to smoking. Since there aren’t many studies that

employ a direct comparison, the available information on vaping must be measured against the

available information on cigarette smoking, rather than in isolation.

Smoking cigarettes causes well-known harm to the lungs. Long-term inhalation of burning

tobacco can lead to lung and esophageal cancer, and to a variety of deadly lung conditions like

emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But what about

vaping? Cigarette smoke attacks the lungs in several ways. It contains thousands of chemicals, more

than 70 of which are known carcinogens.

It also contains particulate matter — fine bits of burned tobacco and paper — that is deposited

deep in the lungs, where they can be buried in the tissue. Vaping doesn’t produce known carcinogens

in quantities large enough to be considered real risks, and it doesn’t contain solid particles like smoke.

In fact, the things that are most dangerous in burning tobacco are largely absent from vaping.

Since there is no combustion in vaping, there is no tar or carbon monoxide — two other major

dangers of smoking. Vaping uses heat from a coil to turn e-liquid into an inhalable aerosol. It looks

like smoke, but isn’t. That said, vaping is not without some potential risks to lung health.

There is some concern over the ingredients in e-liquid: propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and

flavorings. There is no serious human research on the effects of inhaling PG or VG daily for an

extended period of time, although extensive animal studies of PG inhalation haven’t raised any red

flags. PG has been found to cause minor irritation of the airways, but this isn’t concerning in itself.

E-liquid flavorings are a possible source of danger that hasn’t been well-studied. Most

flavorings are a mixture of many chemical compounds, and it’s likely that some are worse for lung

health than others. Until recently, these flavorings were used strictly in products that were eaten, not

inhaled. So toxicology studies have focused on showing that the flavorings are safe for consumption.

This is an area where the science on vaping needs to catch up. A recurring headline has been about

diketones like diacetyl being found in some e-liquid. This group of flavoring chemicals is believed to

be responsible for a deadly disease called popcorn lung when it is inhaled in large quantities (like in
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the case of workers in popcorn manufacturing facilities). Diketones are not present in all e-liquid, but a

2014 study by Dr. Konstantinos Farsalinos concluded that diacetyl and acetyl propionyl are “avoidable

risks.” Following that, many manufacturers reformulated their products and eliminated them. Others

began publishing testing showing the levels of the diketones in their products. Diketones are present

in cigarettes too, at 100-750 times the level of any e-liquid. Yet, even though smoking ravages the

lungs in other ways, it isn’t associated with popcorn lung. Considering the much larger quantities of

diketones in cigarette smoke, the comparatively small amounts in vapes are not likely to be a threat.

That’s not to say diketones are safe for inhalation, but the safer choice between vaping and smoking

is clear, considering the amounts present.

Smoking causes and contributes to a variety of oral health problems. Of course, it’s well-known

that smokers are at high risk for mouth, throat and esophageal cancers. But cigarettes can also cause

dental and periodontal disease, including gingival (gum) disorders. And cigarette smoke can alter the

bacteria in the mouth (microbiome), making existing periodontal problems worse.

There isn’t much information available about medical side effects of vaping on oral health. A recent

literature review in the Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine summarized the state of the science,

noting the “paucity of evidence.” However, the authors summarized a few interesting findings.

The authors describe a small study that suggests vapers may have increased prevalence of nicotine

stomatitis (which is, oddly, not caused by nicotine), a condition caused by heat that creates lesions in

the mouth. This is a minor condition that typically resolves itself when the source of heat (typically a

pipe) is eliminated. A small pilot study examined the oral microbiome of 10 vapers, 10 smokers, and

10 non-vapers/smokers. The authors found that the bacterial profile of vapers was similar to the non-

vaping/smoking control group, but that the smoking group’s oral bacteria profile was very different.

The researchers concluded that vapor doesn’t alter the microbiome. Again, the study was very small,

so broad conclusions can’t be made. The review covers some other small studies, but questions their

relevance based on their small size and lack of proper controls.

Finally, there is the issue of exploding vapes causing damage to the mouths of vapers. While

it’s true that a very small number of vapers have had catastrophic accidents that caused severe facial

and oral lacerations and broken teeth, this is more a matter of vape battery safety than anything else.

Using modern regulated devices and quality batteries, there is virtually no chance that an atomizer will

be launched from a mod into the user’s teeth.

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 Cancers form when toxins damage or mutate a cell’s DNA and cause it to grow out of control.

A tumor can remain local, or the cancer can spread, and even move from one organ to another. Most

people are familiar with cigarette smoking as a cause of lung cancer. Lung cancer kills more

Americans than any other kind of cancer, and most (but not all) lung cancer victims are smokers.

Smoking can cause many other kinds of cancer too, because cancers can form not just in areas that

have contact with the smoke, but also from smoke byproducts in the bloodstream and organs.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking can cause cancer

almost anywhere in the body.

What is formaldehyde? The EPA states that “formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas at

room temperature and has a strong odor. Exposure to formaldehyde may cause adverse health

effects.” Portland State University researchers reported in 2015 that vapor products produced high

levels of formaldehyde — even more than cigarettes. What they didn’t explain was that their

experiments used unrealistically high voltages and smoking machines to produce vapor that would

have been unbearable for anyone to inhale.

In fact, you can do a similar experiment by putting bread in a toaster and leaving it until the

toaster emits smoke and the bread turns black with carbon. Is the result carcinogenic? Yes it is, but

since no one could possibly eat it, the danger is moot. Is black toast what you think of when you think

of toast? Likewise, the toxic aldehydes produced by a burning wick and atomizer are no real danger

because they’re impossible to repeatedly inhale.

In a study Farsalinos (2017) cardiologist Konstantinos replicated the Portland State

experiment and showed that the vapor produced by deliberately overheating was unpalatable to

human users. “The high levels of formaldehyde emissions that were reported in a previous study were

caused by unrealistic use conditions that create the unpleasant taste of dry puffs to e-cigarette users

and are thus avoided,” wrote the author.

Farsalinos and Gene Gillman (2018) produced a systematic review that analyzed the evidence

from 32 studies on the carbonyl compounds like formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein that have

been found in vapor. The authors found that nearly all of the high levels of carbonyls like

formaldehyde produced during the studies were created by poor methodology leading to “dry puff
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conditions.” They proposed standards for future research that defined proper parameters for vaping

experiments, including a standardized puffing regime, using current-generation atomizers and realistic

power settings, and proper PG/VG ratios for the equipment tested.

The authors also explained that we inhale 1 mg of formaldehyde every day, just in our own homes.

The average vaper, using 5 mg of e-liquid a day in a modern atomizer, only increases their

formaldehyde intake by 0.083 mg. That’s less than a 9 percent increase above the normal exposure

level, which is probably not significant.

Cigarettes wreak havoc on the body, damaging the smoker practically from head to toe. The

harms have been proven beyond doubt. But there is no evidence pointing to similar health effects

from vaping — or any health problems, for that matter — unless you count possible nicotine

dependence. But nicotine isn’t directly responsible for any of the terrible results of smoking. Vaping

remains a far better choice when compared to smoking.

Related Studies

Effects of Vape Smoking to Humans Health

According to Thicket (2013) assessed that vaping can damage vital immune system cells and

may be more harmful than previously thought, a study suggests. Researchers found e-cigarette

vapour disabled important immune cells in the lung and boosted inflammation. The researchers

"caution against the widely held opinion that e-cigarettes are safe".However, Public Health England

advises they are much less harmful than smoking and people should not hesitate to use them as an

aid to giving up cigarettes. The small experimental study, led by Prof David Thickett, at the University

of Birmingham, is published online in the journal Thorax.

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 Previous studies have focused on the chemical composition of e-cigarette liquid before7 it is

vaped. In this study, the researchers devised a mechanical procedure to mimic vaping in the

laboratory, using lung tissue samples provided by eight non-smokers.

The researchers found vapour caused inflammation and impaired the activity of alveolar

macrophages, cells that remove potentially damaging dust particles, bacteria and allergens. The

researchers stated that some of the effects were similar to those seen in regular smokers and people

with chronic lung disease. They caution the results are only in laboratory conditions and advise further

research is needed to better understand the long-term health impact - the changes recorded took

place only over 48 hours. An independent review of the latest evidence on e-cigarettes was published

by Public Health England in February. The review concluded there was "overwhelming evidence" they

were far safer than smoking and "of negligible risk to bystanders" and advised they should be

available on prescription because of how successful they had been in helping people give up

smoking.

Prof Thickett said while e-cigarettes were safer than traditional cigarettes, they may still be

harmful in the long-term as research was in its infancy."In terms of cancer causing molecules in

cigarette smoke, as opposed to cigarette vapor, there are certainly reduced numbers of carcinogens,"

he said. "They are safer in terms of cancer risk - but if you vape for 20 or 30 years and this can cause

COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease], then that's something we need to know about.

Martin Dockrell, tobacco control lead at Public Health England, said: "E-cigarettes are not

100% risk-free but they are clearly much less harmful than smoking."Any smoker considering e-

cigarettes should switch completely without delay"

Therrien (2015) stated that e-cigarettes is much better for quitting smoking'. E-cigarettes are

almost twice as effective as nicotine replacements for helping smokers quit, a study suggests. A trial

found 18% of smokers who used them to quit remained smoke-free after a year, compared with 9.9%

of those using nicotine-replacement treatments.

The study of 886 smokers is the first to test how effective modern e-cigarettes are for quitting.

Researchers hope their findings will lead to vaping devices being routinely offered by stop-smoking

services. Public Health England has already called for e-cigarettes to be made available on the NHS

within five years, pointing to a body of research that suggests they are at least 95% less harmful than

cigarettes.

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 However, up until now there had been a shortage of evidence on how effective they were as

stop-smoking tools. Lead researcher Prof Peter Hajek, from Queen Mary University of London, said:

"Although a large number of smokers report that they have quit smoking successfully with the help of

E-cigarettes, health professionals have been reluctant to recommend their use because of the lack of

clear evidence from randomized controlled trials.

Participants in the trial, who were dependent on smoking and had previously failed to give

up, attended NHS stop-smoking services and were randomly assigned into two groups:

Those who received a nicotine-replacement treatment of their choice, which included gum, patches,

lozenges, sprays and inhalators, or a combination of treatments, for up to three months

Those who got an e-cigarette starter pack with one or two bottles of e-liquid (two to four weeks'

supply).

Those given e-cigarettes were encouraged to buy future supplies of their own choice of

strengths and flavors, and all participants received weekly one-on-one behavioral support for at least

four weeks. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that in addition to

having higher rates of quitting, more e-cigarette users reduced their smoking by at least 50%.

E-cigarettes also provided higher satisfaction and were rated as more helpful than nicotine-

replacement treatment. A higher proportion of those who used the devices experienced mouth and

throat irritation (65% v 51%), although people using the nicotine-replacement treatments were more

likely to report nausea (38% v 31%). These effects were mostly mild. Prof Hajek said he hoped the

results of the study would lead to stop-smoking services offering quitters an e-cigarette starter pack

and guidance on how to vape, after which they could pay for their own supplies.

"This may ultimately further accelerate the reduction in smoking and in smoking-related

diseases," said Dunja Przulj, another author of the study, also from Queen Mary University of London.

The study has some limitations. Because people had known which treatment they had received - as

opposed to being "blinded" as they are in most randomized controlled trials - it was possible

participants may have perceived nicotine replacements as an inferior option and put less effort into

quitting, the authors said. They also said more work was needed to determine if their results would

apply to countries outside of the UK and for less dependent smokers. The study comes after an

independent review of evidence on e-cigarettes, by Public Health England, published in February last

year, concluded there was "overwhelming evidence" they were far safer than smoking and "of

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negligible risk to bystanders". However, some experts have said e-cigarettes, while safer than normal

cigarettes, are not harm-free, and their long-term effects are not yet known.

Responding to this latest research, Public Health England said: "All stop-smoking services should

welcome smokers who want to quit with the help of an e-cigarette."

Novrey (2012) assessed this study that vaping Causes DNA Damage in Human Cells and

Mice .New findings suggest that nicotine inhaled from e-cigarettes could contribute to cancer and

heart disease, but critics warn that the data are too preliminary to draw such conclusions. Nicotine

inhaled from e-cigarettes can damage DNA in mouse heart, lung, and bladder and in cultured human

lung and bladder cells, a new study shows.

The results, published Monday (January 29) in PNAS, suggest that vaping increases the risk of

developing cancer and heart disease and reinforce the research showing e-cigarettes’ risks to human

health.

The DNA changes were similar to those linked to secondhand smoke, study coauthor Moon-

shong Tang of New York University tells the guardian. Specifically, the team found that two mutagenic

compounds develop in lung, bladder, and heart cells exposed to e-cigarette smoke. DNA-repair

activity and the repair proteins XPC and OGG1/2 were reduced in the lung tissue of mice.

“Swapping cigarettes for vaping” . Critics caution that the mice in the study were exposed to higher

levels of e-cigarette smoke than those who vape might inhale (although Bloomber reports that, over

12 weeks, mice were exposed to a dose similar to what a human would intake after smoking e-

cigarettes lightly for 10 years). Still, “this study shows nothing at all about the dangers of vaping,”

Peter Hajek, director of the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine's Tobacco Dependence

Research Unit at Queen Mary University of London, notes in The Guardian. “It doesn’t show that

vaping causes cancer.” In the paper, Tang and his colleagues concede that “it takes decades for

carcinogen exposure to induce cancer in humans, [so] for decades to come there will be no

meaningful epidemiological study to address the carcinogenicity of [e-cigarette smoke].” Still, the

levels of carcinogenic compounds are higher in the blood of vapers than nonsmokers, pointing to the

increased risk of developing cancer.

Theories and Studies about Vape Smoking

Vergano (2014) implied in his study that experts have a few different theories for what’s behind

the outbreak of vaping illnesses. A hidden epidemic, Vitamin E, tariffs on Chinese vaping pens? “It’s

not like we can say Product X is causing this,” said one expert. What’s causing the explosion in

dangerous and deadly lung illnesses among vapers nationwide?

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 While health officials hunt for answers, one leading theory points to a bad ingredient in vaping

liquids, perhaps Vitamin E, sold on the street. But some physicians suspect the epidemic has always

been there, unnoticed until now. And for others, the culprit might be the online world of dubious home-

brew recipes for getting a better high while vaping.

“Vaping” is shorthand for inhaling vaporized liquid, usually a mixture of nicotine and oil heated

by a battery-powered atomizer in an e-cigarette or larger vaporizer. E-cigarettes have been sold in the

US since 2007, with more than 9 million people using them on a regular basis, according to the CDC.

More than 3.6 million teens vape, according to the FDA, turning the purpose of a device originally

intended to wean smokers off tobacco on its head by making kids dependent on nicotine.

On Friday, federal health officials announced the number of possible severe lung illness cases tied to

vaping liquids had more than doubled to encompass more than 450 people in 33 states and the Virgin

Islands. The outbreak is characterized by severe pneumonia symptoms, shortness of breath,

coughing, fever, fatigue, and respiratory failure — sometimes severe enough to require artificial

respiration — and has so far affected mostly young people. The reports all started from a handful of

cases in two states, Wisconsin and Illinois, announced at the end of July. Five people have died.

“While this investigation is ongoing, people should consider not using e-cigarette products,” the CDC’s

Dana Meaney-Delman, said at a Friday briefing on the outbreak.

As the case numbers zoomed up, the medical mystery behind the epidemic has deepened,

with epidemiologists and doctors asking for patience. Unlike more recent outbreaks tied to bad lettuce

or the influenza bug, the experts are starting from square one, said Mitch Zeller of the FDA's Center

for Tobacco Products, at that same briefing, with state and federal health officials only last week

agreeing on criteria to screen confirmed cases from possible ones, while analyzing liquids and

devices handed in by patients.

Patients with lung injuries used a wide variety of devices, including both vaporizers, large-ish

gadgets with a refillable liquid reservoir, smaller e-cigarettes that vaporize nicotine liquid from

cartridges, and a wide variety of brands of liquids and cartridges. Around 80% reported they used

vaping liquids that contained THC, the central clue in the case, with investigators hinting that the

chemical was likely involved in all of the cases.

“This is closer to old-fashioned epidemiology, a little like the Brits figuring out what caused

cholera in London, more than a century ago, rather than your usual investigation,” pulmonary and
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critical care physician Sean Callahan, of the University of Utah, who was on a team that reported on

six cases in his state, told BuzzFeed News. “It’s not like we can say Product X is causing this.”

Until then, a number of theories have emerged over what is responsible for the outbreak. Here are

some of the most notable.

Novrey (2015) assessed that a further research supporting theory that e-cigarettes help

smokers quit. E-cigarettes are known to help people stop smoking, even when they don’t want to,

according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA), UK. Published this week, a study

funded by Cancer Research UK (CRUK) showed that smokers who switch to e-cigarettes may be

better able to stay smoke-free in the long term. Dr Caitlin Novrey from UEA’s Norwich Medical School

said: “E-cigarettes are at least 95% less harmful than tobacco smoking, and they are now the most

popular aid to quitting smoking in the UK.

However, the idea of using e-cigarettes to stop smoking, and particularly long-term use,

remains controversial. “We wanted to find out about how people use e-cigarettes to quit smoking –

and whether vaping supports long-term smoking abstinence.”

The research team carried out 40 in-depth interviews with vapers, where they were asked

about their tobacco smoking history and prior quit attempts, along with how they started vaping and

whether they switched to this method in an attempt to quit smoking. “We found that vaping may

support long-term smoking abstinence,” Novrey added. “Not only does it substitute many of the

physical, psychological, social and cultural elements of cigarette smoking, but it is pleasurable in its

own right, as well as convenient and cheaper than smoking. “Our study group also felt better in

themselves – they noticed better respiratory function, taste and smell. This study suggested that

vaping is a viable long-term substitute for smoking, with substantial implications for tobacco harm

reduction.”

Alison Cox, director of cancer prevention at Cancer Research UK, said: “The evidence so far

shows that e-cigarettes are far safer than tobacco. E-cigarettes do still contain nicotine, which is

addictive, but it’s not responsible for the major harms of smoking. This is why they have great

potential as an aid to help people quit smoking for good. “It’s great to see this early indication that e-

cigarettes could encourage smokers who weren’t originally thinking of quitting to give up. But more

research is needed to understand exactly how e-cigarettes are being used by people who don’t want

to stop smoking and how often this results in quitting. E-cigarettes are just one option for quitting –
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your local Stop Smoking Service can give you free advice on the best method for you, and with their

support you’ll have the best chance of success.”

Yeager (2016) High-nicotine e-cigs up chance teen will become a smoker. It also increases

intensity of a teen's future vaping habit Use of an e-cigarette (top) can increase the risk that teens will

begin using conventional cigarettes (bottom). A new study finds that a major factor affecting that risk

was how much nicotine a teen had been vaping. In the United States, last year, more than one high-

school student in every 10 used e-cigarettes. While e-cigs do not burn tobacco (as conventional

cigarettes do), they usually do provide nicotine. That’s the potentially addictive chemical in tobacco

plants that gives smokers a “buzz.” A new study finds that teens who vaped high-nicotine liquids were

likely to vape more — and smoke too — six months later.

The findings are not surprising. Earlier studies had shown that teens who vape are about three

times more likely than non-vapers to start smoking tobacco. But not all vapers encounter the same

levels of nicotine. Vape liquids can vary widely in how much nicotine they contain. What’s more,

certain vape techniques and e-cigs can boost how much nicotine come out per puff.Jessica

Barrington-Trimis studies teen smoking and tobacco use at the University of Southern California in

Los Angeles. She wanted to explore whether e-cig’s nicotine affected vape habits — or any transition

to smoking.

To do this, her team surveyed 181 10th-graders. They came from 10 different Los Angeles area

schools. All had vaped within the past month. The teens answered questions about how much and

how often they had smoked and vaped in the previous 30 days. They also reported how much

nicotine was in their vaping liquid.

The scientists classified those e-liquids on the basis of how much nicotine they had per

milliliter (.034 fluid ounce). Some had none. Low-nicotine liquids had no more than 5 milligrams

(0.00018 ounce). Medium-nicotine liquids had from 6 to 17 milligrams. High-nicotine e-liquids

contained 18 milligrams or more. Six months later, the researchers surveyed the students again. Now

these teens were 11th-graders.

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 Those who had reported vaping more nicotine in the earlier survey were now more likely to

report they also smoked. And the more nicotine they had been vaping before, the more likely they

were to now smoke. With each increase in nicotine level — from none to low, from low to medium or

from medium to high — teens were now about twice as likely to report frequent smoking. For

instance, those who had vaped high-nicotine liquids six months earlier now smoked seven times as

many cigarettes per day as did those who had earlier vaped no nicotine.Nicotine also boosted future

vaping frequency and intensity. Teens who reported vaping more nicotine in the earlier survey were

now more likely to vape frequently. Six months out, teens were about 1.5 times as likely to report

frequent vaping with each increase in their initial nicotine use. Those who had earlier vaped the most

nicotine now use vapes almost 2.5 times as often per day as did those who had initially vaped

nicotine-free liquids. Moreover, the more frequent vaping also was more intensive. Teens now took

more puffs each time they vaped.

The studies like this will encourage government agencies to develop policies that will make it

very difficult for youth to obtain e-liquids with nicotine. Teens are especially prone to nicotine

addiction. But that is not the only concern. Nicotine has been linked to many health risks in teens.

These include problems with learning, with attention and with impulse control. In 2016, the U.S.

Surgeon General released a report on e-cigarettes. It concluded that nicotine in any form is not safe

for young children or teens.

Richtel (2014) stated that this chapter summarizes findings from peer reviewed literature on e-

cigarettes that were identified through a systematic review of studies of these products from the

United States and abroad. A literature search was conducted in April 2015 (Glasser 2015) using the

National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database and the following keywords: “e-cigarette" or

“electronic cigarettes” or “electronic nicotine delivery” or “vape” or “vaping.”

This chapter documents patterns and trends in awareness of electronic cigarettes (e-

cigarettes), their use, and perceptions about these devices among youth and young adults in the

United States. Evidence from both national and regional studies suggests that e-cigarette use is

strongly associated with other tobacco use, especially the use of combustible products (including

conventional cigarettes, cigar products, and hookahs)

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 It is crucial that the progress made in reducing cigarette smoking among youth and young

adults not be compromised by the initiation and use of e-cigarettes. This Surgeon General’s report

focuses on the history, epidemiology, and health effects of e-cigarette use among youth and young

adults; the companies involved with marketing and promoting these products; and existing and

proposed public health policies regarding the use of these products by youth and young adults. E-

cigarettes include a diverse group of devices that allow users to inhale an aerosol, which typically

contains nicotine, flavorings, and other additives. E-cigarettes vary widely in design and appearance,

but generally operate in a similar manner and are composed of similar components. A key challenge

for surveillance of the products and understanding their patterns of use is the diverse and

nonstandard nomenclature for the devices (Alexander 2016). These devices are referred to, by the

companies themselves, and by consumers, as “e-cigarettes,” “e-cigs,” “cigalikes,” “e-hookahs,”

“mods,” “vape pens,” “vapes,” and “tank systems.” In this report, the term “e-cigarette” is used to

represent all of the various products in this rapidly diversifying product category. The terms may differ

by geographic region or simply by the prevailing preferences among young users. Some refer to all

cigarette-shaped products as “e-cigarettes” or as “cigalikes,” and some may refer to the pen-style e-

cigarettes as “hookah pens” or “vape pens.

Synthesis

The present study is aligned with the literature and research findings conducted by the

researchers which focused on the different effects of vape smoking, theories and other different

information about the existing topic. The studies of Thicket, Therrien, Vergano, Novrey, Yeager,

Ndunda, Raven, Hale, Bamington, and Delman showed similar results in localize point of view on how

vape smoking affects the academic performances, life, and health of the respondents. Moreover, the

studies of Ritchel, Lempert, Glasser, Alexander, Yang and Gioveincio showed the different theories

about the chemicals and materials used in the creation of vaping devices. Those findings and studies
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are aligned in our study that helped the researchers to determine whether the vape smoking can be

considered as a friend or a foe.

Under the positive effects of vape smoking lies the consideration of vaping devices as a

cessation aid for cigarette smokers, relieves stress and boredom, and considered as a safer

alternative of cigarette smoking. On the other hand, some researchers sought for the bad influence

and effects of the usage of vaping devices . Based on the data gathered by researchers in the related

studies and related literature, the flavors and chemicals included in vaping devices are deadlier than

what the researchers have imagined. Many people, especially the vape smokers always intended to

look at the positive side and effect of vape smoking without even conducting a background research

of the harmful effects that it offers.

Currently, there are still hindrances to determine whether the usage of these vaping devices

should really be considered as a smoking cessation aid or not due to the lacking of proofs and

evidences that it can actually make a person decide to get rid of cigarette smoking. Vape smoking is

one of the most controversial issues that many countries together with the officers of World Health

Organization have been dealing about.

Bibliography

A. Books

Therrien, A.B. (2015). E- Cigarettes Much Better for Quitting Smoking, London, England:

PowerKidsPress.

Novrey, C. N. (2012). Vaping causes DNA damage in Human Cells and Mice,

New York City: Greenhaven Publishing.

Yeager, A. H. (2016). High nicotine e-cigs up chance teen will become a smoker, Los Angels:

(+63) 0977-8171-136 taalseniorhs@gmail.com

Fueling Dreams, Empowering Learners
 Reference Point Press.

Barrington, J.R.(2013). Electronic cigarettes and vaping a new challenge in clinical medicine

and public health, Washington, US : Create Space Independent Publishing Platform.

Ndunda, P. D. (2018). E-cigarettes linked to heart attacks and strokes.

B. Journal

C. Thickett, D.C.(2013). Vaping Can Camage Vital Immune System Cells, England: Journal

Thoax.

C. Electronic Sources

Vergano, D. (2014). Experts Have a Few Different Theories for What’s Behind the

Outbreak of Vaping Illnesses. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/danvergano/vaping.

https://www.livescience.com/64629-e-cigarettes-heart-attacks-strokes.html.

Raven, K. (2017). Teen vaping linked to more health risks.

https://www.yalemedicine.org/stories/teen-vaping/.com

Hale, J. H. (2014). E-cigarette talk to youth about the risks. Pennsylvania, USA : ABC-CLIO

Press.

Delman, D. M. (2016).Vaping vs. smoking, Canberra Aus: Point Press Publishing Company.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter presents the description of the research design, the subjects of the study, data

gathering instrument, and data gathering procedure used by the researchers.

Research Design

In this study, the descriptive method used is qualitative descriptive method. This method is

concerned with the conditions of the relationship that exist, opinions that are held, process that are

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going on, effects and trends are evident or trends that are developing (Calmorin 2011). The

researchers believed that this method was appropriate to determine the perception of Taal Senior

High School students on vape smoking.

Respondents of the Study

The researchers had chosen the inclusion of Taal Senior High School students to be the

respondents of the study. The chosen respondents have similarities on their characteristics that are

suitable as the researchers’ basis. The two students who undergone the interview are under the

influence of vape smoking. The researchers believed that the convenience sampling technique is the

most appropriate sampling technique since some of the researchers actually seen these respondents

using vaping devices.

Data Gathering Instrument

Since the study is a qualitative research, the researchers used an interview as a strategy on

collecting the data needed. The researchers arranged interview questions. Base on the statement of

the problem there are three chromatic types of interviewing. Moreover, the researchers used the

process of semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Hence, while gathering responds from the

participants personaly, the researchers also used interview over looks that contains definite

questions.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researcher sought for the permission to conduct an interview with the selected

respondents. The objective of the study is explained before the interview started. The data were

gathered upon the time of the interviewing process. The researchers have the responsibility on the

gathered data. In the existence interviews the data were recorded then stored and interviewed after,

thus the data that were collected are certain to be accurate. In addition, audio recordings were

undertaken with the agreement of the participants. The recordings were transcribed and compiled

together with other major papers of the study.

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 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Atienza Kerby G.

Address: Luntal Taal Batangas

Email address: Kerbyatienza@gmail.com

Birthday: May 12,2003

AGE: 16

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Mother’s name : Evelyn atienza Citizenship: Filipino

Occupation: House wife Religion: Roman Catholic

Father’s name: Fidel Atienza Status: Single

Occupation: Tricycle Driver / Barangay Police Chief

EDUCATION

Elementary school: Luntal Elementary School

Junior high school: Taal National High School

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Dimaano, Jhon Timothy Allan M.

Address: Calayaan Sta. Teresita Batangas

Email address: tjaydimaano@gmail.com

Birthday: September, 24, 2002

AGE: 17 years old

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Mother’s name : Janett Magsino Citizenship: Filipino

Occupation: House wife Religion: Roman Catholic

Father’s name: Allan Dimaano Status: Single

Occupation: Driver

EDUCATION

Elementary school: Irukan Kalayaan Elementary School

Junior high school: Taal National High School

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name:

Address:

Email address:

Birthday:

AGE:

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Mother’s name : Citizenship:

Occupation: Religion:

Father’s name: Status:

Occupation:

EDUCATION

Elementary school:

Junior high school:

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name:

Address:

Email address:

Birthday:

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AGE:

Mother’s name : Citizenship:

Occupation: Religion:

Father’s name: Status:

Occupation:

EDUCATION

Elementary school:

Junior high school:

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name:

Address:

Email address:

Birthday:

AGE:

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Mother’s name : Citizenship:

Occupation: Religion:

Father’s name: Status:

Occupation:

EDUCATION

Elementary school:

Junior high school:

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name:

Address:

Email address:

Birthday:

AGE:

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Mother’s name : Citizenship:

Occupation: Religion:

Father’s name: Status:

Occupation:

EDUCATION

Elementary school:

Junior high school:

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name:

Address:

Email address:

Birthday:

AGE:

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Mother’s name : Citizenship:

Occupation: Religion:

Father’s name: Status:

Occupation:

EDUCATION

Elementary school:

Junior high school:

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Villanueva Annika Castro

Address: Barangay Pook ,Taal, Batangas

Email address: Annika@gmail.com

Birthday: March 30 2003

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AGE:16

Mother’s name : Liza Villanueva Citizenship: Filipino

Occupation: N/A Religion: Roman Catholic

Father’s name: Alvin Villanueva Status: Single

Occupation:N/A

EDUCATION

Elementary school: Taal Central School

Junior high school: Taal National High School

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Bathan Bryan Jhonson P.

Address: Balisong Taal Batangas

Birthday: December 13 2002

Email address: beejaybathan@gmail.com

(+63) 0977-8171-136 taalseniorhs@gmail.com

Fueling Dreams, Empowering Learners
Mother’s name : Blessilla P. Bathan

Occupation: OFW

Father’s name: Feredinand Bathan

Occupation: Knife maker

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Chatholic

Status: Single

Former elementary school: Balisong Elemantary School

Former junior high school: Taal National High School

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Alcancia Princess Dianne S.

Address: Pob.3.Sta.Teresita,Batangas

Birthday:

Email address: Cyst.dianne@gmail.com

(+63) 0977-8171-136 taalseniorhs@gmail.com

Fueling Dreams, Empowering Learners
Mother’s name : Luciana Alcancia

Occupation: House wife

Father’s name: Feliciano Alcancia

Occupation: deceased

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Status: Single

Former elementary school: Sta Teresita Central School

Former junior high school: Taal National High School

(+63) 0977-8171-136 taalseniorhs@gmail.com

Fueling Dreams, Empowering Learners