Manuscript
Manuscript
Manuscript
A Research Paper
Presented to the faculty of Tagaytay City Science National High School-Integrated Senior High
School
S.Y. 2020-2021
In Partial fulfillment
Of the requirements in Research
Science Curriculum
Jea Peralta
Jared Miguel Batino
Mhark Denzel Andag
Rob Edmund Dinglasan
1
Abstract
Dumped banana peels can cause so many harmful effects to human health especially for those
who pretty much get their foods in dumps.The number of banana peels being dumped is
increasing all over the year.If it decompose it will have a benefit for our environment but the
time for it to decompose is the problem,it takes 2 years just for it to decompose and have a
benefit. There are so many things to do to make banana peels less harmful in the span of that 2
years,banana peels can be used as a material to make a soap and it can even be used as an
organic fertilizer.Making the banana peel a fertilizer makes it beneficial but also not harmful to
humans health.This study also investigate if the banana peel fertilizer has an effect to plant
growth.
The researchers will purchase 1 kg of Bananas (Musa Paradisiaca) from their local super
market or the banana peel can also be gathered in the researchers houseThe researchers will
carefully remove the banana peels and set the banana peels to dry in the sun. The time depends
on the heat of the sun and the type of weather during the experiment. However, to successfully
dry out the peels the amount of time it took was 3 to 5 days. To speed up the process, the
researchers placed the banana peels in the oven for 30 minutes at a temperature of 160 degrees
Fahrenheit. When the banana peels have dried completely, the researchers will either grind them
with a grinder or blend them with a blender. The researchers check to see if the dried, banana
peelings have turned into a fine powder. That’s when the finished product is now complete and
ready for testing.
2
Table of Contents
Contents
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………………1
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….......2
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………3
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………..4
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………….4
Chapter 1: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………5
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………6
Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypotheses……………………………………………...6
Significance of the Study……………………………………….................................7
Scope and Limitation………………………………………………………………...7
Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………….8
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………...9
Research Paradigm…………………………………………………………………..10
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature……………………………………………………….11
Chapter 3: Methodology………………………………………………………………………..15
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion……………………………………………………………..20
Chapter 5: Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….23
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………25
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………...28
Appendices
Appendix A: Gant Chart……………………………………………………………29
Appendix B: Raw Data……………………………………………………………..30
Appendix C: Hypothesis Testing…………………………………………………...31
Appendix D: Personal Information of the Researchers……………………………..33
3
List of Tables
Table 1
Materials that are to be used in this study are Banana
Peels…………………………………………………………………………………………….17
Table 2
Equipment and utensils used n the preparation on the production of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca)
Peel as fertilizer…………………………………………………………………………………17
Table 3
Results of Phytochemical Screening from MJHR……………………………………………..20
Table 4
Comparing the growth of the plant without using fertilizer and using the banana peel as
fertilizer…………………………………………………………………………………………22
List of Figures
Figure 1
Input Process Output Model of the Effectiveness of Banana
(Musa Paradisiaca)………………………………………………………………………………9
Figure 2
Process Flow Sheet for the Preparation of Knowing the Effectiveness of Banana
(Musa Paradisiaca) Peel Fertilizer………………………………………………………………10
4
Chapter I
Introduction
Every year the amount of dumped banana peels is increasing and causing more harmful
effects to human health. Banana peels take almost 2 years to decompose and for it to have a
helpful effect for our environment. To think about, 2 years is a long time for a banana peel to
decompose. It could cause some harmful effects to human health before it even decompose.
There are so many things to do to make banana peels less harmful in the span of that 2 years,
banana peels can be used as a material to make a soap and it can even be used as an organic
fertilizer.
Organic fertilizers comprise a variety of plant-derived materials that range from fresh or
dried plant material to animal manures and litters to agricultural by-products (Wohlfarth and
Schroeder, 1979; Das and Jana, 2003; Kumar et al., 2004).Some commercials fertilizer contains
N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and K (potassium).To think about, banana peels have 2 of these
which are phosphorus and potassium but unfortunately banana peels didn’t have nitrogen. By
making the banana peel a fertilizer, the amount of dumped banana peel can be reduced but
making it a fertilizer will not lose its helpful effect to our environment and it can also help
5
Statement of the Problem
The study entitled “Effectiveness of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) Peel as Fertilizer to Plant
Growth” aims to test the potential of the banana peel as a fertilizer, this answers the following
question:
3. Is there a significant difference between the plant growth of the plant that have banana
Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypothesis
3. There is no significant difference between the plant growth of the plant that have banana
6
Significance of the study
This study will help the plant to improve the plant’s growth. The banana peel contains
potassium that is part of the big 3 or NPK along with phosphorus and nitrogen that is needed
to make a good fertilizer for a plant. The banana peel is actually rich in potassium. The
potassium also helps to control the exchange of water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Potassium is a very important element in making fertilizer the lack of potassium may affect
the plants growth so therefore the banana peel will make a good fertilizer. The making of
banana peel fertilizer will help to reduce the agricultural waste at this time the agricultural
This study will focus on the development of fertilizer using banana peel. This includes
the collecting of banana peel, drying of banana peel, grinding the dried banana peel, testing
how it will affect the plants growth, does it have a difference effect to plant growth of plant
with no fertilizer, does it have any phytochemicals in it, gathering data analysis and finally
arriving on the conclusions. However, there are possible problems that you may encounter
you may attract flies and other pest in the making of the banana peel as fertilizer.
7
Definition of terms
Fertilizer – a natural substance that is added to the soil to increase the fertility of plant
Animal manure - are solid, semisolid, and liquid that are generated by an animal
Potassium – is associated with the movement of water, nutrients and carbohydrates in plant
tissue
8
Conceptual Framework
will be Fertilizer to
comparing the
plant growth of
one with no
fertilizer.
Figure1.1 Input Process Output Model of the Effectiveness of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca)
Figure 1.1 describes the conceptual framework wherein the input is the different
9
Research Paradigm
Figure1.2 Process Flow Sheet for the Preparation of Knowing the Effectiveness of the Banana
10
Chapter II
components that enhance the growth of plants. Fertilizers also enrich the fertility of the soil and
Also, according to them, fertilizers made from composts and manure is as old as agriculture.
Also, current chemical fertilizers are developed to contain one or more of these elements:
phosphorous, nitrogen, and potassium. These elements are the most important elements in plant
growth. They also may contain sulfur, magnesium, and calcium as additional nutrients.
According to Utah State University, a fertilizer is a material that sustains and equip plants one
According to Harvard School of Public Health, the scientific name for banana is Musa, from
the Musaceae family of flowering tropical plants, which distinctively showcases the banana fruit
11
clustered at the top of the plant. Although some looks at it in a negative way, bananas have a
great nutritional value, and may even be the first one to be a “super food”, plugged by the
American Medical Association in the early 20th century as children’s health food and treatment
Banana peels are good for gardens because they contain 42 percent potassium, one of the three
major components of fertilizer along with nitrogen and phosphorus. In fact, banana peels have
Potassium help plants in transporting nutrients and water throughout the plant. This also
enhance plants’ stems and helps fighting diseases. Potassium is significant in creating flowers,
and is the reason why fruits taste better. This also help the plants to be resistant from drought.
You can just bury banana peels near your plants where they will give out the nutrients as they
12
Review of Related Legal Basis
Hereby stated in Republic Act No. 9147 Section 15 “Collection and utilization of biological
resources for scientific research and not for commercial purposes shall be allowed upon
or the authorized representative: Provided, That prior clearance from concerned bodies shall be
According to H. S. Hussein et al. (2019), there are many nutrients found in a banana, and these
Because of this study, it imposes that a banana peel has many nutrients that can be benefitted
by the researchers as they are great for gardening, source of fiber, and more. Also, a banana has
more benefits to the people as a source of antioxidants, teeth whitener, meat tenderizer, polishing
13
According to Sudha K. et al. (2015), a banana peel forms 18-33% of a banana and is
considered a waste product. Nowadays, banana peels are not used for any other purposes aside
According to Wolfe et al. (2003), Sotillo et al. (1994) and Larrauri et al. (2003), banana peels
are the good sources of polyphenols, carotenoids and other bioactive compounds which possess
According to Emaga et al. (2007), a banana peel is also rich in dietary fiber, proteins, essential
According to Brad berry (2017), the nutrients that are found in a banana peel are essential and
According to the study of Gebregergs et al. (2016), they used banana peels for the production
14
Chapter III
Methodology
Kind of Research
The kind of research that the researchers will conduct is experimental research. An
Harland D. experiments offer insights into the cause and effect by showing what effects arise
while manipulating a specific factor. The experimental group of this study will be the Banana
Peel as Fertilizer, because the researchers can manipulate the factors in the Banana peels as
Research Design
The researchers will be using two-group design for this study. This design will be used as a
basis of comparison among the properties of Banana peel as fertilizer than the most commonly
15
Research Instrument
In this study the researchers will be using observation. The researchers will use observation
cause the researchers will observe the growth of the plant. the researchers will use all five senses
The setting of the study will take place at the researcher’s home.
The researchers will test and gather data of the fertilizer in their homes.
16
Material
The materials that are to be used in this study are banana peels.
Materials Quantity
Banana Peels 1kg
The equipment and utensils used in the preparation on the production of “Banana (Musa
Paradisiaca) Peel as Fertilizer” are tray, blender or grinder and a container with a lid.
General Procedure
17
The researchers will purchase 1 kg of Bananas (Musa Paradisiaca) from their local super
market. The researchers will carefully remove the banana peels and set the banana peels to dry in
the sun. The time depends on the heat of the sun and the type of weather during the experiment.
However, to successfully dry out the peels the amount of time it took was 3 to 5 days. To speed
up the process, the researchers placed the banana peels in the oven for 30 minutes at a
temperature of 160 degrees Fahrenheit. When the banana peels have dried completely, the
researchers will either grind them with a grinder or blend them with a blender. The researchers
check to see if the dried, banana peelings have turned into a fine powder. That’s when the
Statistical Treatment
The researchers will use the t-Test of independent means to answer the null hypothesis in this
study.
Where:
n=number of groups
The calculated t value of 0.32 with df 22 at 5% level of significance is less define by -t 2.5 =
-2.074 and t 2.5 = 2.074. The t-value obtained is significant. This means that there is a difference
between the plant growth of the plant that has banana peel fertilizer and with no fertilizer.
Chapter IV
19
Carbohydrates +
Reducing Sugar +
Tannins +
Saponins +
Anthraquinones -
Steroids -
Alkaloids +
Glycosides -
Phytosterols -
Phenols +
Terpenoids -
Table 4.1 Results of Phytochemical Screening from MJHR
The table 4.1 above shows the results of the phytochemical screening of Banana (Musa
Paradisiaca) peels. Ethanol was used as an extract for it is non-toxic and it can be converted into
animal feed or organic fertilizers. Flavonoids, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, tannins, saponins,
alkaloids, phenols were present and it seems that anthraquinones, steroids, glycosides,
The main purpose of this study is to determine the Effectiveness of Banana (Musa
20
3. Is there a significant difference between the plant growth of the plant that have banana peel
100
80
60
40
20
0
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12
Table 4.2 Comparing the growth of the plant without using fertilizer and using the banana
peelings as fertilizer
Table 4.2 shows the comparison of using and no using the banana peeling fertilizer. The plant
used to test the effectiveness of banana (Musa Paradisiaca) peel as fertilizer was sunflowers
(Helianthus) for the fertilizer has nutrients that the sunflower needs. It can be seen 79.37cm the
highest growth over 12 weeks. However, the plant without the fertilizer only had grown 75cm or
2ft.
21
Chapter V
Conclusion
The main objectives of this study are to make a fertilizer out of banana peel and know if its
effective in a way that it can improve the plant growth. To do that, the researcher will need to a
test between the plant with banana peel fertilizer and plant with no fertilizer.
The result of phytochemical screening showed that the banana (Musa Paradisiaca) contains
flavonoids, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and phenols. This means
Base from table 4.2, the plant with the banana peel fertilizer shows more growth than the plant
with no fertilizer. In week 12, it is measured that the plant height of the one using the banana
peel fertilizer is 100cm or 3ft while the one that didn’t use the fertilizer has a height of 75cm or
2ft.It can be said that there is a significant difference between using the banana peel fertilizer and
not using it/not using any fertilizer.Therefore, the third null hypothesis is rejected.
22
Also basing from table 4.2, it is proven that the fertilizer affects the plant growth. Thus, the
For further research, different experimentation can be done to know the effectives of the
fertilizer out of banana peel. It can be compared to some commonly used fertilizer is
recommended so as to further test the effectiveness of the banana peel fertilizer. By doing this,
the researchers can check if the banana peel fertilizer have some differences and similarity on
effect to plant growth. It is also recommended to ask an expert in the field of fertilizer or
agriculture.
23
Bibliography
https://www.deschuteslandtrust.org/news/blog/2019-blog-posts/decomposition-organic-litter
https://extension.usu.edu/waterquality/agriculturewq/fertilizer
“Bananas.” The Nutrition Source. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, October 21,
2019. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/bananas/
Barbano, Paul. “Banana Peels Are Good for Gardens.” Cape Gazette, June 3, 2020.
https://www.capegazette.com/article/banana-peels-are-good-gardens/202889
24
K., Sudha, Anitta S., Mythili Devi P., Thejomayah G. (2015) Biosynthesis of iron Nano-particle
http://indianresearchjournals.com/pdf/IJSSIR/2015/June/21.pdf
Wolfe, Kelly, Xianzhong Wu, and Ru Hai Lu . “Antioxidant Activity of Apple Peels.” Journal of
Larrauri, J.A. “New Approaches in the Preparation of High Dietary Fibre Powders from Fruit by-
Sotillo, D. Rodriguez, M. Hadley, and E. T. Holm. “Potato Peel Waste: Stability and Antioxidant
2621.1994.tb08182.x
Happi Emaga, Thomas, Rado Herinavalona Andrianaivo, Bernard Wathelet, Jean Tchango
Tchango, and Michel Paquot. “Effects of the Stage of Maturation and Varieties on the Chemical
doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.006
25
Gebregergs, Alula, Mebrahtom Gebresemati, and Omprakash Sahu. “Industrial Ethanol from
Banana Peels for Developing Countries: Response Surface Methodology.” Pacific Science
26
Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to the following people who
First of all, to the Almighty God for the gift of knowledge, persistence, and patience to
Families and friends for the love, care, moral, financial support and for everything.
Mr. Christian L. Luna, the research adviser, and teacher for the time of advice which
contributed great deed to the success of the study. He,also helped the researchers by teaching the
27
Appendix A
Gantt Chart
Formulating the study entitled “ Effectiveness of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) Peel as Fertilizer
to Plant Growth” and making of the product.
March 2021 April May June
W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1
Identify research
area
Formulate research
questions
Setting the research
design and methods
Preparing the
materials
Data collection
Data analysis
Results and
discussion
28
Appendix B
Raw Data
1 10.62 6.25
2 16.87 12.5
3 23.12 18.75
4 29.37 25
5 35.62 31.25
6 41.87 37.5
7 48.12 43.75
8 54.37 50
9 60.62 56.25
10 66.87 62.5
11 73.12 68.75
12 79.37 75
29
Appendix C
Hypothesis Testing
Level of Significance
Type of Test
X̄ ₁ ≠ X̄ ₂
df= n₁+n₂−2
= 12+12−2
= 24−2
df= 22
t-value= ±2.074
X̄ ₁= ∑x / n
= 539.94 / 12
X̄ ₁= 44.995
X̄ ₂= ∑x / n
= 487.5 / 12
X̄ ₂= 40.625
SD²₁ =
(10.62−44.995)²+(16.87−44.995)²+(23.12−44.995)²+(29.37−44.995)²+(35.62−44.995)²+(41.87−44.995)²+(
30
48.12−44.995)²+(54.37−44.995)²+(60.62−44.995)²+(66.87−44.995)²+(73.12−44.995)²+(79.87−44.995)² /
12−1
= (-34.375)²+(-28.125)²+(-21.875)²+(15.625)²+(-9.375)²+(-
3.125)²+(3.125)²+(9.375)²+(55.625)²+(61.875)²+68.125)²+(74.375)² / 11
= 1181.64+791.01+478.51+244.14+87.89+9.76+9.76+87.89+3094.14+3628.51+4641.0145531.64 /
11
= 19976.14 / 11
SD²₁ = 1816.01
SD²₂ =
(6.25−40.625)²+(12.5−40.625)²+(18.75−40.625)²+(25−40.625)²+(31.25−40.625)²+(37.5−40.625)²+(43.75−
40.625)²+(50−40.625)²+(56.25−40.625)²+(62.5−40.625)²+(68.75−40.625)²+(75−40.625)² / 12.−1
= (-34.375)²+(-28.125)²+(-21.875)²+(-15.625)²+(-9.375)²+(-
3.125)²+(3.125)²+(9.375)²+(15.625)²+(21.875)²+(28.125)²+(34.375)² / 11
= 1181.64+791.01+478.51+244.14+87.89+9.76+9.79+244.14+478.51+791.01+1181.64 / 11
= 5498.01 / 11
SD²₂ = 499.82
= √ 19976.11 + 5498.02 / 22
= √ 25474.16 / 22
= √ 1157.91
Sp = 34.02
Appendix D
31
Personal Information of the Researchers
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
32
III. HONORS/AWARDS RECEIVED
Elementary
Grade 1 N/A
Grade 2 N/A
Grade 3 N/A
Grade 4 1st Honor
Grade 5 With Honors
Grade 6 With Honors
High School
Grade 7 With Honors
Grade 8 With Honors
V. ORGANIZATIONS
33
Name Jea C. Peralta
Age 16
Sex Female
Nationality Filipino
Religion Christian
Elementary
Grade 1 Honor A
34
Grade 2 Honor A
Grade 3 Honor A
Grade 4 Honor A
Grade 5 Honor A
Grade 6 Honor A
High School
V. ORGANIZATIONS
Elementary N/A
35
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age 14
36
Birth Place Quezon City
Sex Male
Reshiel O. Dinglasan
Nationality Filipino
Elementary
Grade 1 N/A
Grade 2 N/A
37
Grade 4 With Honors
High School
Grade 7 N/A
V. ORGANIZATIONS
Elementary N/A
38
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age 14
Sex Male
Nationality Filipino
Elementary
40
High School
V. ORGANIZATIONS
Elementary N/A
41
42