ANALYSIS OF PIER

FRL=104.341m
Hydraulic Particulars & Height of Abutment/Pier wall
At the proposed Bridge Site, the following data are available;
a) High Flood Level, HFL = 101.551 m
b) Lowest Bed Level, LBL = 96.998 m H.F.L.= 101.551m
At Pier Locations Pier
Max. Scour Level = 93.107 m Pile Cap
Levels at abutments and pier locations
E.G.L. at Pier P1 = 101.551 m
Calculation of height of frame at Pier locations
The lowest E.G.L. at Pier = 101.551 m Pile
Placing bottom of pile cap at = 94.901 m
Top of pile cap level = 96.701 m
Top of Pier cap level = 102.201 m
Top of bearing level = 102.501 m
Hence, 102.501 - 96.701 = 5.800 m
Height of frame at Pier locations = 5.800 m
Height of Pier with cap = 5.500 m
Height of Pile-cap = 1.800 m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
PERMANENT ACTIONS
Self Weight/Dead Load
Dead Load from super-structure = Weight of pier cap = = 500.48 kN
2100 kN Weight of pier (Circular part) = = 333.79 kN
Weight of pier (Straight part) = = 0.00 kN
Total weight of pier = 333.79 kN
Total weight of pile cap = = 1462.05 kN

VARIABLE GRAVITY LOAD TREATED AS PERMANENT LOAD

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)
Super Imposed Dead Load acting on pier =
Weight of railing(1.5KN/m) = = 58.50 kN
Weight of kerb = =(19.54-0.04)x0.45 x 0.3x25x2 = 131.63 kN
TOTAL SIDL LOAD = 190.13 kN

Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Surfacing or loading due to bituminous concrete wearing coat on carriageway = =(19.54-0.04)x(0+.075)/2 x7.5x25 kN
So, Total load of surfacing = 137.11 kN

VARIABLE ACTIONS
Vehicular Live Load

Carriageway Live load

(I) 2 lanes of Class-A
(II) 1 lane of 70R Tracked
(III) 1 lane of 70R Wheel
 1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.
A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 18.00 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 0.75 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.188 Width of footpath with railing = 450 mm
Width of carriageway = 7.50 m

114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 4.25

0.75 18.00 0.75

Rb Ra

0.85 1.8

eT 4.2

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 430.201 KN

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 430.2 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0.770 m

Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.

Minimum clearence = 1.2 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.70
0.45 0.4 1.55 0.15 1.8
1.8

4.2 4.2
456
Maximum Reaction = Rb = 860.402 KN
Maximum Reaction = 860.4 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 0.70 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0.77 m

B) Both Span Loaded

Case - 3: One Lane / both span loaded.
9.09 CG of load

27 114 114 68 68 68 68
9.7 27 3.2 1.2 2.76 3 3 3 9.0
1.1

0.75 18 0.77 0.77 18 0.75

Ra Rc
554
3.59 0.71

CG calculation of load:
Taking moment with respect to the left most load, CG of load = 9.09 m
With above consideration, x = 3.59 m
Similarly, we have y = 0.71 m
In order to get the maximum pier reaction, we have place the loads in such a manner so that
the CG of the load passes through the centre line of the pier.

9.09 CG of load
27 114 114 68 68 68 68
9.68 27 3.2 1.2 2.821 -0.061 3 3 9.8
1.1 3

0.750 18.000 0.770 0.770 18.000 0.750

Rb Ra Rc
554

Maximum reaction, RA = 255.8 kN

Similarly, max. reaction, RC = 257.3 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC 513.1 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 513.1 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt pier, eL = 0.000 m

Case - 4: Two Lane / both span loaded.

R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 1026.222 KN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 1026.2 kN
And transverse eccentricity, eT = 0.70 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, eL = 0.00 m
2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked
A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70R Tracked
Span, Le = 18 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.75 m Width of ground contact = 840 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 450 mm
Impact factor = 1.1 Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m
4.57

0.750 18.000 0.750

Rb Ra
70R Tracked Loading 1.10
350 350

0.45 1.2 1.22

0.84 0.84

4.2 4.2
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 704.3 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = = 704.336
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 704.3 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 1.10 m

And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0.77 m
B) Both Span Loaded
Case - 2: 70R Tracked
In order to get the maximum pier reaction, we have place the loads in such a manner so that the CG
of the load passes through the centre line of the pier.
153.17 kN/m
4.57

0.750 18 0.77 0.77 18 0.75

Rb Ra Rc

Since, the loading is symmetrical

Maximum reaction, RA = 377.03 kN
Similarly, max. reaction, RC = 377.03 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 754.07 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 754.065
Hence,Total Reaction R = 754.07 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 1.10 m

And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt pier, eL = 0.000 m
 3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel
A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70 R Wheel
Span, Le = 18 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.75 m Width of ground contact = 860 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 450 mm
Impact factor = 1.188 Width of carriageway = 7.5 m

170 170 170 170 120 120 80

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 5.35

0.75 18 0.75
Rb Ra
Maximum reaction = Rb = 899.33 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = = 899.329
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 899.33 kN
max longitudinal eccentricity = eL = 0.770 m
70R Wheeled Loading
170 170

0.45 1.2 0.86 0.86

1.07

4.2 4.2
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m

Case - 2: 70 R Wheel
8.28
80 120 120 170 170 170 170
3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37

0.77 0.77
Rb 18 Ra Rc 18

1000
CG calculation of load:
Taking moment with respect to the left most load, CG of load = 8.28 m
With above consideration, x = 0.67 m
Similarly, we have y = 0.70 m
8.28
80 120 120 170 170 170 170
10.49 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 13.65

0.77 0.77
18.0 Rc 18.0
Rb Ra
1000
Maximum reaction, RA 499.52 kN
Similarly, max. reaction, RC = 524.29 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 1023.81 kN
Hence,Total Reaction R = 1023.81 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 1.16 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt pier, eL = 0.019 m
CWLL Load on Pier

Load due Load due to Reaction eL eL eT ML MT

sl. No. Live Load Case to main additional (KN) (m) (m) (m) (KN-m) (KN-m)
wheel wheel
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10
(col 4 x col (col 4 x col 10) + (col 5
7) + (col 5 x x col 10) + (col 6 x col
col 8) + (col 10)
For Class-A Class A 70R Class A 70R 6 x col 9)

1 One lane / one span loaded 500 0 430.20 0.77 2.450 331.25 1053.99
2 Two lane / one span loaded 1000 0 860.40 0.77 0.700 662.51 602.28
3 One lane / Both span loaded 554 0 513.11 0.000 2.450 0.00 1257.12
4 Two lane / Both span loaded 1108 0 1026.22 0.000 0.700 0.00 718.36
For IRC class 70R Tracked
5 One lane / one span loaded 700 0 704.34 0.77 0.770 1.100 542.34 774.77
6 One lane / Both span loaded 700 0 754.07 0.00 0.000 1.100 0.00 829.47
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
7 One lane / one span loaded 1000 0 899.33 0.77 0.770 1.155 692.48 1038.73
8 One lane / Both span loaded 1000 0 1023.81 0.00 0.019 1.155 19.08 1182.50

Longitudinal forces
1 Calculation of Braking Forces
Caused by braking of vehicles ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2017)
Case - I Case - II Case - III Case - IV Case - V Case - VI
Braking force line of action 70R
70R 70R Wh.
Class A -
Class A - Two Tr.One Tr.One One 70R Wh. One
Two lane /
1.2m Lane both Lane , one lane / Both Lane , lane / Both
one span
span loaded span span one span loaded
loaded
loaded loaded span
loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 554 700 700 1000 1000
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 111 140 140 200 200
c Resultant breaking force kN = 75.8 95.4 118.9 117.4 173.0 169.3
d ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
e Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98
f Moment at bearing level kN-m = 297.50 329.63 416.50 416.50 595.00 595.00
g Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 16.53 18.31 23.14 23.14 33.06 33.06
h For moment at pier base, lever arm m = 5.800 5.800 5.800 5.800 5.800 5.800
i Longitudinal moment at pier base kN-m = 439.71 553.36 689.45 680.79 1003.52 981.86
Calculation of Bearing Forces:

For Pot Bearing

µ = Coefficient of friction at the movable bearing = 0.03 (From IRC:6-2017)
µRg = 31.5 µRg = -31.5
For span 1 For span 2 Resultant force
i) {Fh - µ(Rg+Rq)} 42.688 31.5 74.188
Case-I 75.812 KN
ii) {Fh/2 + µ(Rg+Rq)} 107.31 -31.5 75.812

i) {Fh - µ(Rg+Rq)} 16.182 79.225 95.407

Case - II 95.407 KN
ii) {Fh/2 + µ(Rg+Rq)} 66.918 3.875 70.793

i) {Fh - µ(Rg+Rq)} 87.370 31.500 118.870

Case - III 118.870 KN
ii) {Fh/2 + µ(Rg+Rq)} 122.630 -31.500 91.130

i) {Fh - µ(Rg+Rq)} 27.189 90.189 117.378

Case - IV 117.378 KN
ii) {Fh/2 + µ(Rg+Rq)} 77.811 14.811 92.622

i) {Fh - µ(Rg+Rq)} 141.520 31.500 173.020

Case - V 173.020 KN
ii) {Fh/2 + µ(Rg+Rq)} 158.480 -31.500 126.980

i) {Fh - µ(Rg+Rq)} 52.771 116.514 169.286

Case - VI 169.286 KN
ii) {Fh/2 + µ(Rg+Rq)} 97.229 33.486 130.714

HYDRAULIC ACTIONS

Water current forces:

As the pier portion bellow Highest Flood Level shall be submerged in running water, pressure on
pier by water is calculated here.
On piers, perallel to the direction of water current , the intensity of pressure is calculated
by equation, P =52KV2 ……..( Clause 210.2, IRC:6-2017)
Where, V = velocity of the current at the point where the pressure
intensity is in meter per second.
K = A constant depending on shape of pier

Circular piers or piers with semicircular ends, K = 0.66 ……(Clause 210.2, IRC:6-2017)
Mean velocity of current, Vm = 1.503414226 m/s
Now, if maximum velocity = V
V2 = 2Vm2 = 4.521 m/s ……..(Clause 210.3, IRC:6-2017)

Water current pressure at HFL level = 155.161 Kg/m2

= 1.55 kN/m2
Water current pressure at MSL level = 0
Calculation of water current force in transeverse direction

1.55 kN/m2 HFL =101.551 m

0.67 kN/m2
Top of pile cap = 96.701m

0.33 kN/m2
Bottom of pile cap = 94.901m
0
Maximum Scour Level = 93.107m
Water current pressure diagram

Area of projection plane of pier shaft in transeverse direction = 9.7 sqm

Total force acting in transeverse direction = 10.775 kN
Distance of the line of force above top of pile cap = 2.425 m
Moment in transeverse direction at Pier bottom location = 26.129 kN-m
Calculation of water current force in longitudinal direction
For longitudinal direction, K = 0.66
Considering 20˚ variation of water current direction, pressure in longitudinal direction = 0.380 kN/m2
2
Area of projection plane of pier in longitudinal direction = 9.7 m
Total force acting in longitudinal direction = 3.69 kN
Distance of the line of force above top of pile cap = 2.425 m
Moment in longitudinal direction at Pier bottom location = 8.937 kN-m
Buoyancy at HFL condition

HFL =101.551 m

4.85 m

1.8 m

Water pressure in horizontal direction on structure will nullify each other

Water pressure at top of pile cap level = 48.5 kN/m2
Water pressure at bottom of pile cap level = 66.5 kN/m2
Excess pressure on bottom of cap = 18 kN/m2
So, total force on bottom of pile cap due to cap only, in upward direction = Net pressure x plan area
584.82 kN
Load on shaft only = 346.3 kN
Total load on bottom of pile cap = 931.1 kN

Calculation of WIND LOAD

a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 33.28125 m2
FT = Area x Pz x G x CD = 135 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 33.73 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 151.2 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = Area x pz x G x CL = 236 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2017, bridge shall not be considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec

c Wind force on Substructure:

Pier Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp.Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 3.06 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 5.1 kN structure Transverse 235.78 134.94
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 33.73
Exposed area = 8.1 m2
Transverse wind force = 13.4 kN Live load Transverse 0.00 0.00
Pier Shaft Longitudinal 0.00
i. Transverse wind force:
Sub structure 0.00
Exposed area = -1.4 m2 (pile cap) Transverse 5.10
Transverse wind force = -2.4 kN Longitudinal 13.39
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force:
Exposed area = -1.4 m2 Sub structure Transverse 0.00
-2.38
Transverse wind force = -2.4 kN (pile shaft) Longitudinal -2.38
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Seismic Zone of bridge location = V
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 6, IRC:6-2017)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1.00 (Table 8, IRC:6-2017)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) = 2.50 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2017)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.45 /R Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? Yes
Value of R = = 4
Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) = 0.11
Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)

Seismic force due to dead load

(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)

A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 2290.13 KN
C.G. of Deck from girder bottom = 0.888 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.11
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh= Ah x (Total Dead Load)= 258.78 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support 2Fh = 517.57 KN ………r1 For 2 nos pot bearing on pier
Acting at RL = 103.39 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 0.888 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 459.34 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 12.76 KN
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 5.800 m
Longitudinal moment at pier base = 3001.90 KN-m ……..Mz

Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = = 258.784 KN ………..r2

Acting at RL = 103.389 m
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 5.800 m
Transeverse moment at pier base = 1500.948 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 172.523 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2017)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2017)
Design force in longitudinal direction = r1 + 0.3r2 + 0.3r3 = 646.960 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 + r2 + 0.3r3 = 465.811 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 + 0.3r2 + r3 = 405.428 KN
Design longitudinal moment at Pier-base = Mz + 0.3Mx = 3452.180 KN-m
Design transeverse moment at Pier-base = 0.3Mz + Mx = 2401.517 KN-m

Design longitudinal moment at pile cap-base = Mz + 0.3Mx = 4523.547 KN-m

Design transeverse moment at pile cap-base = 0.3Mz + Mx = 3146.815 KN-m
B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 137.109 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.775 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.113
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh= Ah x (Total Dead Load) = 15.493 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support 2Fh = 30.987 KN ………r1 For 2 nos pot bearing on pier
Acting at RL = 104.276 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.775 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 55.000 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 1.528 KN
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 5.800 m
Longitudinal moment at pier base = 179.723 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh = 15.493 KN ………..r2
Acting at RL = 104.276 m
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 5.800 m
Transeverse moment at pier base = 89.861 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 10.329 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2017)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2017)
Design force in longitudinal direction = r1 + 0.3r2 + 0.3r3 = 38.733 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 + r2 + 0.3r3 = 27.888 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 + 0.3r2 + r3 = 24.273 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 206.681 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 143.778 KN-m

Design longitudinal moment at pile cap base = Mz + 0.3Mx = 270.824 KN-m

Design transeverse moment at pile cap base = 0.3Mz + Mx = 188.399 KN-m

C. Seismic on Pier Cap:

CG of the pier cap from top of pile cap = 4.887 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_cap = 56.550 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 101.588 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 276.360 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_cap = 56.550 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 101.588 m RL
Transeverse moment = 276.360 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 37.700 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2017)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2017)
Design force in longitudinal direction = r1 + 0.3r2 + 0.3r3 = 84.825 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 + r2 + 0.3r3 = 84.825 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 + 0.3r2 + r3 = 71.630 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 359.268 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 359.268 KN-m

D. Seismic on Pier :
CG of the pier from top of pile cap = 2.125 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pier = 37.720 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 98.826 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 80.155 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pier = 37.720 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 98.826 m RL
Transeverse moment = 80.155 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 25.147 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2017)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2017)
Design force in longitudinal direction = r1 + 0.3r2 + 0.3r3 = 56.580 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 + r2 + 0.3r3 = 56.580 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 + 0.3r2 + r3 = 47.779 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 104.202 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 104.202 KN-m
E. Seismic on Pile Cap :
CG of the pile cap from bottom of pile cap = 0.900 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pile cap = 165.210 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 95.801 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 148.689 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pile cap = 165.210 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 95.801 m RL
Transeverse moment = 148.689 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 110.140 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2017)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2017)
Design force in longitudinal direction = r1 + 0.3r2 + 0.3r3 = 247.815 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 0.3r1 + r2 + 0.3r3 = 247.815 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 0.3r1 + 0.3r2 + r3 = 209.266 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 193.296 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 193.296 KN-m
 F. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2017)
(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)

20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL Lever arm Transve vertical force

(KN) seismic force at (+1.20) at Pier base rse component
Live Load Case moment
at pier
sl. No. vase
For Class-A Class A 70R
1 One lane / one span loaded 100.00 0.113 5.65 105.54 8.84 49.95 33.30
2 Two lane / one span loaded 200.00 0.113 11.30 105.54 8.84 99.89 66.59
3 One lane / Both span loaded 110.80 0.113 6.26 105.54 8.84 55.34 36.89
4 Two lane / Both span loaded 221.60 0.113 12.52 105.54 8.84 110.68 73.79
For IRC class 70R Tracked
5 One lane / one span loaded 140.00 0.11 7.91 105.54 8.84 69.92 46.62
6 One lane / Both span loaded 140.00 0.11 7.91 105.54 8.84 69.92 46.62
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
7 One lane / one span loaded 200.00 0.11 11.30 105.54 8.84 99.89 66.59
8 One lane / Both span loaded 200.00 0.11 11.30 105.54 8.84 99.89 66.59

G. Effects of liquefaction of soils

Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.
 All the actions at pier base analised above are summarised bellow, loads are in KN
Sl.NOLOAD DESCRIPITION V HL HT LA ML MT
A PERMANENT LOADS
i Dead Load from super-structure 2100.00
ii Self weight of Pier Cap 500.48
iii Self weight of pier 333.79
VARIABLE GRAVITY TREATED AS PERMANENT
i SIDL except surfacing 190.13
ii Surfacing 137.11
B VARIABLE LOAD
Carriageway Live Load
a For Class-A
i One lane / one span loaded 430.20 331.25 1053.99
ii Two lane / one span loaded 860.40 662.51 602.28
iii One lane / Both span loaded 513.11 0.00 1257.12
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 1026.22 0.00 718.36
b For IRC class 70R Tracked
i One lane / one span loaded 704.34 542.34 774.77
ii One lane / Both span loaded 754.07 0.00 829.47
c For IRC class 70R Wheeled
i One lane / one span loaded 899.33 692.48 1038.73
ii One lane / Both span loaded 1023.81 19.08 1182.50
Braking Force
a For Class-A
i One lane / one span loaded 16.53 75.81 5.800 439.71
ii Two lane / one span loaded 18.31 95.41 5.800 553.36
iii One lane / Both span loaded 16.53 75.81 5.800 439.71
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 18.31 95.41 5.800 553.36
b For IRC class 70R Tracked
i Two lane / one span loaded 23.14 118.87 5.800 689.45
ii One lane / Both span loaded 23.14 117.38 5.800 680.79
c For IRC class 70R Wheeled
i One lane / one span loaded 33.06 173.02 5.800 1003.52
ii One lane / Both span loaded 33.06 169.29 5.800 981.86
WIND LOAD
Wind load from super-structure 235.78 33.73 134.94 6.57 221.63 886.53
Wind load from sub-structure 0.00 2.72 11.01 2.75 7.48 30.28
SEISMIC EFFECTS
on superstructure except surfacing 405.43 646.96 465.81 3452.18 2401.52
on pier cap 71.63 84.83 84.83 359.27 359.27
on pier 47.78 56.58 56.58 104.20 104.20
On surfacing/ wearing coat 24.27 38.73 27.89 206.68 143.78
Vertical push-pull 14.29
for Live load
For Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 33.30 5.65 8.84 49.95
Two lane / one span loaded 66.59 11.30 8.84 99.89
One lane / Both span loaded 36.89 6.26 8.84 55.34
Two lane / Both span loaded 73.79 12.52 8.84 110.68
For IRC class 70R Tracked
One lane / one span loaded 46.62 7.91 8.84 69.92
One lane / Both span loaded 46.62 7.91 8.84 69.92
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
One lane / one span loaded 66.59 11.30 8.84 99.89
One lane / Both span loaded 66.59 11.30 8.84 99.89
HYDRAULIC LOAD
Water current force on shaft 3.69 10.77 8.94 26.13
Buoyant force on shaft -346.29
 Load combination at bottom of pile cap level
Sl.NOLOAD DESCRIPITION V HL HT LA ML MT
A PERMANENT LOADS
i Dead Load from super-structure 2100.00
ii Self weight of Pier Cap 500.48
iii Self weight of pier 333.79
iv Self weight of pile cap 1462.05
VARIABLE GRAVITY TREATED AS PERMANENT
i SIDL except surfacing 190.13
ii Surfacing 137.11
B VARIABLE LOAD
Carriageway Live Load
a Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 362.12 278.83 887.20
ii Two lane / one span loaded 724.24 557.67 506.97
One lane / Both span loaded 431.91 0.00 1058.18
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 863.82 0.00 604.68
b For IRC class 70R Tracked
i One lane / one span loaded 640.31 493.04 704.34
ii One lane / Both span loaded 685.51 0.00 754.07
c For IRC class 70R Wheeled
i One lane / one span loaded 757.01 582.90 874.35
ii One lane / Both span loaded 861.80 16.06 995.37
Braking /Friction Force
Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 16.53 75.81 7.60 576.17
Two lane / one span loaded 18.31 95.41 7.60 725.09
One lane / Both span loaded 16.53 75.81 7.60 576.17
Two lane / Both span loaded 18.31 95.41 7.60 725.09
For IRC class 70R Tracked
One lane / one span loaded 23.14 118.87 7.60 903.41
One lane / Both span loaded 23.14 117.38 7.60 892.07
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
One lane / one span loaded 33.06 173.02 7.60 1314.95
One lane / Both span loaded 33.06 169.29 7.60 1286.57
THERMAL LOAD
i Temperature variation effect 0.00 1.80 0.00
WIND LOAD
Wind load from super-structure 235.78 33.73 134.94 8.37 282.35 1129.41
Wind load from sub-structure 2.72 11.01 4.55 12.37 50.10
SEISMIC EFFECTS
on superstructure except surfacing 547.33 873.40 628.85 6106.79 4248.20
on pier cap 96.70 114.51 114.51 663.65 663.65
on pier 64.50 76.38 76.38 259.83 259.83
On surfacing/ wearing coat 32.77 52.29 37.65 365.61 254.34
on pile cap 209.27 247.82 247.82 193.30 193.30
Vertical Push-Pull 14.29
for Live load
For Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 44.95 7.63 10.64 81.16
Two lane / one span loaded 89.90 15.26 10.64 162.31
One lane / Both span loaded 49.81 8.45 10.64 89.92
Two lane / Both span loaded 99.61 16.90 10.64 179.84
For IRC class 70R Tracked
One lane / one span loaded 62.93 10.68 10.64 113.62
One lane / Both span loaded 62.93 10.68 10.64 113.62
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
One lane / one span loaded 89.90 15.26 10.64 162.31
One lane / Both span loaded 89.90 15.26 10.64 162.31
HYDRAULIC LOAD
Water current force on shaft 3.69 10.77 4.23 15.57 45.52
Water current force on pile cap 0.57 5.13 0.90 0.51 4.62
Buoyant force on pile cap -584.82
 LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2934.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 190.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 137.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 860.40 662.51 602.28 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/BS) LL2 1026.22 0.00 718.36 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(1L/1S) LL3 704.34 542.34 774.77 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(1L/BS) LL4 754.07 0.00 829.47 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(1L/1S) LL5 899.33 692.48 1038.73 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(1L/BS) LL6 1023.81 19.08 1182.50 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/1S) LL1 18.31 553.36 0.00 95.41 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/BS) LL2 18.31 553.36 0.00 95.41 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(1L/1S) LL3 23.14 689.45 0.00 118.87 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(1L/BS) LL4 23.14 680.79 0.00 117.38 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(1L/1S) LL5 33.06 1003.52 0.00 173.02 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(1L/BS) LL6 33.06 981.86 0.00 169.29 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 563.40 4122.33 3008.76 827.10 635.10
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 66.59 0.00 99.89 0.00 11.30
Seismic Class A(2L/BS) LL2 73.79 0.00 110.68 0.00 12.52
Seismic 70R Tr.(1L/1S) LL3 46.62 0.00 69.92 0.00 7.91
Seismic 70R Tr.(1L/BS) LL4 46.62 0.00 69.92 0.00 7.91
Seismic 70R Wh.(1L/1S) LL5 66.59 0.00 99.89 0.00 11.30
Seismic 70R Wh.(1L/BS) LL6 66.59 0.00 99.89 0.00 11.30
Wind load 235.78 229.11 916.81 36.45 145.95
Water Current force -346.29 8.94 26.13 3.69 10.77

NON-SEISMIC CASE

A HFL / DRY CONDITION B HFL / DRY CONDITION WIND C ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+/-WL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+WCF
Loads FOS Loads FOS Loads FOS

Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35

SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35

Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75

LL 1.50 Wind load 1.50 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 1.15 Water Current force 1.15
Water Current force 1.00
LL 1.50
Braking LL 1.15

SEISMIC CASE
A HFL / DRY CONDITION B ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+Sis. DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-
LL+WCF+DL SEISMIC seismic/Seismic)
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 0.2 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL Seismic 1.5
Seismic LL 1.5
DL Seismic 1.5
WCF 1
 Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1+WCF 5423.26 1639.06 929.55 113.40 10.77
2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2+WCF 5671.98 645.30 1103.66 113.40 10.77
3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Braking LL3+WCF 5194.71 1615.31 1188.28 140.39 10.77
4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Braking LL4+WCF 5269.30 791.85 1270.34 138.67 10.77

HFL Condition
5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Braking LL5+WCF 5498.60 2201.71 1584.22 202.66 10.77

Non Seismic
6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Braking LL6+WCF 5685.33 1166.69 1799.89 198.36 10.77
9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1+WCF+WL(UP) 5069.59 1982.72 2304.76 168.08 229.69
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2+WCF+WL(UP) 5318.32 988.96 2478.87 168.08 229.69
11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Braking LL3+WCF+WL(UP) 4841.04 1958.97 2563.49 195.06 229.69
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Braking LL4+WCF+WL(UP) 4915.63 1135.51 2645.55 193.35 229.69
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Braking LL5+WCF+WL(UP) 5144.93 2545.37 2959.43 257.34 229.69
14 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Braking LL6+WCF+WL(UP) 5331.66 1510.35 3175.10 253.04 229.69
15 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1 5769.55 1630.13 903.42 109.72 0.00
16 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2 6018.27 636.36 1077.53 109.72 0.00
17 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Braking LL3 5541.00 1606.37 1162.15 136.70 0.00
18 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Braking LL4 5615.59 782.91 1244.21 134.98 0.00
DRY Condition
Non Seismic

19 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Braking LL5 5844.89 2192.77 1558.09 198.97 0.00

20 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Braking LL6 6031.62 1157.75 1773.76 194.68 0.00
23 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1+WL(UP) 5415.88 1973.79 2278.63 164.40 218.92
24 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2+WL(UP) 5664.61 980.02 2452.74 164.40 218.92
25 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Braking LL3+WL(UP) 5187.33 1950.03 2537.36 191.38 218.92
26 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Braking LL4+WL(UP) 5261.92 1126.57 2619.42 189.66 218.92
27 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Braking LL5+WL(UP) 5491.22 2536.43 2933.30 253.65 218.92
28 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Braking LL6+WL(UP) 5677.95 1501.41 3148.97 249.36 218.92
29 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5232.32 6435.61 146.59 1263.41 10.77
HFL Condition

30 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5276.28 6303.10 169.80 1263.41 10.77

Longitudinal
Seismic

31 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+Sis. LL3+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5172.11 6438.79 181.08 1268.11 10.77

32 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Br. LL4+Sis. LL4+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5182.05 6328.59 192.02 1267.81 10.77
33 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+Sis. LL5+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5243.06 6531.63 233.87 1278.94 10.77
34 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Br. LL6+Sis. LL6+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5267.95 6392.62 262.63 1278.19 10.77
35 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+DL SEISMIC 5578.61 6426.67 120.46 1259.73 0.00
Dry Condition

36 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+DL SEISMIC 5622.57 6294.17 143.67 1259.73 0.00

Longitudinal
Seismic

37 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+Sis. LL3+DL SEISMIC 5518.40 6429.85 154.95 1264.42 0.00

38 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Br. LL4+Sis. LL4+DL SEISMIC 5528.34 6319.65 165.89 1264.12 0.00
39 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+Sis. LL5+DL SEISMIC 5589.35 6522.70 207.75 1275.25 0.00
40 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Br. LL6+Sis. LL6+DL SEISMIC 5614.24 6383.68 236.50 1274.51 0.00
41 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+DL SEISMIC+WCF 5232.32 252.11 4809.57 22.77 980.38
dislodged Transverse Seismic Transverse Seismic
HFL Condition

42 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+DL SEISMIC+WCF 5276.28 119.61 4848.97 22.77 982.21

43 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+Sis. LL3+DL SEISMIC+WCF 5172.11 255.29 4799.12 27.46 975.30
44 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Br. LL4+Sis. LL4+DL SEISMIC+WCF 5182.05 145.10 4810.06 27.16 975.30
45 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+Sis. LL5+DL SEISMIC+WCF 5243.06 348.14 4896.86 38.29 980.38
46 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Br. LL6+Sis. LL6+DL SEISMIC+WCF 5267.95 209.12 4925.61 37.54 980.38
47 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+DL SEISMIC 5578.61 243.17 4783.44 19.08 969.61
HFL Condition

48 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+DL SEISMIC 5622.57 110.67 4822.84 19.08 971.44

49 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+Sis. LL3+DL SEISMIC 5518.40 246.36 4772.99 23.77 964.52
50 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL4+Br. LL4+Sis. LL4+DL SEISMIC 5528.34 136.16 4783.93 23.48 964.52
51 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+Sis. LL5+DL SEISMIC 5589.35 339.20 4870.73 34.60 969.61
52 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL6+Br. LL6+Sis. LL6+DL SEISMIC 5614.24 200.19 4899.49 33.86 969.61
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-seismic)
One Span

53 4419.55 1291.61 26.13 3.69 10.77