Disciplines and Ideas in

the Social Sciences

Perceived Human Personality and

Rationality towards Solid
 EXPECTATIONS
You will analyze the basic concepts and principles of Psychoanalysis.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 understand the concepts and principles of Psychoanalysis;
 analyze the psychodynamics of the person’s personality in terms of Id, Ego, and
Superego; and
 Interpret personal and social experiences relating to defense mechanism techniques.
Let us start your journey in learning more on Psychoanalysis. I am sure
you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

PRETEST
1. The basic tenets of psychoanalysis include the following EXCEPT:
a. Therapeutic techniques and a set of psychological theories.
b. Man thinks rationally in making choices and decisions in life.
c. The human behavior is largely determined by irrational drives.
d. Attempts to bring drives into awareness lead to defense mechanisms.
2. Which of the following is NOT a part of the personality structure theorized by
Sigmund Freud?
a. Defense mechanism b. Ego c. Id d. Superego
3. Which of the following describes the level of a conscious mind?
a. Opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral restrictions
b. Stores memories, motives and emotions that are very threatening
c. Is visible in the surface whereas the mind lurks mysteriously beneath.
d. Contains memories that are not conscious but can easily be brought to
consciousness.
4. Ms. Reyes saw her two students, Adam and Julius, talking to each other while taking
the test. She told them to stop talking or they will not be allowed to take the test. She
also asked them for the reason of such action. They justified their action by explaining
that Julius was just borrowing a pen from Adam at that time. The students’ action is an
example of .
a. Defense mechanism b. Ego c. Id d. Superego
5. Rico is very thirsty. He wants to drink a glass of cold water, but he doesn't have any
amount of money in his pocket to buy a bottle of drink. He went to the nearest
convenient store and got a bottle of drink without paying it. Rico’s action is a product of
what personality structure?
a. Defense mechanism b. Ego c. Id d. Superego

2
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR
Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to
check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Data Retrieval Chart

In the previous lesson, you studied about the application and importance of the major
Social Science theories. To test your knowledge of the lesson, you must provide the needed
information on the table below.

Directions: Write at least one application and importance of each major Social Science
theory on the table below. Use separate sheet of paper for this activity.

Major Social Science Theories Application Importance

Structural-functionalism

Marxism

Symbolic Interactionism

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The changes of one’s personality are largely affected by the events of early
childhood; and the manner that people behave is influenced by their unconscious drives.
According to Sigmund Freud, a person uses different defense mechanism to defend
himself/herself from the facts restrained in the unconscious mind. For instance,
psychological and emotional problems like anxiety and depression are mostly the cause of
battle between the conscious and unconscious mind. In Psychoanalysis, a psychologist can
use different psychoanalytic strategies that may help carry positive prospect of the
unconscious mind into consciousness. These are some of the concepts relating to the idea of
psychoanalysis. As you go on with the lesson, you will understand more about
Psychoanalysis.

This module will help you understand the basic concepts and principles of
psychoanalysis. Analyze the psychodynamics of the person’s personality in terms of Id, Ego,
and Superego and try to interpret personal and social experiences relating to defense
mechanism techniques.
DISCUSSIONS
Lesson
The Basic Concepts and Principles
1 of Psychoanalysis
The idea of Psychoanalysis is the notion that people have “unconscious mind”
which includes things that are extrinsic or outside of our awareness. These may include early
childhood memories, hidden drives and secret desires. This holds things that may be socially
unacceptable or unpleasant, because these might cause conflict or suffering. These things are
buried in our unconscious mind. They could be outside of our awareness and might keep
influencing our thoughts and actions. Another idea is the “conscious mind” which includes
everything that are intrinsic or inside of our awareness that can easily bring into
consciousness.

PSYCHOANALYSIS

Psychoanalysis is characterized as therapeutic techniques

and set of psychological theories initiated by Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939). He developed the methods of treatment and
general theory of personality. The main cognitive idea of
psychoanalysis is that people have unconscious mind, memories,
feelings, and desires. This introduced a perspective on
psychological illness, which convey that talking with
psychologist about certain problem could relieve a person from
suffering mental distress. Figure 1: Sigmund Freud
https:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/d/d5/Sigmund_Freud

According to Freud, (1949) psychoanalysis method has important corresponding

steps to follow. First, a psychoanalyst collects substantial things which are a product of
patients' free associations, results of transference, dream interpretation, and the patients' slips
and parapraxes. Second, a psychoanalyst starts to give hypotheses about what occurred to
the patients in the past and what is the present occurrence on their day-to-day life. It is also
important that the psychoanalyst gives conclusions which are supported upon their
observations once the patients have arrived with similar conclusions on their own. It is
because when a psychoanalyst discloses their conclusions to patients as early as it was, the
patients may resist and repression happens. When the patients accepted the conclusions, they
recovered (Freud, 1949, p. 57).
THE THREE PERSONALITY STRUCTURES

Freud conceptualized three personality

structures: the id, ego, and superego. The id
includes entirely of the unconscious,
underlying and primal urges present from
birth which operates based on instinct and
pleasure directed. While ego, is the portion of
the personality that deals with the demands of
reality. It aids control and balance on the urges
of the id and makes us act in ways that are
both acceptable and realistic, instead of
satisfying our desires. Figure 2: id ego superego
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Freud123.jpg
Furthermore, the Superego includes our values and ideals. The values that our parents taught
us and the ideals that our society instilled in us are the guiding force of the superego and
its effort to make us behave with accordance to our morals.

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

A defense mechanism is a technique that the ego uses to defend itself from anxiety.
These defensive way acts as a protection when something seems too overpowering or even
improper. Defense mechanisms help keep the information from entering consciousness in
order to lessen distress.

Types of Defense Mechanism

 Rationalization - justification of an unacceptable behavior

 Intellectualization - reasoning to block emotional distress
 Reaction formation - changing unwanted emotions or feelings
 Acting Out – carrying out an extreme behavior
 Projection – transferring the drive or behavior that causes anxiety to others
 Dissociation – separating out of the memories one can’t deal with or doesn’t want
 Compartmentalization – separating part of oneself from awareness of other parts
 Displacement – transferring of negative emotion from one person or thing
 Regression – seeking the safety of an earlier development stage
 Sublimation – diverting intolerable impulse to socially desirable one
 Compensation – balancing apparent weakness by accentuating strength
 Repression – unconscious forgetting of unwanted thought or trauma
 Suppression – conscious type of forgetting to escape from the problem
 Splitting – seeing everything as bad with nothing in between
 Using Humor – directing on funny aspects of a painful situation
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.1. Concept Map

Objective: Understand the concepts and principles of psychoanalysis.

Directions:
1. Complete the concept map by writing inside the small circles some ideas or
concepts about Psychoanalysis.
2. Answer the questions that follow.
3. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.

Psychoanalysis

Guide Questions

1. What are the concepts and principles of psychoanalysis?

2. How do people make decisions based on personality structures id, ego,

and superego?
3. Do you believe that a person uses defense mechanism to defend
himself/herself from anxiety? Why or Why not?

Activity 1.2. Situational Analysis

Objective: Analyze the psychodynamics of the person’s personality in terms of Id, Ego, and Superego.
Directions:
1. Analyze each situation and answer the questions that follow.
2. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Situation 1
While walking towards the school canteen, you saw a student bullying another student. He took
the eyeglasses of another student and run away. The bullied student left crying in the corner. What
will you do? Why?

Situation 2
Your teacher gave the scope of topics included in the second quarterly examination to the students
ahead of time but you forgot to study the lessons the night before the exam. You are not prepared to
take the test and you cannot afford to fail because you have already failed in the first quarter. Your
seatmate offered you to copy some of his/her answers for the test. What will you do? Why?

Situation 3:
You are a new student in the campus. You like to be friends with some popular students in
your class. You approached one of them and introduced yourself. The leader of the group told you
that you have to prove to them first that you truly belong to their company. Then, he gave an
initiation task for you to do. You need to hang out with them in the bar every night and drink hard
liquor. What will you do if you were in this situation? Why?
Activity 1.3. Comic Strip
Objective: Interpret personal and social experiences relating to defense mechanism techniques.
Directions:
1. Create a comic strip about your personal and social experiences related to defense
mechanism technique.
2. Use a short bond paper and available coloring materials for this activity. Be guided
by the rubrics below.
Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible Points
Creativity (artistry) 20 pts.
Content (relevance to the topic)) 15 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, own work) 15 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 10 pts.
Total 60

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Heal As One Dedication Card!
Due to COVID-19 pandemic, the government mandated home quarantine protocols
and social distancing to prevent the spread of virus. Because of these, some people suffer
from mental health problems like anxiety and depression. Your task is to create a dedication
card for them and spread love and happiness in spite of all the crises that we are facing.
Directions:
1. Make one dedication card for the frontliners.
2. Be creative and use available colored papers and coloring materials.
3. Send your dedication card to a frontliner that you know or take a picture of your
output and post it on social media to create social awareness. Be guided by the
rubrics below.
Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible Points
Creativity (artistry) 30 pts.
Organization (presentation of thoughts) 20 pts.
Grammar (correct grammar and spelling) 20 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, own work) 20 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 10 pts.
Total 100

REMEMBER
 Psychoanalysis is characterized as therapeutic techniques and set of psychological
theories. This approach conveys that talking with a psychoanalyst or psychologist
about certain problem could help relieve a person from suffering mental distress.
 Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed the method of treatment and general
theory of personality.
 The unconscious mind comprises things that are extrinsic or outside of our awareness.
These may include early childhood memories, hidden drives and secret desires.
 The conscious mind is everything that is intrinsic or inside of our awareness.
This includes the things that we are aware of or can easily bring into consciousness.
 The three personality structures are the id, ego and superego.
 The “id” includes entirely of the unconscious, underlying and primal urges present
from birth which operates based on instinct and pleasure directed.
 The “ego” is the portion of the personality that deals with the demands of reality. It
aids control and balance on the urges of the id and makes us act in ways that are
both acceptable and realistic.
 The “superego” includes the values that our parents taught us and the ideals
that our society instills in us. These serve as the guiding force of the superego and
its effort to make us behave in accordance to our morals.
 The defense mechanism is a technique that the ego uses to defend itself from
anxiety. This defensive act is a protection to help lessen distress.
 POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following describes the component of the “id” personality
structure?
a. Includes primal urges and operates based on instinct.
b. A technique that the ego uses to defend itself from distress.
c. Opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral restrictions.
d. Operates based on reality, control, and balances the urges of id.
2. Which of the following describes the component of the “ego” personality
structure?
a. Includes primal urges and operates based on instinct.
b. Is a technique that the ego uses to defend itself from distress
c. Opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral restrictions.
d. Operates based on reality, control and balances the urges of id.
3. Which of the following describes the component of the “superego” personality
structure?
a. Opposes the desires of the id by enforcing moral restrictions.
b. Stores memories, motives and emotions that are very threatening.
c. Is visible in the surface, whereas the mind lurks mysteriously beneath.
d. Contains memories that are not conscious but can easily be bring to
consciousness.
4. Upon his arrival from school, Jimmy went directly to their kitchen looking for food to
eat. While eating, he was thinking of playing mobile legend when done eating. A
moment later, he remembered that Mr. Santos gave an assignment on that day. So, he
did the assignment first before playing mobile legend. What personality structure
operates when Jimmy decided to do his assignment before playing mobile games?
a. Defense mechanism c. Id
b. Ego d. Superego
5. Kayla goes to the school canteen to buy student meal. She counts right away the
change that the cashier gave to her and notices that there are excess amount in her
change. So, she tells the cashier about it and gives back the excess amount of money.
Kayla shows what personality structure?
a. Defense mechanism c. Id
b. Ego d. Superego
 Lesson
The Basic Concepts and Principles
2 of Rational Choice

EXPECTATIONS

You will analyze the basic concepts and principles of Rational Choice.
Specifically, this module will help you to
 understand the concepts and principles of Rational Choice;
 predict the social consequences of making decision and action; and
 interpret personal and social experiences relating to rational choice.

Let us start your journey in learning more on Rational Choice. I am sure

you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following describes rational choice theory?

a. Sees society as a competition for limited resources.

b. Society has interdependent and interconnected parts.
c. Therapeutic techniques and set of psychological theories.
d. Individual action is based on their conduct on logical process.

2. Which of the following tells about how a person acts and makes choices?

a. A person acts based on set of psychological processes.

b. The purpose of any human action contributes to social instability.
c. People act as they think on their action has much profit than costs.
d. The purpose of human action is always for resources such as food, clothing,
and shelter.

3. Which of the following states criticism about rational choice theory?

a. Founded on man’s goals and decisions determined their conduct.

 b. Cannot justify why several people follow social norms of conduct.
c. Can be used to know why a person behaves or acts the way he does.
d. Affirmed that behavior and social life of a person can be explained.

4. Which of the following described decision making based on scarcity?

a. Includes primal urges and operates based on instinct.

b. A technique that a person uses to defend itself from distress.
c. Corresponds to the profits a person can have on best alternative.
d. Opposes the desires of the person by enforcing moral restrictions.

5. Which of the following situations show rational choice?

a. Buy LV bag even if it’s expensive since it’s popularly use by celebrities.
b. Choose branded products over local products with the same quality.
c. Take engineering in college even you are not good in Math and Science.
d. Take nursing in college and earn money before pursuing medical doctor
course.
 e. Corresponds to the profits a person can have on best alternative.
f. Opposes the desires of the person by enforcing moral restrictions.
6. Which of the following situations show rational choice?
a. Buy LV bag even if it’s expensive since it’s popularly use by celebrities.
b. Choose branded products over local products with the same quality.
c. Take engineering in college even you are not good in Math and Science.
d. Take nursing in college and earn money before pursuing medical doctor
course.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR

LESSON
Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to
check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Word Puzzle Hunt

In the previous lesson, you have learned about the basic concepts and principles of
psychoanalysis. Before we start our new lesson, let’s have a puzzle game.
Directions: Read each item and look for the word each item describes in the puzzle.
Write the correct word for each item on a 1/4 sheet of paper.

1. Includes entirely of the unconscious and underlying primal urges present from
birth and it operates based on instinct.
2. The portion of the personality that deals with the demands of reality. It aids control
and balances on the urges of the id and makes us act in ways that are both
acceptable and realistic.
3. Includes our values and ideals to make us behave in accordance to our morals.
4. A professional, who studies about human behavior, conducts scientific studies,
observes and interviews individuals who suffer from psychological problems or
illness.
5. Therapeutic techniques and set of psychological theories initiated by
Sigmund Freud.
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Have you ever thought of how a person makes important decisions in life? What are
the things that a person considers before making any decision in his/her life? Rational choice
theory will help you understand why a person takes certain actions that way. The rational
choice theory believes that the behavior and social life of a person as a whole can be
formulated through the person’s rational choices.

As you go on with the lesson, you will understand the basic concepts and principles of
rational choice theory. This will also guide you to predict social consequences of decision,
and to help you interpret personal and social experiences using rational choice.

DISCUSSIONS
RATIONAL CHOICE
The Rational Choice Theory or RCT emerged during behavioral revolution in
American Political Science between 1950s and 1960s (Ward 2002). Positivists greatly
influenced this theory specifically August Comte (1798-1857) on his works in the 19 th
century and the Vienna Circle of logical positivism in 1920s. Behaviorists follow the
perspectives of positivism close to the natural explanation of empirical theory in which
behaviorists consider the following: (1) observable behavior should be the concentration of
analysis; and (2) any explanation of that behavior should be susceptible to empirical testing
(Sanders, 2002).

Rational Choice affirmed that the behavior and social life of a person as a whole can
be explained through a person’s rational choices. This approach can be used to know why a
person behaves or acts the way s/he does. The rational choice fundamental assumption is that
an individual action is based on their conduct on logical process. They take action with
reason when making choices. Their choices are intended for their pleasure or gain.

In Rational Choice, social norms and moral considerations are not part of the notion
of the human actions. The human person nature is egocentric and primarily concerns to self-
interest. Consciences or moral views are not part of conceptual attention. Anyhow, such
thoughts would simply be understood as integrated into person’s inclinations, and not part of
a multi-value communally shared complex. As a whole, matter of morality and ethical
conduct have to be elevated and examined outside rational choice. However, human are
moral beings; Moral thoughts come into a person’s decision and courses of action. A
person’s relations stimulate concepts of objectivity, righteousness and the human purpose
as foundations of moral obligation. An example of this is the adherence of a church group to
other’s expectation of helping the poor and the homeless.
MAKING DECISION AND ACTION

Rational choice theory is the perspective that people act as they do, since they think
that acting on their chosen human activity has much profit than costs. That is, a person does
rational choices founded on their goals, and those decisions determine their conduct. Several
sociologists use rational choice theory to justify social change. For them, social change
happen because man have made rational choices. In Economics, opportunity cost
corresponds the profits of an individual when choosing one’s best alternative over another.
Same thing can be applied when making “decisions based on scarcity” of resources. The fact
that many people wanted those things, made those things insufficient and they settled on the
alternatives with the same or more value. In this situation, rational choice applied after an
individual weighs the cost and benefits of those choices.

On the other hand, Rational Choice Theory has been criticized for its enormously
impractical conventions about human action. The following are some of the critiques of
RCT: (1) The element that social norms, linkages, institutions, and the processes of
socialization influence how an individual makes choices and acts;
(2) A person’s behavior is influenced in many aspects, situations or problems surrounding
him/her. Also, the moral significances and discourses related with their characters and
relations; (3) People follow norms of reciprocity, righteousness, and selflessness which
explicitly developed their behavior; and (4) People are controlled by their culture,
institutions, and roles so as to behave, think, and act the way he/she does.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Symbolism
Objective: Understanding of the concepts and principles of rational choice
Directions:
1. Think of something that may symbolize or show rational choice.
2. Draw the symbol on a short bond paper and use available coloring materials.
3. Write a short explanation about the symbol that you draw.
Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible Points
Creativity (Artistry) 10 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, own work) 7 pts.
Organization (presentation of thoughts) 5 pts.
Grammar (correct grammar and spelling) 5 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 3 pts.
Total 30 pts.
Activity 1.2. Think and Decide
Objective: Predict the social consequences of making decision.
Directions:
1. Put yourself in the given situations and think of your decisions based on the given
options and its consequences.
2. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Situations and Options Decision Consequences

1. You recently graduated in the Senior High
school. Now, you are thinking what course you
are going to take in college. You have the
following choices. What will you choose? Why?
A. Take Education because you like children
and your mother is also a teacher.
B. Take Medicine because you dream of
becoming a doctor but your parents cannot
afford the finances.

2. You already graduated in BS Nursing and got

your licensed. You are now ready to work. You
have these options. What will you choose?
Why?
A. Work at a public hospital in the
country to serve my fellowmen
B. Work abroad for better salary
3. You earned an exact amount of money to buy
your sister a cellphone for her birthday. You
have the two options below. What will you
choose? Why?
A. Buy a brand-new Android phone.
B. Buy second-hand iPhone.

Activity 1.3. Just Essay

Objective: Interpret personal and social experiences relating to rational choice.
Directions:
1. Recall one important decision you have made in your life.
2. Write a short essay about it.
3. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.
Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible Points
Content (ideas, facts, information) 10 pts.
Organization (presentation of thoughts) 7 pts.
Grammar (correct grammar and spelling) 5 pts.
Originality (not copy paste) 5 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 3 pts.
Total 30
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Mind Mapping
In our lesson, you have learned about the basic concepts and principles of “Rational
Choice Theory.” Show your creativity and critical thinking skills by creating a mind map
about your understanding of the lesson.

Directions:
1. Create a mind map about the concepts and principles of rational choice.
2. Use your creativity and critical thinking skills.
3. Use a short bond paper and available coloring materials.

Rubrics

Criteria Highest Possible Points

Creativity (Artistry) 10 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, own work) 7 pts.
Organization (presentation of thoughts) 5 pts.
Grammar (correct grammar and spelling) 5 pts.
Timeliness (submitted on time) 3 pts.
Total 30 pts.

REMEMBER
 Rational Choice Theory emerged during behavioral revolution in American political
science between 1950s and 1960s (Ward 2002). Positivists greatly influenced this
theory, specifically August Comte (1798-1857), in his works in the 19th century and
the Vienna Circle of logical positivism in in 1920s.
 Rational choice fundamental assumes that an individual action is based on their
conduct on logical process. They take action with reason when making choices. Their
choices are inclined to their pleasure or gain.
 This approach can be used to know why a person behaves or acts the way he
does. People act as they do since they think that acting on their chosen human
activity has much profit than costs. That is, a person does rational choices founded on
their goals, and the decision making determine their conduct.
 POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. All of the following constitute the meaning of rational choice EXCEPT one:
a. Take action with reason when making choices.
b. Therapeutic techniques and set of psychological theories.
c. Used to know why a person behaves or acts the way he/she does.
d. People act as they think on their action has much profit than costs.
2. Which of the following tells about the rational choice of making action?
a. Take choices based on the consensus of people around.
b. Therapeutic techniques and set of psychological theories.
c. Used to know why a person behaves or acts the way he/she does.
d. People act as they think on their action has much profit than costs.
3. Which is NOT a criticism of rational choice theory?
a. Do not convey the conducts that are unselfish or selfless.
b. Can’t explain and take appropriate account of the existence of bigger social
structures.
c. Affirmed that the behavior and social life of a person can be explained
through a person’s rational choices.
d. Cannot justify why several people follow social norms of conduct that lead
them to do things unselfishly.
4. Which of the following predicts the social consequences of decision making based on
scarcity?
a. Includes primal urges and operates based on instinct.
b. A technique that a person uses to defend itself from distress.
c. Corresponds to the profits a person can have on best alternative.
d. Opposes the desires of the person by enforcing moral restrictions.
5. Which of the following situations show rational choice?
a. Buy iPhone rather than Android phone with the same value.
b. Patronize Pinoy rice with much more quality over commercial rice
c. Watch pirated movie at home rather than watching it on theater.
d. Choose branded products over local products with the same quality.
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name Grade and Section
School: Date: Subj. Teacher:

MELC: Analyze the basic concepts and principles of social science ideas

Objectives:
1. Appreciate the value of Psychoanalysis as a treatment used for mental
problems/illness
2. Create a journal entry applying the basic concepts and principles of
Psychoanalysis in preventing mental health problems/illness during
COVID-19 Pandemic.
Topic: Psychoanalysis

Journal Entry

Directions: Write a journal entry on how we can take care good care of our mental health during
this current situation that we are facing due to the pandemic, COVID-19, to prevent mental
illness like anxiety and depression. Write your journal entry on a separate sheet of paper. You
may read news articles or surf the internet about having a good mental health despite of COVID-
19 Pandemic.

Criteria for the written output:

Content (in-depth and comprehensive) - 15 points
Organization (presentation of thought) - 10 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) - 5 points
Total: 30 points
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name Grade and Section
School: Date: Subj. Teacher:

MELC: Analyze the basic concepts and principles of social science ideas
Objectives:
1. Appreciate the value of rational choice as one of the social science idea
2. Create a journal entry applying the basic concepts and principles of
rational choice in in predicting the social consequences of decision making
in this time of crisis because of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Topic: Rational Choice

Journal Entry

Directions: Create a journal entry applying the basic concepts and principles of rational choice in
predicting the social consequences of decision making in this time of crisis that we are
facing because of COVID-19 Pandemic. Write your journal entry on a separate sheet of paper.
You may read news articles or surf the internet about the COVID-19 crisis in the Philippines.

Criteria for the written output:

Content (in-depth and comprehensive) - 15 points

Organization (presentation of thought) - 10 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) - 5 points
Total: 30 points