INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS (TAKE A LOOK)
1. TRIGONOMETRY---A branch of mathematics in which we study the relationships between the sides and
angles of a triangle, is called trigonometry.
2. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS -----Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle in a right triangle express the
relationship between the angle and length of its sides.
Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle in a right angled triangle ---
For ∠ β, sinβ= AB/ AC, cosβ = BC/AC, tanβ= AB/BC
Cosecβ = AC/AB, secβ= AC/BC, cotβ = BC/AB
3. Relationship between different trigonometric ratios
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4. Trigonometric Identity---- An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle is called a
trigonometric identity if it is true for all values of the angle.
Important trigonometric identities:
(i) sin2 + cos2 =1
(ii) 1 + tan2 = sec2
(iii) 1 +cot2 = cosec2
5. Trigonometric Ratios of some specific angles.
0o 30o 45o 60o 90o
sin 0 ½ 1/2 3/2 1
cos 1 3/2 1/2 1/2 0
tan 0 1/3 1 3 Not defined
cot Not 3 1 1/3 0
defined
sec 1 2/3 2 2 Not defined
cosec Not 2 2 2/3 1
defined
6. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.
(i) sin (90o - ) = cos
(ii) cos (90o - ) = sin
(iii) tan (90o - ) = cot
(iv) cot (90o - ) = tan
(v) sec (90o - ) = cosec
(vi) cosec (90o - ) = sec
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Level – I
1. If θ and 3θ-30° are acute angles such that sinθ=cos (3θ-30°), then find the value of tanθ.
2. Find the value of
3. Find the value of (sinθ+cosθ) ²+ (cosθ-sinθ) ²
4. If tanθ= then find the value of cos²θ-sin²θ
5. If secθ+tanθ=p, then find the value of secθ-tanθ
6. Change sec⁴θ-sec²θ in terms of tanθ.
7. Prove that sin3α +cos3α
+ Sinα cosα= 1 (CBSE 2009)
Sinα +cosα
8. In a triangle ABC, it is given that < C= 90˚ and tanA=1/√3, find the value of (sinA cosB +cosA sinB)
(CBSE 2008)
9. Find the value of cosec267˚- tan223˚.
10. Ifcos x=cos60° cos30°+sin60° sin30°, then find the value of x
11. If 0°≤ x ≤90° and 2sin²x=1/2, then find the value of x
12. Find the value of cosec²30°-sin²45°-sec²60°
13. Simplify (secθ+tanθ) (1-sinθ)
14. Prove that cosA/ (1-sinA) +cosA/ (1+sinA) =2secA
Level – II
1. If secα=5/4 then evaluate tanα/ (1+tan²α).
2
2. If A+B =90°, then prove that√𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴.𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴.𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
− 2 = tanA
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
3. If 7 sin2A +3 cos2A= 4, show that tanA =1/√3. (CBSE 2008)
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4. Prove that .+ = 2cosecA
5. Prove that (sinθ+cosecθ) ² + (cosθ+secθ) ² =7+tan²θ+cot²θ. (CBSE 2008, 2009C)
6. Evalute --
7. Find the value of sin30˚ geometrically.
8. If tan (A-B) =√3, and sinA =1, then find A and B.
9. If θ is an acute angle and sinθ=cosθ, find the value of 3tan²θ + 2sin²θ – 1.
10. If cosθ + sin θ = 1 and sinθ – cosθ = 1, prove that x²/a² + y²/b² = 2.
11. Provethat = tanθ.
Level - III
1. Evaluate the following: - sin²25° + sin²65° + (tan5° tan15° tan30° tan75° tan85°)
2. If = m, and = n, show that (m²+n²) cos²β = n². (CBSE 2012)
3. Prove that tan²θ + cot²θ + 2 = cosec²θ sec²θ
4. If cosθ + sinθ = √2 cos θ, then show that (cosθ-sinθ) = √2 sinθ.
(CBSE 1997, 2002, 2007)
5. Prove that (sinθ+secθ) ² + (cosθ + cosecθ) ² = (1+secθ cosecθ) ².
6. Prove that sinθ/ (1-cosθ) + tanθ/ (1+cosθ) = secθcosecθ + cotθ.
7. If x = asinθ and y = btanθ. Prove that a2/x2 – b2/y2 = 1.
8. Prove that sin 6θ + cos6θ = 1- 3sin2θcos2θ.
9. Prove that (secθ+tanθ – 1)/ (tanθ – secθ+1) = cosθ/ (1 – sinθ).
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10. Prove that (1 +cotθ - cosec θ) (1+tanθ+secθ) = 2 (CBSE 2005, 07, 08)
11.Evaluate -
12. If sinθ +cosθ =m and secθ+ cosecθ =n, then prove that n (m2 – 1) =2m.
Self-Evaluation
1. If a cosθ + b sinθ = c, then prove that asinθ – bcosθ = ∓
2. If A,B,C are interior angles of triangle ABC, show that cosec²( ) - tan² = 1.
3. Ifsinθ + sin²θ + sin³θ = 1, prove that cos⁶θ – 4cos⁴θ + 8cos²θ = 4.
4. IftanA = ntanB, sinA = msinB, prove that cos²A = (m² - 1)/(n²-1).
5. Evaluate: secθcosec (90°- θ) – tanθ cot (90° - θ) + sin²55°+ sin²35°
tan10˚tan20˚tan60˚tan70˚tan80˚
6. If secθ + tanθ=p, prove that sinθ = (p²-1)/ (p²+1).
7. Prove that - = - .
8. Prove that: + = sinθ + cosθ
9. Prove that = .
10. Prove that(1 + cosθ + sinθ) / (1+ cosθ – sinθ) = (1 + sinθ)/ cosθ
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