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Bài 3 IMO 2021 (C A Proposer Mykhailo Shtandenko)

This document summarizes the proof that for any acute scalene triangle ABC, circles constructed by passing through two variable points D and E inside the triangle and a third point will all pass through a single fixed point, independently of where D is located. The proof uses several claims: points B,F,E,C are concyclic; the ratio of powers of T with respect to segments is equal to the ratio of powers of D; inverting maps the circle through D,E to the circumcircle of triangle ADC; and points D,K,E,X are concyclic, where X is the intersection of the perpendicular bisector of BC with AC. Combining these claims proves there is a fixed point X where

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93 views3 pages

Bài 3 IMO 2021 (C A Proposer Mykhailo Shtandenko)

This document summarizes the proof that for any acute scalene triangle ABC, circles constructed by passing through two variable points D and E inside the triangle and a third point will all pass through a single fixed point, independently of where D is located. The proof uses several claims: points B,F,E,C are concyclic; the ratio of powers of T with respect to segments is equal to the ratio of powers of D; inverting maps the circle through D,E to the circumcircle of triangle ADC; and points D,K,E,X are concyclic, where X is the intersection of the perpendicular bisector of BC with AC. Combining these claims proves there is a fixed point X where

Uploaded by

Quang Le
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Problem

Point D is chosen inside fixed acute scalene triangle ABC such that ∠BAD = ∠DAC. Point E is constructed
on segment AC such that ∠ADE = ∠DCB and point F is constructed on segment AB such that ∠ADF =
∠DBC. Circle ω is constructed such that ω passes through points D and E and the line through centers
of ω and circumcircle of 4ADC, EF and BC are concurrent. Prove that independently from the choice of
point D, all circles ω pass through fixed point.

1
2 Solution
Solution 1. Claim 1: Points B, F, E, C are concyclic.
Proof: Let Q be isogonal conjugate to point D with respect to 4ABC. Since ∠BAD = ∠DAC, Q lies on AD.
Then ∠QBA = ∠DBC = ∠F DA, so points Q, D, F, B are concyclic. Analogously, QCA = ∠DCB = ∠ADE
and points Q, D, E, C are concyclic. Thus, by power of point, AF · AB = AD · AQ = AE · AC, which proves
the claim.

Claim 2: If T = EF ∩ BC then T D2 = T B · T C = T F · T E.
Proof: Via some angle chasing using previous claim we will prove that circumcircles of triangles DEF and
BDC are tangent, which together with the previous claim by radical axes and power of point will be sufficent
to prove this claim. Indeed, ∠BDF = ∠AF D − ∠ABD = (180◦ − ∠F AD − ∠F DA) − (∠ABC − ∠DBC) =
180◦ − ∠DAE − ∠F EA = ∠F ED + ∠ADE = ∠F ED + ∠DCB, which proves desired tangency, because
tangents at D to these circumcircles will coincide due to this equality.

Claim 3: Let M be the Miquel’s point of quadrilateral BCF E, and let circumcircles of triangles M BD
and ADC intersect second time at K. Then ω = (KDE).
Proof: Since BF EC is cyclic, M lies on T A, moreover T M · T A = T F · T E = T B · T C = T D2 . Thus under
inversion centred at T and radius T D M goes to A, and B goes to C, which implies that circumcircle of
4M BD goes to circumcircle of 4ADC, so second point of intersection of these circles lies on the circle of
inversion, i. e. K lies on circle centred at T with radius T D, so T K = T D. Then, clearly, circumcircle of
4KDE passes through points D and E and its center lies on line which connects T with circumcenter of
4ADC, since these 3 points lie on perpendicular bisector of KD, as desired.

Claim 4: Let X be the point of intersection of perpendicular bisector of BC with line AC. Then points
D, K, E, X are concyclic.
Proof: Since M lies on the circumcircle of 4ABC, by radical axes, BM, DK and AC are concurrent at
some point P . Also M lies on circumcircle of 4AEF , thus ∠(EX, XB) = ∠(CX, XB) = ∠(XC, BC) +
∠(BC, BX) = 2∠ACB = ∠ACB + ∠AF E = ∠(AM, BM ) + ∠(EM, M A) = ∠(EM, BM ), so M EXB is
cyclic. Therefore P E · P X = P M · P B = P K · P D, so points E, K, D, X are cyclic.

Combining claims 3 and 4 we get the desired result and X is fixed point.
Comment 1. The alternative way of proving second claim instead of angle chasing is isogonal lemma for
angle BDE and isogonals DF and DC which proves that T D is tangent to the circumcircle of 4BDC.
Comment 2. If K coincides with D then ω is the circle with center on line T D which passes through D
and E and solution is similar.

2
Figure 1:

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