CHAPTER

II

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

28
 CONTENT
2.1 INTRODUCTION 30
2.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31
2.2.1 METHODOLOGY 31
2.2.2 JURISDICTION OF RESEARCH 31
2.2.3 PERIOD OF THE RESEARCH 31
2.2.4 COLLECTION OF DATA 31
2.3 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR 35
STUDY
2.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 35
2.5 OBJECTIVES 36
2.6 HYPOTHESES 37
2.7 VARIABLE DEFINITIONS 37
2.7.1 ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF 37
TOURISM BUSINESS
2.7.2 PRICE LEVELS 37
2.7.3 PROMOTION 37
2.7.4 QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF 38
SERVICES
2.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 38
2.9 CHAPTER SCHEME OF THE STUDY 39
2.10 RESEARCH DEFINITION 40
2.11 HYPOTHESES PREPARATION 40
2.12 MAIN HYPOTHESES 43
2.13 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 43
2.14 PERIOD OF THE STUDY 47

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2.1) INTRODUCTION:

Research methodology has been defined as the application of science-

based procedures with a view to acquiring solutions to a number of research
questions (Adams & Schvaneveldt 1991). A research methodology supplies
the necessary tools to aid in the carrying out of a research, whose goal is to
obtain the needed information. A research methodology entails the whole
conceptualization process, an observation of the problems that needs to be
studied, research questions formulation, the collection of data, data analysis,
and the eventual generation of the research findings. Nevertheless, there are
a number of authors who have come up with alternative methods of research
(Ghauri et al., 1995; Yin 1994). The availability of literature as regards the
methods of research assists in the process of classifying the suitable and
appropriate methods necessary to conduct a specific kind of research.
Moreover, Ghauri et al (1995) opine that the method often selected for use in
a given research study is determined by the objectives and problems that
such a research presents.

Furthermore, selecting a desirable method of research is determined by the

context of the potential research. In addition, the availability of adequate
literature material to warrant such a study shall also determine the research
method that will be adopted for a given research study, so that the relevant
topic can be adequately assessed. In a situation where this does not happen,

30
then there will be a need for conducting further studies so as to fill in the
remaining gap.

2.2) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

2.2.1) Methodology: this research is descriptive type of researches for this

research survey method is used to collect the necessary data of research

2.2.2) Jurisdiction of Research: Pune city and that is companies tourism in

Pune city

2.2.3) Period of the Research: The researcher has selected a period of 5

years: from 2002-2003 to 2007-2008.

2.2.4) Collection of Data:

According to the character of the subject of each research, there is

specific method for each research, but all of scientific researches follow
logical way.

Study different references concerning the study and thinking about

them. The research is done through deductive and inductive methods.
Therefore, the method of this research is the combination of library study for
research foundation and a survey study method is used for applying the
model of research.

The researcher use primary and secondary sources of the data collection as
follows:

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1) PRIMARY SOURCES:

The researcher shall use interview and questionnaire method for

collection of primary data. This is the first hand information the researcher
will collect primary data through survey, interview and questionnaire.

1) Interview method: interview of various respondents

A) Tourism Companies:

Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र

पर्यटन विकास महामंडळ), commonly abbreviated as MTDC, is a body of the

Government of Maharashtra responsible for development of tourism in the

Indian state of Maharashtra. It has been established under the Companies
Act, 1956, (fully owned by Govt. of Maharashtra) for systematic
development of tourism on commercial lines, with an authorized share
capital of Rs. 25 crores.

B) Hotels :

Hotels provide accommodation, meals and refreshments for irregular

periods of time for those who may reserve their accommodation either in
advance or on the premises. In broad terms, hotels provide facilities to meet
the needs of the modern traveler. The dictionaries define hotel in several
ways; ‗a place which supplies board and lodging‘, ‗a place for the

32
entertainment of the travelers‘, ‗large city house of distinction‘, and ‗a public
building‖.

C) View Tourists in Pune:

The main data collection instrument for second hypothesis is
questionnaire. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed after reviewing
the relevant literature. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions, which
were carefully designed to collect relevant data. So, the researcher sent
questionnaire for 195 tourists. During the questionnaire launching, 150
questionnaires were completed and returned.

2) Questioner Method:
We have three kinds of questioners such as two kinds of them for tourists
and one of them for top management and middle management of tourism
companies.

3) Observation Method:

MTDC: The first questionnaire consisted of 21 questions, which were

carefully designed to collect relevant data (these questions consist the effect
of administrative system of MTDC and TAAI on provided services quality
by hotels and tourist agencies).

TAAI: Travel Agents Association of India (TAAI) was formed

towards the end of the year 1951, by a group of twelve leading Travel
agents, who felt that the time had come to create an Association to regulate
the Travel industry in India.
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 HOTEL: The institution of hotel had its beginning in the early
fourteenth century. The first hotel in the classical sense, the forerunner of the
present day existing complex unit, is said to have been created in Paris, in
the year 1312. Other similar hotels were soon established in France, Holland,
Italy, Germany and many other countries.

TOURISM COMPANIES: The role of the travel agent is vital to the

success of the tourism industry as it is the travel agent who is responsible for
identifying the traveler`s expectations and ensuring that the destination
visited will have the services required at a standard desired by the traveler.

TABLE NO: 2.1

Classify the sample techniques

Classify the sample techniques numbers

Travel agency 30

Hotels 50

Passengers 100

2) SECONDARY SOURCES:

The researcher shall collect secondary data from following source:

1. Annual reports of government.

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2. Economic publications.

3. Economic data based.

4. Newspapers and journals.

5. Internet.

6. TAAI

2.3) TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR STUDY:

At the outset, the topic under the consideration for research may
require simple financial and static's techniques like ratio analysis, trend
analysis, co relation analysis, regression analysis, f-test and ANOVA ,etc. in
addition to these techniques, suitable techniques for collapsing. The
qualitative data will also be used. Nevertheless, the final decision regarding
the suitability of a particular tool or technique will be decided once the data
and its relevance are known.

2.4) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

Today the tourism industry due to creating high incomes for the host
countries has become a profitable industry, for this reason the host countries
has invested a lot in creating required infra-structures.

The overall development of any country depends especially on the

improvement of road, vehicles, communication, water supply, airports and
railway stations. Economic progress and industry development depend
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completely on the overall development of country. And tourism plays a
major role in this overall infrastructural advancement. Tourism helps
agriculture and other industries directly and indirectly.

The following examples show the importance of tourism in the Indian

economy:

1. Tourism industry can generate jobs.

2. Foreign tourists buy more things.
3. Total income from this smokeless industry in India is more and that is
again without any factory.

Hence the researcher has selected this issue to discuss and the title of the
present study is ―A STUDY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF
TOURISM COMPANIES IN PUNE CITY‖

2.5) OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the effect of price levels on attract of tourism in India specially

Pune city.

2. To study the role of promotion policies to attract of tourism in India

specially Pune city.

3. To study the effect of quantity and quality of services on attract of tourism

in India specially Pune city.

4. To take a broad review of management system of tourism business in

India.
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2.6) HYPOTHESES:

1. Administrative system of tourism companies have a definite impact on

the quality of services offered by the company.

2. The qualitative dimension of tourism is influence by the administrative

system.

3. There is a definitive position correlation between administrative system

and tourism respond to particular tourism operator.

2.7) VARIABLE DEFINITIONS:

2.7.1) Administrative System of Tourism Business:

In tourism industry the competition is one of the main issues.
Market of tourism includes comparison of tourism demand and supply
which this happens through activities of management of travel
agencies and other authorities related to this industry. The issue of
management and coordination's for improvement of the quality of
demand and supply create very tough competition in this industry.

2.7.2) Price Levels: Price level is a major factor that could directly
affect the attractiveness of a particular destination as changes in tourism
prices influence the amount of tourist expenditure.

2.7.3) Promotion: Promotion is one of the four elements of marketing

mix (product, price, promotion, distribution). It is the communication link

37
between sellers and buyers for the purpose of influencing informing, or
persuading a potential buyer's purchasing decision.

2.7.4) Quantity and Quality of Services: The quality and quantity

of service involved with tourism plays an important role in the process of
delivery and thus is the standard used to assess the effectiveness of a
particular leisure service agency, including the tourism service sector.

2.8) LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

The tourism is an emerging area of research. Since economic reforms

of 1991, the global tourism has produced a demonstration effect and created
new status of business entity. Accordingly, Indian government has given the
priority for development of tourism industry as a service sector.

This being a new developing industry, the concepts, methods products, and
practices are a new and innovative. However, central and state governments
are making organizational, promotional and marketing mix efforts for
expanding its market coverage. Therefore, researcher has mounting
difficulties in collecting the relevant literature on the subject. Moreover, the
area has been remained neglected of research. The secondary source of data
and information are also too available. Therefore, the input of research
probes collected by researcher thought filed visits and personal interviews
and interactions with tourists and Tourists Company and hotels. This
research study has the time frame coverage of study for the period 2002-
2003 to 2007-2008.

38
However, attempts have been made to incorporate the current scenario of
tourism to a possible extent. The coverage of the research study in limited to
the emerging scenario of tourism in Pune district.

1. This study limited to the Pune city.

2. The study period is only 6 years from 2002-2003 to 2007-2008.

2.9) CHAPTER SCHEME OF THE STUDY:

This study consisted of eight chapters: in chapter two, the researcher use
interview and questionnaire method for collection of primary data. In chapter
three the researcher explains about types of tourism and explains about the
growth and travel agencies and hotels in attract of types of tourism. In
chapter four presents an overview of the literature that related to the topic
under investigation. In chapter five the researcher introduced pune city and
chooses fifty hotels and thirty travel agents as tourism companies in the pune
city. In Chapter six, explains static's techniques like ratio analysis, trend
analysis, co relation analysis, regression analysis, f-test and ANOVA, etc,
use for data analyses. In Chapter seven presents the statistical analysis,
results of the data analysis and hypotheses test and chapter eight present the
major and important conclusion based on the study.

1) chapter one: introduction

2) chapter two: research methodology
3) chapter three: growth of travelling and tourism business
4) chapter four: review of literature
5) chapter five: profile of tourism companies in pune city
39
6) chapter six: statistical methods of data analysis
7) chapter seven: statistical analyses of data testing of the hypothesis
8) chapter eight: findings, conclusions, suggestions and
recommendations

2.10) RESEARCH DEFINITION:

Kothari (2004) defines that the research is an original contribution to

the existing stock of knowledge making for its development. The systematic
approach concerning generalizations and formulation of a theory is also
research. As such the term ‗research‘ refers to the systematic method
consisting of enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting
the data, analyzing the facts and reaching certain conclusions either in the
form of solutions towards the concerned problem or in certain generation for
some theoretical formulation. According to Greenfield (1996), research is an
art aided by skills of inquiry, experimental design, data collection,
measurement and analysis, by interpretation, and by presentation. A further
skill, which can be acquired and developed, is creativity or invention. Also
Noltingk (1965) believes that research is in essence an investigation into
processes. Therefore a research is the finding of answers related to the
questions. It is a systematic search for truth, finding new knowledge about
our word through combination of ideas and facts.

2.11) HYPOTHESES PREPARATION:

A hypothesis is a formal question derived from the formulating

problem under the study or a hypothesis is a proposition that is put to test in
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research. The test of hypothesis involves a process of finding out if a given
hypothesis is true or not. When carrying out a hypothesis test, we have four
steps that are involved (Kohler, 1994)
- Formulating two opposing hypothesis
- Selecting a test statistic
- Deriving a decision rule
- Taking a sample, computing the test statistic and confronting it with the
decision rule.
 Formulating two opposing hypothesis:
Usually, the first step is to formulate the two opposing hypothesis. Ho stands
for the null hypothesis, which describes the normal case of what people have
long conceived to be true. It is a statement that assumes to be true unless you
have statistical evidence to disprove it. Hl stands for the alternative
hypothesis, which is the opposite of the null hypothesis. It takes into account
all the statements that are not covered by Ho.
 Selecting a test statistic:
A test statistic is calculated from a simple random sample that is gotten from
a population of interest in the hypothesis test, which is used to formulate the
probable truth (Kohler, 1994).
 Deriving a decision rule:
The decision rule helps us to know the circumstances under which a null
hypothesis can either be rejected or accepted. When the null hypothesis is
rejected automatically the alternative hypothesis is accepted (A.D. Aczel
1993). Parameters like the number of observations, standard deviation and
the confidence interval is considered when deriving the decision rule. To
avoid the error of rejecting what is true a significance level is set up and it is

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represented as (a) . It can take values such as 0.01, 0.05. Probability of (a)
can be written as:
 =Probability (Reject Ho /Accept Ho)
Whatever value you place on (a) will determine the decision rule you will
have to use when rejecting the null hypothesis. When carrying out a
statistical hypothesis test, the decision rule used could for example be made
up of comparing the calculated t-value with the value, which clearly
demarcates the region of rejection and acceptance. The null hypothesis is not
accepted with significance _ when the t-value is found in the area of
rejection. The area of rejection is made in a way that the parameter to be
investigated has a chance (a) to end up in the rejection area if the null
hypothesis is true (Alm et al, 1999).
 Taking a sample, computing the test statistic and confronting it with the
decision rule:
The last stage involves selecting a simple random sample of the size of the
population of your choice. Then compute the actual value of the test statistic
and confront the findings with the decision rules (Anderson et al, 1999).
There are so many questions which does Administrative system of tourism
companies have a definite impact on the quality of services offered by the
company? Are the services qualitative dimensions of tourism influence by
the administrative system? Is there a significant relationship between the
price level and the tourist‘s satisfaction?
For this purpose, three hypotheses are hypothesized.

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2.12) MAIN HYPOTHESES:

1. Administrative system of tourism companies has a definite impact on the

quality of services offered by the company.
2. The services qualitative dimension of tourism is influence by the
administrative system.
3. There is a significant relationship between the price level and the tourist‘s
satisfaction.

2.13) SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

Sample Selection:
This study is primarily based on the data area of which is confined to
the whole jurisdiction of the three groups in Pune city. In tourism industry
the competition is one of the main issues. Market of tourism includes
comparison of tourism demand and supply which this happens through
activities of management of travel agencies and other authorities related to
this industry. The issue of management and coordination‘s for improvement
of the quality of demand and supply create very tough competition in this
industry. In this study, the researcher selects three different groups as
samples that consist of travel agencies, hotels and passengers.

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 Table 2.2: sample descriptive for hypotheses test.
Hypotheses Sample

First hypothesis test 50 hotels and 30 tourism agencies

Second hypothesis test 150 tourist

Third hypothesis test 150 tourist

Table 2.3: sample descriptive of 50 hotels

Number Sample
1 Best Western The Pride Hotel
2 Courtyard by Marriott Pune Hinjewadi
3 Hotel Ibis
4 Hotel Parc Estique
5 Hyatt hotel

6 Le Meridien Pune
7 Radisson Hotel Pune Kharadi
8 Royal Orchid Golden
9 St Laurn
10 Sun-n-Sand
11 Taj Blue Diamond:
12 The Central Park
13 The Corinthians Boutique Hotel
14 The Golden Emerald
15 The Gordon House Hotel
16 The Westin Koregaon Park

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17 Fortune Inn Jukaso
18 Gandharv Residency
19 Hotel Brookside
20 Hotel Cypress
21 Hotel Kohinoor Executive
22 22. Hotel Oakwood:
23 Hotel Sagar Plaza
24 Le Royce Hotel
25 Lemon Tree Hotel
26 Nest Hotels Ivy Studio
27 Park Ornate Hotel
28 Quality Inn Centurion
29 Seasons hotel
30 The Coronet Hotel
31 O hotel
32 The Plaza Palace
33 VITS Hotel
34 Ginger Hotel
35 Hotel Ashirwad
36 Hotel Brookside
37 Hotel Kapila
38 Hotel Madhav International
39 Hotel Panchshil
40 Hotel Pristine Inn
41 Hotel Sapna Executive
42 Hotel Shiv Sai Palace

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 43 Hotel The Senator
44 Hotel Woodland
45 orbett Hotel
46 Phoenix Hotel
47 Quality Hotel Regency
48 Sayaji Hotel
49 Hotel ketan
50 Hotel Shreyas

Table 2.4: sample descriptive of 30 tourism agencies

Number Sample
1 Wings Travels
2 Ajit Tours & Travels
3 Simas Travels
4 Kesari
5 Thomas Cook
6 R S Tourism
7 Sahyadri Agri Tourism
8 Girikand Travel
9 Tamarind Tours
10 Voyager Travels
M R Travels
11 Palande Tourism
12 Pugmarks Holidays
13 Ashok Travels & Trade Corporation
14 Smit Holidays

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 15 B.G. Tours & Travels
16
Bhagyashri Travels
17 Peacook Travword

18 Prakrti Travels

19 Siama Travels
20 Tushar Travels
21 Travel Smart:
22 Anubhav Holidays Pv Ltd
23 Life Line Holiday Homes Ltd
24 Classic Holidays
25 Pearl Travels
26 Devam Tours & Travels

27 Sai Raj Tours & Travels

28 Sai Tours & Travels

29 Krishna Travels
30 Kumbhakar Travels

2.14) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DATA METHODS USED

FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
The researcher used:
a) Percentage Matter
b) Proportion matter
c) Chi square matter
d) T-Test matter

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