12/14/11

Structural  Steel  and  Timber  

Design  SAB3233  

Topic  6  
Laterally  restrained  beams  
 
  Mohammad  
Prof  Dr  Shahrin  
 
 

Topic  10  -­‐  ConnecLons  

Topic  9  –  Trusses  
Topic  1  -­‐  Overview  

Topic  8  –  Columns  

Topic  2  -­‐  Basis  of  

Topic  7  –  Laterally   Structural   Structural  Design  
unrestrained  beamss   Steel  Design   (BS  EN  1990)  

 
Topic  6  –  Laterally   Topic  3  –AcLons  on  
restrained  beams   Structures    
 (BS  EN  1991)  
Topic  4  –  Design  of    
Topic  5  –  Cross-­‐secLon  
steel  structures  
classificaLon  
(BS  EN  1993)  

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Secondary beams

Main beams

Secondary beams

Main beams

Beam is a member predominantly subject

to bending. A beam is a structural member
which is subject to transverse loads, and
accordingly must be designed to withstand
shear and moment. Generally, it will be
bent about its major axis

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Types  of  restraining  condiLon  of  beam  

1.  Restrained  Beam  
 A  beam  where  the  compression  flange  is  
restrained  against  lateral  deflecLon  and  
rotaLon.    Only  verLcal  deflecLon  exists.  
 

Plan  view  

y  
1

dy  

dy  
x  

1
Sec3on  1-­‐1  
Front  view  

Types  of  restraining  condiLon  of  beam  

2.  Unrestrained  Beam  
•  The  compression  flange  is  
not  restrained  from  deflect  
laterally  and  rotate  about  
the  plan  of  the  secLon,  
which  is  called  lateral  
torsional  buckling  
•  Three  components  of  
displacement  i.e.  verLcal,  
horizontal  and  torsional  
displacement  

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Restrained  Beam  
 A  full  lateral  restraint  may  be  provided  by  concrete  floor  which  
sufficiently  connected  to  the  beam,  or  by  sufficient  bracing  
members  added.  
Compression  flange  
Concrete  slab   built  in  the  slab  

Stud  

Prestressed  concrete   Whole  sec3on  

concealed  in  concrete  

Steel  mesh   Angle  

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Restrained  Beam  
•  Lateral  restraint  may  be  of  along  the  span  or  at  some  points  
along  the  span.  
P1   P2  

A   B   Primary  beam   C   D  

Secondary  beams  

Front  view  of  the  primary  beam  

Secondary  beams  
Original  shape  

A   B   C   D  

Deform  shape  

Plan  view  
Points  A,  B,  C  and  D  are  restrained  from  deform  laterally  by  the  secondary  beams  and  the  connecAon  at  column  

LATERAL  RESTRAINT  
Secondary  beam  provides   Lateral  restraint  exist  at  the  
lateral  restraint  to  the  primary   beam  end  which  fixed  in  the  
beam  at  the  connected  point   concrete  

Secondary  beam  provides  lateral  restraint  

to  primary  beams  at  the  connected  point  
 

Secondary  beam  

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Unrestrained  Beam  
Examples  :   Timber  floor  

Steel  slide  

UB  
UB  

Crane  railway   Water  tank  

This  crane  girder  is  not  

restrained  laterally  
between  two  brackets.    

This  beam  only  laterally   Support  

Bracket   restrained  on  both  ends.  
Steel  column  

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DESIGN  CHECK  :  

•  Generally,  the  secLon  of  beam  is  selected  

based  on  the  moment  capacity  
 
•  Once  a  trial  secLon  has  been  selected,  design  
check  is  carried  out  to  ensure  that  all  the  other  
strength  components  are  saLsfied  
 
•  The  basic  concept  of  design  check  is  to  ensure  :    
         Design  resistance  {R}  >  Design  effects  {E}  

DESIGN  PROCESS  

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DESIGN  CHECK  :  

Design  Procedure  :  

Determine  max  SF,  BM  and  def  

Trial  secLon  

SecLon  classificaLon  

Shear  capacity  check  

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Shear  buckling  resistance  check  for  

web  

Moment  capacity  
check  

Check  for  combined  bending  and  shear  

DeflecLon  check  

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DeterminaLon  of  
Maximum  Beam  
Moment  and  Shear  

ClassificaLon  of  cross  secLon  

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Shear  check  (cl.6.2.6)  

 

Shear  check  (contd)  

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Shear  buckling  resistance  

check  for  web  

Bending  moment    (cl.6.2.5)  

§  In  a  simple  single  span,  failure  occurs  when  design  value  of  
thebending  moment  MEd  exceeds  design  moment  resistance  of  the  
cross  secLon  Mc.Rd.  
§  Magnitude  depends  on  secLon  shape,  material  strength  and  secLon  
classificaLon.  
§  Where  shear  force  on  cross-­‐secLon  is  small  its  effect  on  the  
resistance  moment  may  be  neglected.  

EC3  sets  this  limit  as  a  shear  force  of  

50%  of  the  plasLc  shear  resistance  

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Bending moment (cl.6.2.5)

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Combined  Bending  and  Shear    (cl.6.2.8)  contd  

§  AlternaLve  for  I  secLon  (equal  flanges)  and  bending  about  major  axis,  the  reduced  
design  plasLc  resistance  moment  allowing  for  the  shear  force  is  as  follow:  
   
   

DeflecLon  check  

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Example 1 – restrained beam design

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Thank You

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