The document describes the design of forms for a slab on grade. It provides examples to size the formwork components, including sheathing, joists, stringers and shores. The design is for an 8-inch thick slab with 15x15 foot bays. Through a step-by-step process, it determines that 3/4-inch plywood sheathing supported by 2x4 joists at 19.2 inch spacing, which are supported by 3x6 stringers at 36 inch spacing, and the stringers are supported by shores at 45 inch spacing, meet the design requirements for strength and serviceability. Bearing stresses are also checked to be within allowable values.
The document describes the design of forms for a slab on grade. It provides examples to size the formwork components, including sheathing, joists, stringers and shores. The design is for an 8-inch thick slab with 15x15 foot bays. Through a step-by-step process, it determines that 3/4-inch plywood sheathing supported by 2x4 joists at 19.2 inch spacing, which are supported by 3x6 stringers at 36 inch spacing, and the stringers are supported by shores at 45 inch spacing, meet the design requirements for strength and serviceability. Bearing stresses are also checked to be within allowable values.
The document describes the design of forms for a slab on grade. It provides examples to size the formwork components, including sheathing, joists, stringers and shores. The design is for an 8-inch thick slab with 15x15 foot bays. Through a step-by-step process, it determines that 3/4-inch plywood sheathing supported by 2x4 joists at 19.2 inch spacing, which are supported by 3x6 stringers at 36 inch spacing, and the stringers are supported by shores at 45 inch spacing, meet the design requirements for strength and serviceability. Bearing stresses are also checked to be within allowable values.
The document describes the design of forms for a slab on grade. It provides examples to size the formwork components, including sheathing, joists, stringers and shores. The design is for an 8-inch thick slab with 15x15 foot bays. Through a step-by-step process, it determines that 3/4-inch plywood sheathing supported by 2x4 joists at 19.2 inch spacing, which are supported by 3x6 stringers at 36 inch spacing, and the stringers are supported by shores at 45 inch spacing, meet the design requirements for strength and serviceability. Bearing stresses are also checked to be within allowable values.
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Temporary Structures Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Formwork
Parts of typical slab formwork
2
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Formwork Design Steps: Step 1: Estimate design loads Step 2: Sheathing thickness and spacing of its supports (joist spacing) Step 3: Joist size and spacing of supports (stringer spacing) Step 4: Stringer size and span (shore spacing) Step 5: Shore design to support stringers Step 6: Check bearing stresses Step 7: Design lateral bracing 3
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Example
Design forms to support a flat slab floor 8 in. thick of normal weight concrete, using construction grade Douglas Fir-Larch forming members and steel shoring. Ceiling height is 8 ft. and bays are 15x15 ft. Since forms will have continuing reuse, do not adjust base design values for short term load.
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
STEP 1: ESTIMATE LOADS: Dead load, concrete and rebar, [8 in. / (12 in./ft.)]x 150 pcf = 100 psf
Minimum construction live load on forms
50 psf (refer to lecture #1)
Weight of forms, estimated
8 psf
Total form design load
100 + 50 + 8 = 158 psf
5
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
STEP 2: SHEATHING DESIGN: Assuming 3/4-in. form grade plywood sheathing, from Tables 4-2 and 4-3:
Fb = 1545 psi
FS = 57 psi E = 1,500,000 psi S = 0.412 in.3 I = 0.197 in.4 Ib/Q = 6.762 in.2
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
STEP 2: SHEATHING DESIGN: Tables 4-2 and 4-3, for plywood:
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
CHECK BENDING For design purposes, consider a 1-foot-wide strip of plywood. Then:
w = design load of 158 psf 1 ft. = 158 lb/lf
l = 10.95
fS w
Substituting in the equation:
l = 10.95
1545 0.412 = 22.0 in. 158 8
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
CHECK DEFLECTION For = l/360: l = 1.693
EI 1500000 0.197 = 1.693 = 1.693 1870 = 20.8 in. w 158
For = 1/16: l = 3.234
EI 1500000 0.197 = 3.234 = 3.234 1870 = 21.2 in. w 158
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
CHECK ROLLING SHEAR For design purposes, consider a 1-foot-wide strip of plywood. Then: VQ
FS =
Ib
since Vmax = 0.6wL , so:
FS =
VQ Q = 0.6 wL or: Ib Ib
L=
FS Ib
0 .6 w Q
Substituting in above equation:
L=
FS Ib 57 = 6.762 = 4.0 ft. or 48 inches 0.6 w Q 0.6 158 10
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
From the above calculations, l = 20.8 in. governs. Meaning that joist supports CANNOT be more than 20.8 inches apart. HOWEVER, in order to select the span, we must consider the size of the plywood sheets and equal spacing of supports. In this case, 5 equal spaces of 19.2 inches on an 8-ft. wide plywood sheet will be appropriate. 11
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
STEP 3: JOIST SIZE AND SPACING OF STRINGERS TO SUPPORT THE JOISTS: Check 2x4 construction grade Douglas-Fir-Larch as joist (forms are used repeatedly, so there is no short-term load adjustment). From Table 4-2: Fb = 1000 psi and FV = 95 psi and should be adjusted for horizontal shear by a factor of 2. E = 1,500,000 psi. F = 2.0 95 = 190 psi V
12
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
w=
Joist spacing, in.
design load, psf 12 in. ft.
w=
19.2 in. 158 psf = 253 lb lf 12 in. ft.
From Table 4-1B, for S4S 2x4s: bd = 5.25 in.2,
I = 5.36 in.4, and S = 3.06 in.3
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ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
CHECK BENDING l = 10.95
FbS 1000 3.06 = 10.95 = 38.1 in. w 253
CHECK DEFLECTION For = l/360 l = 1.693
EI 1500000 5.36 = 1.693 = 1.693 31778 = 1.69 31.67 = 53.5 in. w 253
14
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
CHECK SHEAR Using the horizontal shear stress formula for a uniformly loaded continuous beam: fV =
fV = 190 =
0.9w 2d
L bd 12
0.9 253 2 3.5 L
5.25 12
190 = 43.37 L 25.3 L = 4.69 ft.
Or L = 4.69x12 in./ft. = 59.5 inches
15
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
Comparing the three spans calculated above, l = 38.1 inches governs. Considering 15x15 feet bays and desire for uniform spacing, 36 inch spacing is a reasonable number. This means that the spacing of stringers will be at 5 equal spaces per bay.
(5 36 = 180 inches = 15 feet )
16
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
STEP 4: STRINGER SIZE AND SPAN: w=
36 in. Stinger spacing, in. load on form, psf = 158 psf = 474 lb lf 12 in. ft. 12 in. ft.
Use 4x4 Construction grade Douglas-Fir-Larch
stringers. From Table 4-1B for S4S 4x4s: bd = 12.25 in.2, I = 12.50 in.4, S = 7.15 in.3; and d = 3.5 in.
CHECK BENDING l = 10.95
FV S 1000 7.15 = 10.95 = 42.5 in. w 474 17
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
CHECK DEFLECTION For = l/360 l = 1.693
EI 1500000 12.50 = 1.693 = 1.693 39557 = 1.69 34.07 = 57.6 in. w 474
CHECK SHEAR Use the horizontal shear stress formula for a uniformly loaded continuous beam: FV =
L=
0.9w 2d F bd 2d L L= V + bd 12 0.9w 12
190 12.25 2 3.5
= 5.45 + 0.58 = 6.03 ft = 72.4 in. + 0.9 474 12 18
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
From the above calculations, l = 42.5 in. governs. Meaning that stringers CANNOT be more than 42.5 inches apart (span of stringers). HOWEVER, in order to select an appropriate span, we must consider the dimensions of the bay. The 15-ft. bay could be divided into 5 equal spaces of 36 inches (180/5 = 36) which is less than the maximum allowable span of 42.5 inches. 19
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
Alternatively, we can check the possibility of using a deeper stringer, i.e. 3x6, in order to increase the shore spacing. Since bending is dominant here, we will check bending for a 3x6 member. For S4S 3x6s from Table 4-2: Fb = 1000 psf, and from Table 4-1B, S = 12.60 in.3 l = 10.95
1000 12.60 FbS = 10.95 = 10.95 5.16 = 56.4 in. 474 w
Now we can use 45-in. support spacing for the 3x6
stringers, which will divide the bay into 5 equal spaces. 20
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
STEP 5: SHORE DESIGN: Stringers are placed 36-inches apart, supported by shores spaced 45 inches apart. The area of support for each shore is:
Area = (36 / 12 ) (45 / 12 ) = 11.25 ft.2
Then the total load per shore is:
11.25 ft.2 158 psf = 1778 lb.
21
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
Schematic design:
22
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
Refer to Table 7-11 for wood shoring material. Both 3x4 and 4x4 are more than adequate to carry 1778 lbs for an effective length of 8 ft.
23
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
Step 6: Check Bearing Stresses: Bearing should be checked where stringers bear on shores and where joists bear on stringers. Stringers bearing on shore: Assume the head piece of the adjustable steel shore is 11x3 5/8". The 3x6 stringer is actually 2 in. thick.
24
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
Second Semester 2005
ATCE --IIII ATCE ATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab Form Design
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
If the headpiece is placed parallel to the stringer, bearing area is 2x11 or 28.75 in.2. Bearing stress will be:
total shore load 1778
= 62 psi bearing area 28.75 This is well below the base Fc, which is obtained from Table 4-2 (the value of compression to grain, Fc, for No. 2 24 Douglas Fir-Larch is 625 psi). 25
ATCE -II ATCEATCE-II
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
Slab form Design Example
Joist bearing on Stringers: The two members are 1 and 2 in. wide. Contact bearing area = 2x1 = 3.75 in.2 Average load transmitted by joist to stringer is: Joist spacing x joist span x form load
