‫‪Key words‬‬

‫‪grow‬‬ ‫َْﯾﻧﻣو‬ ‫‪trick‬‬ ‫ﯾﺧدَع‬ ‫ﺧِدْ ﻋﺔ ‪ْ َ /‬‬

‫‪injure‬‬ ‫ُْﯾؤذي‬ ‫‪safety‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎن‬
‫‪breathe‬‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻧﻔس‬‫َََ ﱠ‬ ‫‪danger‬‬ ‫ﺧطر‬‫َ َ‬
‫‪summary‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺧص ‪ /‬ﺗﻠﺧﯾص‬ ‫ُ ّ‬ ‫‪bacteria‬‬ ‫ﺑﻛﺗﯾرﯾﺎ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪soil‬‬ ‫ﺗرﺑﺔ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫‪advantage‬‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻔﻌﺔ ‪ /‬ﻣﯾزة‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪CPR‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔس اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻲ ) اﻹﻧﻌﺎش اﻟﻘﻠﺑﻲ‬ ‫‪truce‬‬ ‫ھدﻧﺔ‬
‫‪cardiopulmonary‬‬ ‫اﻟرﺋوي َ( ِ ّ‬
‫رﺋوي‬ ‫َِْ ﱞ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺑﻲ ِ‬ ‫‪evacuate‬‬ ‫ﯾﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫‪resuscitation‬‬ ‫ِْإﻧﻌﺎش‬ ‫‪evacuation‬‬ ‫إﺧﻼء ‪ /‬إﺟﻼء‬
‫‪emergency‬‬ ‫طﺎرﺋﺔ ‪ /‬طوارئ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ِ‬ ‫‪wrap‬‬ ‫ﯾﻐﻠف‬ ‫َُﱢ‬
‫‪respond‬‬ ‫ُﯾﺟﯾب ‪َ /‬ﯾُرد ّ‬ ‫‪criminal‬‬ ‫ﻣﺟرم‬
‫ُ ِ‬
‫‪allergy‬‬ ‫َﺣﺳﺎﺳِ ّﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪immediate‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺟل‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓوري ‪/‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪trial‬‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻛﻣﺔ او ﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫‪dustbin‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻣﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﺻﻧدوق ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫‪at least‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗل ّ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫‪chain‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳِ ْﻠﺳِ ﻠﺔ ‪ّ َ ُ /‬‬
‫ﯾﻛﺑل ‪ّ ُ /‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﯾد‬
‫‪bedding‬‬ ‫اﻟﺳرﯾر‬ ‫ﻛﺳوة ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫‪mist‬‬ ‫ﺿﺑﺎب‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪possible‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻣْ ِ‬ ‫‪quick‬‬ ‫َﺳرﯾﻊ‬
‫‪possibility‬‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾّﺔ‬ ‫‪quickly‬‬ ‫ِﺑﺳ َُرﻋﺔ‬
‫‪possibly‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻛن ْ‬
‫أن‬ ‫ُرﺑّﻣﺎ ‪ِ /‬ﻣن اﻟﻣ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪glove‬‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺎز ‪ /‬ﺟواﻧﺗﻰ‬ ‫ُﱠ‬
‫‪describe‬‬ ‫ﯾﺻف‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫‪contain‬‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوي َﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫‪description‬‬ ‫وﺻف‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫‪separate‬‬ ‫ﻣْ َ ِ‬
‫ُﻧﻔﺻل‬
‫‪bottom‬‬ ‫ُؤﺧرة‬ ‫ﻗﺎع ‪ /‬ﻣ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪offer‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌرُض ‪ /‬ﯾ ّ‬
‫ُﻘدم‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪avoid‬‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺟﻧب ‪ََ /‬ﯾﺗﻔﺎدى‬ ‫ََ َ ﱠ‬ ‫‪salt‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﻣﻠﺢ‬
‫‪skin‬‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ﺟﻠد‬ ‫‪rule‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋدة‬
‫‪drop‬‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻘط‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫‪law‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧون‬
‫‪touch‬‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻣس‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫‪suggest‬‬ ‫ََْ ِ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺗرح‬
‫‪pet‬‬ ‫ﺣﯾوان أﻟﯾف‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫‪suggestion‬‬ ‫اﻗﺗراح‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬
‫‪gardening‬‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻣﺎل َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪prohibit‬‬ ‫ََْ‬
‫ﯾﻣﻧﻊ‬
‫‪hygiene‬‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ اﻟ َ َ‬
‫ﻧظﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪prohibition‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣرﯾم‬‫َﻣﻧﻊ ‪ْ َ /‬‬
‫‪take off‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﯾََ‬ ‫‪express‬‬ ‫ﯾ َُﻌﺑﱢر‬
‫‪article‬‬ ‫َﻣﻘﺎل‬ ‫‪expression‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺑﯾر‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪blog‬‬ ‫ﻣُدَ وّ ﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪bookshelf‬‬ ‫َرفّ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻛﺗب‬
‫‪surprise‬‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻔﺎﺟﺄ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ُﻔﺎﺟﺄة‬
‫ﻣ َ‬ ‫‪cloth‬‬ ‫ُﻗﻣﺎش‬
‫‪surprising‬‬ ‫ُذھل‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ُدھش ‪ /‬ﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﻣْ ِ‬ ‫‪mild‬‬ ‫َﺧﻔﯾف ‪ /‬ﻟطﯾف ‪ /‬ﻣ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ُﻌﺗدل‬
‫‪surprised‬‬ ‫ﻣ ُْﻧدَ ِھش‬ ‫‪basic‬‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ّ‬
‫‪knowledge‬‬ ‫َْ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪base‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋدة‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪available‬‬ ‫ُﺗوﻓر‪ /‬ﻣُﺗﺎح‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣَ َ‬ ‫‪shout‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﯾﺻرُخ‬
‫‪subject‬‬ ‫َﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫‪wake up‬‬ ‫أﺳﺗﯾﻘظ‬
‫‪once a week‬‬ ‫ُوﻋﯾّﺎ ً‬
‫أﺳﺑ ِ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫‪nearby‬‬ ‫ﻗرﯾب ‪ْ ُ ِ /‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ِ ْ‬
‫ﻣن‬
‫‪fence‬‬ ‫ﺳور ‪ /‬ﺳﯾﺎج‬ ‫‪soapy‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺑوﻧﻲ ‪ /‬ﻣﻐطﻰ ﺑرﻏوة اﻟﺻﺎﺑون‬
‫‪title‬‬ ‫ﻋ ُْﻧوان ‪ََ /‬ﻟﻘب‬ ‫‪extra‬‬ ‫ِإﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫‪medical‬‬ ‫ِطﺑّﻲ‬ ‫‪frequently‬‬ ‫ﺗﻛراراً‬‫ﻣرارا و َ ْ‬
‫‪cause‬‬ ‫ﯾُﺳﺑّب‬ ‫‪licence‬‬ ‫ر ُْﺧﺻﺔ‬
‫‪chop‬‬ ‫ُﻘطﻊ‬‫ﯾَ ﱢ‬ ‫‪cough‬‬ ‫ﻛﺣﺔ ‪ /‬ﺳﻌﺎل ‪ /‬ﯾﻛﺢ‬
‫ُﺑﻠل‬‫ﻣَ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﺟﺎدل ‪ /‬ﯾﻧﺎﻗش‬‫ﯾ ِ‬
‫‪wet‬‬ ‫‪argue‬‬
sponge ِْ ْ
‫إﺳﻔﻧﺞ‬ argument َ َ َ ‫ ﻣ‬/ ‫ِﺟدال‬
‫ُﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬
regular َ َ ْ‫ﻣ‬
‫ُﻧﺗظم‬ strange ‫َﻏرﯾب‬
regularly ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺗظﺎم‬ ِْ ِ helmet ‫ُﺧوذة‬
regularity ‫اﻧﺗظﺎم‬ kitchen ‫ﻣطﺑﺦ‬َْ َ
tissue ‫ورﻗﻲ‬ َ َ ‫ﻣﻧدﯾل‬ ِْ floor ِ َْ
‫أرﺿﯾّﺔ‬
sneeze ‫ﯾﻌطس‬ َ َْ messy ‫ ﻏﯾر ﻣرﺗب‬/ ‫ﻓوﺿوي‬ َ َْ
spread ِ ََْ
‫ﯾﻧﺗﺷر‬ remove ‫ﯾزﯾل‬
tissue ‫ﻧﺳﯾﺞ‬ decline ‫ ﯾﺗدھور‬/ ‫ﯾﻧﺧﻔض‬ِ َ َ - ‫ﯾرﻓض‬ ُ َ
growth ‫إزدھﺎر‬ ْ
ِ / ‫ﻧﻣو‬ burn ْ َ / ‫اﻟﺣرﯾق‬
‫اﻟﺣرق‬ َ ‫َﻣﻛﺎن‬
growing ‫ﻣُﺗزاﯾد‬ calm ‫ھﺎديء‬
breathe in ‫ﻧﺷق‬
ِ ‫ﯾﺳﺗ‬ َ َ dangerous ‫َﺧطﯾر‬
breathe out ‫ﯾزﻓر‬ ُ َ dangerously ‫ِﺑﺷﻛل َﺧطﯾر‬
injured ‫ﻣُﺻﺎب‬ allergic ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣن اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬
injury َ َ
‫ أذى‬/ ‫إﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ َ َ dustman ُ ‫ﻋﺎﻣل َﺟﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻣﺎﻣﺔ‬ ِ َ
honest ‫ َﺷرﯾف‬/ ‫ﺻﺎدق‬
ِ / ‫أﻣﯾن‬ wrapping ‫ُﻏﻼف‬
breath ‫اﻟﻧﻔس‬ َ‫ﱠ‬ dust ‫ﺗراب‬َ ُ /‫ُﻏﺑﺎر‬
health ‫ﺻﺣّ ﺔ‬ ِ immediately ‫ ﻓورا‬/ ‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬
blanket ‫َﺑطﺎﻧﯾّﺔ‬ ّ bacterial ‫َﺑﻛﺗﯾري‬
breathing ‫ﺗﻧﻔس‬ ‫ََﱡ‬ bacterium ‫ﻣﯾﻛرُوب‬ ْ ‫ﺑﻛﺗﯾرﯾﺎ ؛‬
َْ َِْ

Definitions
breathe ‫ َ َ َ ﱠ‬taking air in and out of your body.
‫ﯾﺗﻧﻔس‬
CPR ‫ اﻟﺗﻧﻔس اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬something you do to help someone take air in and out of their body.
danger َ َ the possibility of being hurt or killed.
‫ﺧطر‬
emergency
services ِ ‫ﺧدَﻣﺎت ﱠ‬
‫اﻟطوارئ‬ ُ َ َ basic medical help given quickly.

respond ُ َ / ‫ ُﯾﺟﯾب‬doing something when someone talks to you.

ّ ‫ﯾرد‬
allergy ‫ َﺣﺳﺎﺳِ ّﯾﺔ‬a medical condition in which you become ill or in which your skin
bacteria ْ َ becomes
‫ﺑﻛﺗﯾرﯾﺎ‬ very smallred andthings
living painful because
that you have eaten or touched a
cause diseases.
bedding ‫ أﻏطﯾﺔ‬/ ‫ اﻟﻔ َِراش‬sheets, covers etc that you put on a bed.
dust َ ُ ‫اﻟﺳرﯾر‬
‫ﺗراب‬ ‫ ُ ﱠ‬very small pieces of dirt that cover surfaces inside buildings like
/‫ﻏﺑﺎر‬
soil ُْ a
‫ﺗرﺑﺔ‬ thepowder.
top layer of the earth in which plants grow.
burn ( n ) ‫اﻟﺣرق‬ َ ‫ َﻣﻛﺎن‬damage to the body caused by fire or heat.
ْ َ / ‫اﻟﺣرﯾق‬
calm ‫ ھﺎديء‬relaxed and quiet, not angry, nervous, or upset.
evacuate ‫ ﯾﺧﻠﻲ‬leave a place because it is not safe.
injured ‫ ُﻣﺻﺎب‬having a wound or damage to part of your body.
wrap ‫ ُ َ ﱢ‬cover something with cloth or paper.
‫ﯾﻐﻠف‬
 Reading
Hygiene at home: Seven DOs and DON’Ts for a healthy life
1- Take your shoes off
The bottoms of your shoes can carry a lot of bacteria into you house. You should always take your
shoes off at the door.
2- No more dust
Dust quickly comes back again after you’ve cleaned. However, dust can make it diffucult to breathe
and it can cause skin problems. You should clean your house or flat as often as you can.
3- Wash the kitchen floor
Food and drinks can easily fall on the kitchen floor. You should clean your kitchen floor at least
once a week. You should use warm, soapy water so you can remove all the bacteria.
4- Change your bedding
We spend a lot of our time asleep in bed. You should change your bedding at least once every two
weeks so bacteria can’t live in it.
5- Wash your hands after spending time with your pets
Research has shown that contact with pets early in life can protect you against allergies. But
animals can also carry bacteria. If you touch your pet, you shouldn’t touch anything else until you’ve
washed your hands.
6- Stay clean in the garden
You should wear gloves if you’re going to touch soil in the garden because it can contain bacteria.
You should wash your hands when you’ve finished gardening, too.
7- Don’t forget to keep your bins clean
A lot of bacteria can grow in your bin. You shouldn’t leave your bin open.
Hygiene rules around the world
In the UK, you must put your food waste in a separate bin.
In Thailand, you must take your shoes off before going into someone's house.
In the USA, you should offer to help clean up after dinner at a friend's house.

breathe in breathe out breath breathing

breathe in = inhale = take air in ‫§ ﯾﺳﺗﻧﺷـق‬
Plants breathe in carbon dioxide
breathe out = exhale = take air out ‫§ ﯾـزﻓـر‬
Plants breathe out oxygen.
breath ‫§ ﻧﻔس‬
I can smell alcohol on your breath.
breathing ‫§ اﻟﺗﻧﻔس‬
People die if their breath (breathing) stops
base basis rule
base ‫ ﻗﺎﻋدة ﻟﻣﺎ ﻓوﻗﮭﺎ‬- ‫§ أﺳﺎس‬
The statue was attached to a concrete base.
basis ‫ ﻗﺎﻋدة ﯾﺗطور ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺷﻲء‬- ‫§ أﺳﺎس‬
Philosophy was the basis for many other sciences.
rule ‫ ﻗﺎﻧون‬- ‫§ ﻗﺎﻋدة‬
All pupils have to follow the rules of a school.
 safe secure
safe ‫§ آﻣن‬
Do you think it is safe to keep money here.
secure ‫§ ﻣؤﻣﻧﺔ‬
Lock the house and make sure all windows are secure.

licence license
licence ‫ رﺧﺻﺔ‬- ‫§ ﯾرﺧص‬
A shop must get a licence to be able to sell tobacco.
license ‫ ﯾﺳﻣﺢ‬- ‫§ ﯾرﺧص‬
The traffic police licensed the car after many trials.
address title headline
address ‫ ﻋﻧوان ﺑرﯾد إﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬- ‫§ ﻋﻧوان ﺳﻛن‬
I couldn't visit him because I didn't have his address.
Leave your e-mail address and we will contact you.
title ‫§ ﻋﻧوان ﻣﻘﺎل‬
"Hamlet " is the title of one of Shakespeare's most popular plays.
headline ‫§ ﻋﻧوان ﻓﻲ ﺟرﯾدة‬
I usually have a look at the main headlines of a paper.
agree accept
agree to + ( inf. / N ) ‫§ ﯾواﻓق‬
He agreed to sign the papers. He agreed to our plan.
agree with someone ‫§ ﯾﺗﻔق ﻣﻊ‬
I'm afraid, I don't agree with you.
agree on ( something ) ‫§ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﺗﺗﻔق ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻲء‬
We agreed on a price for the car.
agree that ( sentence ) ‫§ ﯾﺗﻔق ـ ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
It was agreed that he was the thief.
accept ( invitation / apology / condolences / bribes ) ( ‫ رﺷوة‬/ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎزي‬/‫ اﻋﺗذار‬/ ‫§ ﯾﻘﺑــل ) دﻋوة‬
He didn't accept her apology.
wet moist damp humid
wet ‫§ ) َﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺑﻠل ( ﻣﻐطﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء أو ﺑﺎى ﺳﺎﺋل أﺧر‬
I’ve just washed my hair and it’s still wet.
moist ‫رطب ) ﻣ َ ﱠ‬
‫ُﺑﻠل ﻗﻠﯾﻼ ( ﺻﻔﺔ اﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋﻧد اﻟﺣدﯾث ﻋن رطوﺑﺔ ﻣرﻏوب ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ِ َ §
These plants do best in fertile, moist soil.
damp ‫رطب ) ﻣ َ ﱠ‬
‫ُﺑﻠل ﻗﻠﯾﻼ ( ﺻﻔﺔ ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋﻧد اﻟﺣدﯾث ﻋن رطوﺑﺔ ﻏﯾر ﻣرﻏوب ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ِ َ §
The grass was still too damp to sit on.
humid ( ‫§ َرطب ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺟو ) ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﺧﺎر اﻟﻣﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭواء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺟﻌﻠك ﺗﺷﻌر ﺑﻌدم اﻟراﺣﺔ‬
Summer in Tokyo is hot and humid.
once
once ‫§ ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ـ ذات ﻣرة‬
Once, people were hunters. Their food came from animals.
once ‫§ ﺑﻣﺟرد أن‬
Once I get the news, I'll phone you.
once ‫§ ﻣرة واﺣدة‬
She visits her grandparents once every six months.
 damage damages
damage ‫ ﺧﺳﺎرة‬- ‫§ ﺿرر – ﺗﻠف‬
The earthquake caused widespread damage.
damages ‫وﺿرر‬ ْ ‫ﻋ‬، ‫§ ﺗﻌوﯾض ﻣﺎﻟّﻲ‬
َ َ ‫ُطل‬
The man was awarded £50,000 in damages over false allegations made by the newspaper
cause reason
cause ‫§ ﯾﺳﺑـب‬
What caused the fire?
cause of + ‫اﺳـم‬ ‫§ ﺳﺑـب‬
What was the cause of the fire?
reason with ‫§ ﯾﺣﺎول إﻗـﻧﺎع ـ ﯾﺗﺟـﺎدل ﻣـﻊ‬
I reasoned with him for hours, but I couldn't make him change his mind.
reason out ‫§ ﯾﺳﺗﻧﺗﺞ ﻣﻧطﻘﯾﺎ ـ ﯾﻘﻧﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧطق‬
Reason it out for yourself.
reason for + ‫اﺳـم‬ ‫§ داع ـ ﻣﺑـرر ـ ﺳﺑب‬
Can you give the reason for leaving ?
the reason why + ‫ﺟﻣــﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣــﻠﺔ‬
Is there a reason why you can't come?
offer give
offer ‫§ ﯾﻘدم ـ ﯾﻌرض‬
She offered a reward in return with her lost necklace.
give ‫§ ﯾﻌطﻲ ـ ﯾﻣﻧﺢ‬
She gave me two apples.
publish spread prevail scatter
publish (‫ ﺟرﯾدة‬- ‫ ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬- ‫§ ﯾﻌﻠن ـ ﯾﻧﺷر ) ﻛﺗﺎب‬
He works for a company that publishes reference books.
spread ( ‫§ ﯾﻧﺷر ـ ﯾﻧﺗﺷر ) ﺷﻲء ﻣﻌﻧوي‬
Terrorism spreads panic among all classes of society.
Teachers have to spread love among pupils.
prevail ‫§ ﯾﺳود ـ ﯾﻌم‬
For world peace to prevail, America has to stop aggression.
scatter ‫ ﯾﻧﺷر‬- ‫ ﯾﺗﺑﻌﺛر‬- ‫§ ﯾُﺑﻌﺛر‬
She scattered some grains for the birds to eat.
skin leather
skin ( ‫§ ﺟﻠد طﺑﯾﻌﻲ ) اﻟﺑﺷرة‬
The bark of a tree is like our skin.
leather ‫§ ﺟﻠد ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬
These shoes are made from fine leather.
wrap fold twist = bend
wrap ‫§ ﯾﻐﻠـف ـ ﯾﻠـف‬
Ahmed wrapped a thick coat round his shoulder.
fold ‫§ ﯾطـوى‬
Fold the paper along the dotted line.
twist = bend ‫§ ﯾﺛﻧـﻰ ـ ﯾطـوى‬
She twisted the wire into the shape of a star.
 argue
argue about ‫§ ﯾﺗﺟﺎدل ﺑﺷﺄن ﺷـﺊ‬
The members of the committee argued about the new rules. §
argue with ‫§ ﯾﺗﺟﺎدل ﻣﻊ ﺷﺧص‬
Some managers hate employees who argue with them.
argue for / in favour of = advocate = support = promote ‫ ﯾﺳﺎﻧد‬/ ‫ ﯾدﻋم‬/ ‫ ﯾؤﯾد‬/ ‫§ ﯾﻘدم ﺣﺟﺔ ﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
Dr. Aisha argued for a good position for women in society.
argue against ‫ ﯾﺟﺎدل ﺿد‬- ‫§ ﯾﻌﺎرض‬
They argued against the new tax.
complain
complain to + ‫ﺷﺧص‬ ‫§ ﯾﺷﻛو ﻟـ‬
She complained to her father about her money.
complain about + ‫ﺷـﺊ‬ ‫§ ﯾﺷﻛو ﻣن‬
He complained about his work.
complain of + ‫ﻣـرض‬ ‫§ ﯾﺷﻛو ﻣن‬
He complained of headache.
complain that + ‫ﺟﻣـﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣـﻠﺔ‬ ‫§ ﯾﺷﻛو ﻣن‬
He complained that he didn't get his salary.
Take
take away ‫ ﯾـزﯾـل‬take over ‫ﯾﺗـوﻟﻰ ﻣﮭﻣـﺔ‬
take apart ‫ ﯾﻔﻛـك‬take place ‫ﯾﺣـدث‬
take down ‫ ﯾﻛﺗـب‬take after ‫ﯾﺷﺑـﮫ‬
take off ‫ ﯾﺧﻠـﻊ ـ ﺗﻘﻠـﻊ‬take in ‫ﯾﺧـدع ـ ﯾﺳﺗوﻋـب‬
take part ‫ ﯾﺷـﺎرك‬take for ‫ﯾﺣﺳﺑـﮫ – ﯾظـن‬
take up with ‫ ﯾراﻓق ـ ﯾﺗﺑﻧﻰ رأى‬take up for ‫ﯾؤﯾـد‬
take it upon himself ‫ ﯾﺄﺧـذ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘـﮫ‬take something up ‫ﯾﻧﺎﻗش‬
take up with someone
‫ ﯾﺷﻐل ﻧﻔﺳﮫ ﺑـ‬take to ‫ﯾدﻣـن‬

quickly ‫ﺑﺳرﻋﺔ‬ slowly ْ ُِ

‫ﺑﺑطء‬
usual ‫ ﻣﻌﺗﺎد‬/ ‫ﻋﺎدى‬ unusual ‫ ﻏﯾر ﻣﻌﺗﺎد‬/ ‫ﻏﯾر ﻋﺎدى‬
send to ‫ﯾرﺳل اﻟﻰ‬ receive from ‫ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻣن‬
full ‫ﻣﻣﺗﻠﺊ‬ empty ‫ﻓﺎرغ‬
clean ‫ﻧظﯾف‬ dirty ‫ﻗذر‬
messy َ َْ
‫ ﻏﯾر ﻣرﺗب‬/ ‫ﻓوﺿوي‬ tidy / neat ‫ﻣرﺗب‬
safe ‫آﻣِن‬ unsafe ‫ﻏﯾر آﻣِن‬
inside ‫داﺧل‬ outside ‫ﺧﺎرج‬
honest َ / ‫ ﺻﺎدِق‬/ ‫أﻣﯾن‬
‫ﺷرﯾف‬ dishonest ‫ﻏﺷﺎش‬ َ
ّ / ‫ﻏﯾر أﻣﯾن‬
accept ‫ﯾﻘﺑل‬
َ َ refuse / decline ‫ﯾرﻓض‬
advantage َ
‫ ﻣﯾزة‬/ ‫َﻣﻧﻔﻌﺔ‬ disadvantage ‫ﺿرر‬
َ َ / ‫ﻋﯾب‬ َْ

add to ‫ﯾﺿﯾف إﻟﻰ‬ on fire ِ َ ْ ‫ ﻣ‬/ ‫ُﺷﺗﻌل‬

‫ُﻠﺗﮭب‬ ِ َْ ‫ﻣ‬ belong to ‫ﯾﻧﺗﻣﻲ إﻟﻰ‬
fall on ‫ﯾﺳﻘط ﻋﻠﻰ‬ complain ‫ﯾﺷﻛو ﻣن‬ in bed ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔراش‬
contact with ‫اﺗﺻﺎل ﺑــ‬ about with
cover ‫ﻣُﻐطﻰ ﺑــ‬ pair of ‫زوج ﻣن‬
walk on ‫ﯾﺳﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ know about ‫ﯾﻌرف ﻋن‬ send to ‫ﯾُرﺳل اﻟﻰ‬
in chains ‫ ﻣ ُ َﻘﯾّد‬/ ‫ﻣ ُ َﻛﺑّل‬ in front of ‫أﻣﺎم‬ close to ‫ﻗرﯾب ﻣن‬
CPR ( cardiopulmonary resuscitation ) ‫اﻹﻧﻌﺎش اﻟﻘﻠﺑﻲ اﻟرﺋوي‬
it’s a bad idea ‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﻛره ﺳﯾﺋﺔ‬
for more than one day ‫ﻷﻛﺛر ﻣن ﯾوم واﺣد‬
research has shown that ‫ﻗد أظﮭرت اﻟﺑﺣوث أن‬
not all of the information you read is correct ‫ﻟﯾس ﻛل اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘراھﺎ ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬
reports about scientific research ‫ﺗﻘﺎرﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺑﺣث اﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ‬
on the same topic ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬
take your shoes off at the door ‫اﺧﻠﻊ ﺣذاﺋك ﻋﻧد اﻟﺑﺎب‬
come back again ‫ﯾﻌود ﻣره أﺧرى‬
as often as you can ‫ﻗدر إﻣﻛﺎﻧك‬
remove all the bacteria ‫ﻗم ﺑﺄزاﻟﮫ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺑﻛﺗﯾرﯾﺎ‬
change bedding at least once every two weeks ‫ﻗم ﺑﺗﻐﯾﯾر اﻟﻔراش ﻣره واﺣده ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷﻗل ﻛل أﺳﺑوﻋﯾن‬
protect you against allergies ‫ﺗﺣﻣﯾك ﻣن )ﺿد( اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬
grow in your bin ‫ﺗﻧﻣو ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﮫ اﻟﻘﻣﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑك‬
You shouldn’t leave your bin open ‫ﻻ ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺗرك ﺳﻠﮫ اﻟﻘﻣﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑك ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬
put your food waste in a separate bin ‫ﺿﻊ اﻟﻧﻔﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻐذاﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑك ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﮫ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ‬
before going into someone's house ‫ﻗﺑل اﻟدﺧول إﻟﻰ ﻣﻧزل ﺷﺧص ﻣﺎ‬
you should offer to help clean up ‫ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﻘدم اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﻧظﯾف‬
ask for some advice ‫ﯾطﻠب ﺑﻌض اﻟﻧﺻﺎﺋﺢ‬
She complained about her back hurting ‫اﺷﺗﻛت ﻣن أن ظﮭرھﺎ ﯾؤﻟﻣﮭﺎ‬
I have a lot of exams coming up ‫ﻟدي اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻻﻣﺗﺣﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬
Stay calm ‫اﺑق ھﺎدﺋﺎ‬
wrap a blanket around ‫ﻗم ﺑﻠف ﺑطﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺣول‬
Put running water on ‫ﺿﻊ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺟﺎرﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
Move the person away from ‫أﻧﻘل اﻟﺷﺧص ﺑﻌﯾدا ﻋن‬

Translation words
integration ‫ﺗﻛﺎﻣل‬ intervention ُ
‫ﺗدﺧل‬
justification ‫ ﺗﻌﻠﯾل‬/ ‫ﺗﺑرﯾر‬ motivation ‫ ﺣﺎﻓز‬/ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﯾز‬
motive ‫داﻓﻊ‬ human potentials ‫طﺎﻗﺎت أو إﻣﻛﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺷرﯾﺔ‬
prospect ‫ إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬/ ‫ﺗوﻗﻊ‬ undeniable fact ‫ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن إﻧﻛﺎرھﺎ‬
gestures ‫إﯾﻣﺎءات‬ reconstruction ‫ﺗﻌﻣﯾر‬
renewal ‫ﺗﺟدﯾد‬ economic sanctions ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت اﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ‬
private sector ‫اﻟﻘطﺎع اﻟﺧﺎص‬ public sector ‫اﻟﻘطﺎع اﻟﻌﺎم‬
privatization ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺧﺻﺔ‬ considerable significance ‫أھﻣﯾﺔ ﻛﺑري‬

Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- We can no longer have confidence in the quality of the air we ……………….
a. breath b. breeze c. breathe d. breathing
2- My friend was given ……….….. by a medical doctor, who I’m convinced saved his life.
a. CPR b. BCE c. DVD d. USA
3- You must leave immediately. You’re in great ………………. here.
a. dangerous b. danger c. safe d. safety
4- It’s illegal to use the fire alarm except in case of ……………….. .
 a. fluency b. allergy c. frequency d. emergency
5- The body often ………………… to stress by becoming ill.
a. responds b. calls c. answers d. asks
6- She has an …………………. to cow’s milk
a. alligator b. alacrity c. allergy d. energetic
7- The disease ………………… at least 120 people in England last year
a. saved b. rescued c. killed d. cured
8- The results that we saw did not show the presence of any forms of ………………. .
a. emergency b. bedding c. bacteria d. blanket
9- They were supplied with food, clothes, and ………………. .
a. bedding b. bacteria c. allergy d. disease
10- The shelves were covered in a thick layer of …………………
a. dost b. must c. trust d. dust
11- The ………….. here is very poor. It is not good to grow any plants.
a. soil b. oil c. toil d. boil
12- It’s time you threw those shoes in the …………. .
a. bin b. pin c. pen d. pine
13- I tried to stay …………….. and just ignore him.
a. climb b. calm c. palm d. harm
14- Something is stuck to the …………… of my shoe.
button b. cotton c. bottom d. mutton
15- She managed to ………………. answering my question.
a. avoid b. decide c. want d. hope
16- Over 10,000 refugees have now been …………….… to neighbouring countries.
a. convinced b. persuaded c. evacuated d. suffocated
17- The new restaurant was an ……………….. success.
a. medium b. immediate c. immediately d. mediator
18- Sorry the place is so……………… . I haven’t had time to clear up.
a. noisy b. melody c. messy d. fizzy
19- Ribbons were …………………….. around the dancers' arms.
a. tapped b. tipped c. capped d. wrapped
20- There were four or five boxes …………….. toys and books.
a. containing b. consisting c. including d. sustaining
21- My brother and I always had ……………… rooms.
a. despair b. desperate c. promising d. separate
22- Her forehead was ……………. with sweat.
a. vet b. wet c. shit d. net
23- It is not yet known whether these chemicals are ……………… to humans.
a. dangerous b. fabulous c. fascinating d. attending
24- We were told to stay …………… as help was on the way.
a. calm b. claim c. column d. cattle
25- Protestors threw stones at police, who …………….. with rubber bullets ◌ٓ
a. amended b. mended c. intended d. responded
26- Air ........................ has reached dangerous levels in some cities.
a. pollution b. population c. expression d. evacuation
27- The public was not aware of the …………… from nuclear tests in Korea.
a. endanger b. endangered c. dangerous d. danger
28- There were clouds of ……………….. in the distance as the truck approached.
 a. cluster b. master c. mystery d. dust
29- Don’t …………….. any more wood; we’ve got enough.
a. shed b. sob c. cup d. chop
30- She picked up a ……………. and began cleaning the edges of the sink.
a. socket b. snatch c. sponge d. fork
31- 31. My chest felt painful, and I was ………………. uncontrollably.
a. weaving b. coughing c. covering d. raffling
32- She …………………….. that she never had any time to herself.
a. applied b. complemented c. complimented d. complained
33- I took a long ………………… before speaking again.
a. breathe b. breath c. breeze d. breathing
34- Most people nowadays are aware of some of the ……….. rules of healthy living.
a. basic b. base c. boss d. please
35- Restaurants may be closed down if they fail to maintain minimum standards of ………
a. sanitary b. hygiene c. hygienic d. healthy
36- Environmental groups want a total ………………. on the dumping of nuclear waste.
a. promotion b. prohibition c. cultivation d. proportion
37- Always wear ……………. on your hands when gardening in order to protect them.
a. helmets b. socks c. gloves d. trousers
38- The dust was everywhere and she started coughing and …………….. .
a. realizing b. releasing c. squeezing d. sneezing
39- It’s hard these days to make a living from the …………….. .
a. soul b. seal c. sail d. soil
40- Teachers have to …………………. love among pupils.
a. publish b. speared c. print d. remove
41- Don’t …………….. with me – you know I’m right.
a. urge b. rage c. enlarge d. argue
42- Anyone caught driving dangerously will automatically lose their …………..
a. lining b. credit c. thirst d. licence
43- You’d better come in or you’ll get ……………. .
a. witty b. pet c. wet d. wood
44- ………………. the cabbage finely and cook it in boiling salted water.
a. Cup b. Chop c. Solve d. Direct
45- We …………………… the stains on the wall with a fresh coat of paint.
a. suffered b. complained c. shaved d. covered
46- What’s the ………………. of her new book?
a. address b. title c. motel d. terrible
47- Do you know what ………………… volcanoes to happen?
a. makes b. lets c. reasons d. causes
48- She had thick black hair and smooth dark ………………
a. leather b. skin c. scout d. leader
49- A healthy lifestyle includes having a nutritious diet and good personal ……………
a. title b. emergency c. fantasy d. hygiene
50- The authorities carried out several air ……………….. for survivors of the crash.
a. researches b. searches c. curses d. verses
51- Smoking can seriously damage your ………….. .
a. sound b. sane c. health d. well
52- Their cars have a reputation for ………… and reliability.
 a. safety b. safe c. safer d. safely
53- He walked away suffering from nothing more than ………………. pride.
a. injures b. injured c. injury d. injure
54- It must always be kept dry but washed in warm ……………. water every two weeks.
a. sloppy b. ropy c. soapy d. copy
55- It is against the ……………….to park your car here.
a. know b. law c. clue d. below
56- Fortunately, there are things we can do to help keep our homes and families ………...
a. safe b. safari c. safety d. save
57- Don't ………………… him a cigarette, he's trying to give up.
a. offer b. effort c. gives d. offend
58- 58. She is 85 and still in very good …………….. .
a. filthy b. wealthy c. healthy d. health
59- Calm ………………….! The matter has been resolved.
a. off b. out c. down d. up
60- The residents of the city expressed …….. disapproval of genetically modified products.
a. bedding b. emergency c. blanket d. casualty
61- 61. A sailing ship can make no progress at all in a ………………… calm.
a. deed b. dead c. death d. dying
62- As long as I'm ……………….. that man will never set foot in my house!
a. life b. breathing c. having d. defaming
63- He puts in so little effort, as if he has an ………………… to hard work.
a. hygiene b. sanitation c. allergy d. curious
64- Susan ………………… the instructions into Harry's ear.
a. bathed b. breathed c. whisper d. exploded
65- I've been living abroad for 20 years, but I still consider the UK to be my native ……...
a. source b. soil c. sin d. suffer
66- It's important to ………………. friends when they are in need.
a. deal b. aid c. evacuate d. attain
67- . ……………… the top of the cake with icing sugar.
a. Publish b. Dig c. Drill d. Dust
68- When she was sick, Linda asked her neighbors for ………………...
a. assist b. aid c. supportive d. death
69- The wet ground ………………… my shoes.
a. solved b. toiled c. coiled d. soiled
70- ………………..…. is very important in hospitals.
a. Clean b. Cleans c. Cleaned d. Cleanliness
71- Can you predict what will …………….… wrong if you eat bad food?
a. come b. go c. leave d. travel
72- People should take care of their personal ………………….
a. sanitation b. flu c. hygiene d. infection
73- Cleanliness protects us …………… infections.
a. into b. with c. against d. of
74- Children's hands may be covered …………… germs.
a. with b. from c. of d. at
75- Hygiene is your ………….. cleanliness.
a. general b. own c. public d. generous
76- We should follow the ……………….… of hygiene.
 a. roles b. rolls c. reels d. rules
77- Insects eat ….………. which contains a lot of germs.
a. dusk b. clean c. sock d. dirt
78- My uncle ………………… much because he smokes cigarettes.
a. eats b. coughs c. shocks d. ducks
79- The doctor …….….. him too much advice but he didn't follow it.
a. took b. did c. made d. gave
80- A few years ago, she …………………. a serious lung disease.
a. improved b. developed c. provided d. supplied
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
1. Neighbours should … (1) …… cooperative. It’s … (2) …… for them to help eachother. There
…… (3) … be conflicts between them. It is …… (4) … that a close neighbor is better than a remote
relative.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
2. If a child has dirty hands, they will be covered with millions of germs …… (1) …… we cannot
see. If that child gives sweets to …… (2) …… child, some of those germs will be passed to the
…… (3) …… child. When this child eats the sweet, he or she will eat some of the germs and may
…… (4) …… ill.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
3. Smoking is bad for your heart. Did you know …… (1) …… thousands of people die because they
smoke? It is also bad for you to breathe someone’s cigarette smoke. The smoke has got …… (2)
…… than 4,000 chemicals in it and some of these are poisonous. They can …… (3) …… you ill.
My advice is that everyone …… (4) …… stop smoking.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
4. These are some of the rules of hygiene. You …… (1) … always wash your hands before a meal.
You should bathe more often in hot weather or when you have been running or … (2) …… to the gym.
You should also … (3) …… very careful about the food you eat and … (4) …… water you drink.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
4- Today more and more people are becoming interested…….. organic farming for different
reasons. Organic farmers grow food ………… without using pesticides ……….. chemical
fertilizers. They claim that pesticides …….. the small creatures and insects that birds and other
wildlife feed ………... They are poisonous, expensive and very harmful ……… the soil.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
…….. a very serious problem nowadays. This pollution causes great Environmental pollution
damage ………… the environment and all living things. There are a lot of things we can do to
the environment. Factories should …………… moved to land outside cities. A great preserve
number …….. trees should be planted along the sides of the roads. Trees take ……… carbon
dioxide and release oxygen, so they help to ………… the air.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Sports are ……… good way of spending our spare time. Sports help us gain good qualities ………
. Sports teach us as patience, cooperation and how ………… face difficult problems and situations
good manners ……….. develop our character. Some sports help us to defend ourselves such as
for us. karate and judo. …………. fact, sports are very essential
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
The ………. important activity is regular exercise. You ……… exercise every day. You might
jog or lift weights to keep your body healthy ……….. active. The most important point is,……. to
take illegal drugs. Drugs can ruin your life and the lives of your family. You should not smoke, and
you should not ………….drugs. ………….. keeping your body healthy now while you are young,
you could live longer, and you might enjoy life more.
 Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Should we work all the time without having rest …1…… entertainment? The answer is that we
cannot go ……2…… working without stopping, from time …3…… time and at regular
intervals, to have some rest and …4……. recreation If we did not, we could ……5….. mistakes
and the quality …6…… our work might get worse
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Learning ……1……. read a poem slowly will not just make the poem easier ,,,,2,,,,, hear; it will
underscore the importance ……3…. poetry of each and every word. A poem cannot ,,,,,,4,,,,,,,
read too slowly, and a good way ,,,,,,,,,5,,,,,,,,, a reader to set ,,,,,,,,,6,,,,, easy pace is to pause for
a few seconds between the title and the poem's first line.
A) Translate into Arabic:
1- Our deserts are one of the chief sources of wealth .If we give them due care ,We can increase our national
income and solve many of our problems by increasing the cultivated land and constructing new economic
development
2- The government tries to increase production in all fields. In agriculture for instance, it has prepared a plan
for land reclamation and cultivation .it has also obtained loans in order to be able to use machines in
agriculture projects .
3- Some of the most important aims of education are to build the Egyptians citizen who is able to face the
future and to create a productive society .Education also aims at preparing a generation of scientists able to
stand up the monopoly of science and technology by some countries .
4- Education is not an end ,but means to an end .In other words ,we do not educate children for the purpose
of education .Our purpose is to fit them for life .The wisest person is the one who makes full use of what life
offers him without sorrowfully looking back at what he has lost .
5- Some people prefer the simple and healthy life of the country .There they avoid the smoke of factories,
the speed of city life and the crowded means of transport .They also enjoy the fresh country air and the
beauty of nature .
6- The high cost of living is one of our most difficult problems rise in prices is due to inflation To bring the
prices down, both government and the individuals should work together, invest should be encouraged,
production should be increased and consumption should be cut down
7- You should be careful about the food you eat and the water you drink. Eating certain foods can
make it easier for the digestive system to work.
8- It is important to brush your teeth twice a day: after breakfast and before you go to bed to prevent
disease. Brushing ensures the removal of all that causes tooth decay.
9- Washing your hands properly can help prevent the spread of the germs like bacteria and viruses
that cause you to catch diseases and infections.

b) Translate into English :

. ‫ ﺗﺳﻌﻰ اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗوﻓﯾر اﺣﺗﯾﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺷﻌب ﺑﻛل اﻟﺳﺑل وھذا ﯾﺳﺗﻠزم زﯾﺎدة اﻹﻧﺗﺎج وﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻧﺳل‬-١
. ‫ إن اﻟﺳد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻌﻧﻰ ﻟﻛل اﻟﻣﺻرﯾن ﻣﯾﺎھﺎ ﺗروى اﻷرض وﺗﺣﻣﻰ اﻟﺷﻌب ﻣن اﻟﺟﻔﺎف وﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﺗدﯾر ﻣﺻﺎﻧﻌﮫ‬-٢
‫ ﻣﺎرس ﻣن ﻛل ﻋﺎم‬٢١ ‫ ﺟرت اﻟﻌﺎدة آن ﺗﺣﺗﻔل ﻛل آﺳرة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر ﺑﻌﯾد اﻷم ﯾوم‬-٣
. ‫ ﻟﻘد وھب ﷲ ﻣﺻر ﻛﺛﯾراً ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ ﻟو أﺣﺳن اﺳﺗﻐﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻷﺻﺑﺣﻧﺎ ﻣن أﻏﻧﻰ اﻟدول‬-٤
. ‫ إن ﺗزاﯾد اﻟﺳﻛﺎن ﻓﻰ اﻟدول اﻟﻧﺎﻣﯾﺔ ﯾﻌوﻗﮭﺎ ﻋن اﻟﺗﻘدم اﻟﺳرﯾﻊ‬-٥
. ‫ ﻣﺳﺋوﻟﯾﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺻري ﺗﺟﺎه اﻷﺷﺟﺎر واﻟزھور ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﻘﻠل ﻣن ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﻠوث اﻟﺑﯾﺋﻲ‬-٦
.‫ إن اﻟﺿوﺿﺎء اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺑﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻣدﻧﯾﺔ أﻟﺣدﯾﺛﮫ ﺗؤﺛر ﺗﺄﺛﯾرا ﺳﯾﺋﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻣﻌﻧﺎ‬-٧
.‫ ﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧظﺎﻓﺔ ﻣدﯾﻧﺗك وﻻ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻗﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﻗﺎت وﻻ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧﮭر ﻛﻰ ﺗﻌﯾش ﻓﻰ ﺑﯾﺋﺔ ﻧظﯾﻔﺔ وﺻﺣﯾﺔ‬-٨
.‫ ﻣن اﻟﺿرورى ﺗﻧﺎول اﻟﺧﺿروات واﻟﻔﺎﻛﮭﺔ اﻟطﺎزﺟﺔ ﯾوﻣﯾﺎ ﻟﻠﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﺑﻘﺎء ﺑﺻﺣﺔ ﺟﯾدة‬-٩
Unit 7 Modal Verbs ( Obligation ) ‫اﻟﺿرورة واﻻﻟزام‬
must = have to / have got to / need to
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن إﻟزام وﺿرورة ﻣﻔروﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﯾﻧﺎ طﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻘواﻋد وﻟواﺋﺢ وﻗواﻧﯾن‬
- You must come on time - You have to obey the rules - You need to follow the traffic rules .
must / have to ‫ھﻧﺎك ﻓرق واﺧﺗﻼف ﺑﯾن‬
‫ ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﻔﯾد اﻟزام ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬have to ‫ اﻟزام داﺧﻠﻲ اﻣﺎ‬must ‫ﺣﯾث ﺗﻔﯾد‬
- I must buy my friends a present for his birthday party . - I have to wear a seat built while driving my car .
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗوﺟﯾﮫ دﻋوة أو اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺗرﺷﯾﺣﺎت‬Must ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
- You must come and see us at the weekend. - You must try a piece of my cake. - You must read this book
:must / have to / will have to ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺿرورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
-I'll have to get up early tomorrow. I'll have to send the fax tomorrow.
:‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳؤال ﺑدون ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﺳؤال‬Must ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
· Must he send the e-mail now?
:do/does/did ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳؤال ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻌﮭﻣﺎ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬have to / need to ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
· Do you have to do the job now? · Does she need to go now? · Did she have to borrow that
money?
:‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳؤال ﺑدون ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬have got to ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
· Have you got to be at the office every day? · Has that man got to carry all the boxes by himself?
had to ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺿرورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
- We had to take a taxi as it was raining heavily.
Lack of necessity ‫ﻋدم وﺟود ﺿرورة‬
:‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻋدم اﻟﺿرورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬
don't ( doesn't ) have to / don't ( doesn't ) need to / needn't
- Tomorrow is a holiday, so you don't need to go to bed early.
- She has taken this exam twice before so she doesn't have to take it
:‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻋدم اﻟﺿرورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬
didn't have to = didn't need to
:‫ ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣدث ﻟم ﯾﺗم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻛوﻧﮫ ﻏﯾر ﺿروري‬didn't have to + inf. ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬-
- I didn't have to go to school yesterday. It was a holiday.
:‫ ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣدث ﺗم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن ﻛوﻧﮫ ﻏﯾر ﺿروري‬needn't have + PP. ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
-You needn't have brought your umbrella. It's not going to rain.
Prohibition ‫ اﻟﺣظر‬- ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻊ‬
:‫ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن أن ﺷﻲء ﻣﻣﻧوع أو ﻏﯾر ﻣﺳﻣوح ﺑﮫ أو ﺗﺗرﺗب ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﺳﯾﺋﺔ إذا ﻗﻣﻧﺎ ﺑﮫ‬Must not / Mustn't ‫¨ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
Mustn't = (be) not allowed = (be) not permitted to = (be) banned from = (be) prohibited from
= (be) forbidden to
-You mustn't drive the car over 70 on this road . You will pay a fine .
- You mustn't drink this water , it's poisonous .
Be to + inf.
:‫¨ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ھذا اﻟﺗرﻛﯾب ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺧطط وﺗرﺗﯾﺑﺎت وﻛذﻟك اﻻﻟزام واﻟﺿرورة ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ اﻷواﻣر‬
· The President is to visit Italy next month.. · Mona and Ali are to get married in June.
· You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
· I had instructions that I was to leave the door unlocked when I came home.
3- Advisability
‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻧﺻﯾﺣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬should/ought to / had better + inf. ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
If I were you, I'd… = It’s a good idea to…. = It’s advisable to….= It’s desirable to…+ inf.
· You should look for a new job. · You shouldn't look at the sun. It's very dangerous.
· You had better not look at the sun. It's very dangerous.
‫ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن أن ﺷﻲء ﻛﺎن ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﺣدث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ وﻟم ﯾﺗم وﻧﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻧوﺟﮫ اﻟﻠوم ﻟﺷﺧص ﻟﻌدم ﻗﯾﺎﻣﮫ‬should have + PP. ‫¨ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫ﺑﻌﻣل‬
You should have done your homework yesterday. You shouldn't have parked your car here. It's a 'No Parking'
area.
1- We…………..to read a summary of a book in English next week.
a. must b. had c. have d. will
2- She …………. help her husband by working in his shop,
a. didn't have b. will have c. have to d. had to
3- The book is about a girl who …………… travel into space.
a. must b. have to c. didn't have d. need
4- She ……….. have worried because the book was very successful.
a. didn't need b. hadn't needed c. needed d. needn't
5- I don't ……………. read "A Wrinkle in Time" for school.
a. must b. need c. have to d. needn't
6- You ………………. come round to my house when you've finished reading the story.
a. has to b. must c. have d. needn't to
7-You ……………..park there. It says, 'No Parking'.
a. must b. don't have to c. needn't d. mustn't
8- You ……………. park there. There's a better place here.
a. needn't b. mustn't c. don't have d. doesn't have
9- My sister made a cake. You ……………… try it. It's lovely!
a. have to b. had to c. must d. needn't
10- We can walk to the bookshop if you want, but we ………….. The bus goes there.
a. mustn't b. needn't to c. don't have to d. don't have
11- You ……… to run next time to the swimming pool. You might fall over.
a. needn't b. don't have c. mustn't d. must
12- In England, most people ………….work until they are 67.
a. must b. have to c. are allowed d. are prohibited
13- I ………….. buy some bread from the shops. Don't let me forget.
a. must b. have to c. need d. needn't to
14- We ………….. run to the museum because it was already closed when we got there.
a. didn't have to b. needn't have c. mustn't d. don't have to
15- Poor Walid broke his leg yesterday and, …………… to hospital.
a. had to go b. must go c. needn't have gone d. needed go
16- I …………remember to visit my grandmother this weekend. I haven't visited her about a month.
a. had to b. have to c. must d. need
17- I ………….. more bread. We already have a tot.
a. mustn't buy b. needn't have bought c. didn't have bought d. needn't have to buy
18- She isn't late for school so she …………… hurry.
a. has to b. doesn't have to c. mustn't d. didn't need
19- You………… park here. I mean you are allowed to park here.
a. mustn't b. aren't allowed c. are prohibited d. aren't needed
20- We…………. buy a present for Ali's birthday.
a. have to b. need c. must d. are forced
21 - You ………....... to show your passport when you leave the country.
a. must b. have c. had d. needn't
22- You'll………….. buy a ticket before you travel on the train.
a. must b. have to c. don't have to d. need
23- Mona ………….. to take her sunglasses because it was cloudy.
a. mustn't b. didn't have c. needn't d. doesn't have
24- Yunis…………… do the maths exercise again because he got it all wrong,
a. had to b. will have c. didn't have d. needed
25- We've moved to a new house, so you ………come round and see it.
a. needn't b. had to c. have to d. must
26- You ……………cleaned the windows because a man comes to wash them every week.
 a. must have b. needn't c. needn't to have d. needn't have
27- We……………pass our exams to get into university.
a. have to b. mustn't c. need d. must have
28- They…………… leave the school yesterday after they heard the fire bell.
a. must b. have to c. need to d. had to
29- I ……………..stop eating sweets! They are bad for me.
a. must b. have to c. need d. needn't
30- You …………..put the newspaper on the oven. It might burn.
a. mustn't b. should c. needn't d. don't have to
31 – Tarek……………… get the bus to the park. My father can take him in our car.
a. mustn't b. needn't to c. doesn't have to d. have to
32- The students …………written all those notes. All the information is typed for them,
a. needn't b. mustn't c. didn't have d. needn't have
33- Karim was already at the sports centre when I arrived, so I ………send him a text telling him to
meet us there.
a. had to b. need to c. will have to d. didn't have to
34-……….we have eggs or beans for breakfast tomorrow? You choose.
a.must b. Might c. Need d Could
35- ………… you make that noise? It is really annoying.
a. Can b. Could c. Must d. Might
36- Do you ………….wear those shoes to work? Are they part of the dress code?
a. have to b. must c. should d. could
37- Yasmin ………….. be careful with what she eats because she has diabetes.
a. would b. needs to c. ought d. could
38- Yusuf and Hani …………….. be home by eight. That's a family rule.
a. has to b. could c. can d. have to
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- You ………………….……. exceed the speed limit. It is against the law.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. forbidden d. not allowed
2- You ………………….. do your homework before you go to bed. That's my advice.
a. must to b. ought c. should d. may
3- You …………….………. touch that pan. It's very hot.
a. should b. must not to c. mustn't d. must
4- You ……………………..…. try playing tennis, it's a great game.
a. must b. has to c. have to d. should
5- You'd better ………………… with such bad company.
a. not to work b. not work c. working d. work
6- You are tired. You ……………..……… to have some rest.
a. must b. should c. need d. could
7- Oh! I'm so late. I …………………….…. leave now.
a. should b. must c. have to d. had
8- You ……………………. smoke in hospitals.
a. must b. should c. mustn't d. have to
9- You ………. use your mobile phone while you are driving your car. It's against the law.
a. shouldn't b. mustn't c. must d. don't have to
10- You …………….…….. exceed the speed limit.
a. can b. should c. may d. aren't allowed to
11- People …………………….. break the law to avoid punishment.
a. needn’t b. mustn’t c. shouldn’t d. wouldn’t
12- Sweets are bad for health. You ………………… eat them.
 a. should b. shouldn’t c. must d. couldn’t
13- ………….. eat food from a damaged tin.
a. Shouldn’t b. Always c. Mustn’t d. Don’t
14- You ………………….…. go and see your sick grandfather in hospital.
a. should b. have c. ought d. shouldn't
15- You ……………………….. to start revising immediately.
a. are b. needn't c. must d. should
16- You ……………………. wash if you've touched an infected bird.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. must d. should
17- You …………………. always wash your hands before you eat.
a. need b. should c. have d. ought
18- You ……………………. touch that plate. It is very hot.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. oughtn't d. don't have to
19- You ………………….…. sit on that wall. It isn't safe.
a. mightn't b. shouldn't c. needn't d. should
20- You …………………….. be very careful when you cross a road.
a. mustn't b. must c. shouldn't d. can't
21- Drivers …………….. stop when the traffic light ُ ◌is red.
a. can b. should c. must d. need
22- A good teacher ……..………. to be cooperative with ◌ٓthe students.
a. should b. must c. have d. ought
23- You ………… talk so loudly in the school library. It is forbidden.
a. shouldn't b. mustn't c. needn't d. oughtn't
24- Drivers …………….… follow traffic rules.
a. should b. need c. must d. can
25- You mustn't smoke in hospitals. It is …………
a. necessary b. allowed c. forbidden d. permitted
26- You are getting too fat. You ……………………. go to the gym.
a. need b. may c. ought d. should
27- You ………………..….. not to eat crisps
a. should b. must c. ought d. could
28- You ………………. smoke here. The sign says, “No smoking.”
a. couldn’t b. shouldn’t c. mustn’t d. haven’t
29- If you’ve touched an infected bird ◌ٓ you ………….. wash.
a. should b. shouldn’t c. must d. mustn’t
30- You should ………… water before you drink it.
a. to boil b. boiling c. boiled d. boil
31- The tourists …………….. visit the museum. It's very interesting.
a. must b. mustn’t c. has to d. might
32- It’s against the law to park here. You ………………. do so.
a. mustn’t b. wouldn’t c. shouldn’t d. don’t need to
33- Drivers …………….. drive their cars faster than the speed limit .
a. must b. can c. mustn’t d. may
34- People mustn’t take dogs into public places. It is ………………...
a. allowed b. permitted c. not forbidden d. disallowed
35- You ………………. revise well before the test. It’s advisable to do so.
a. can b. might c. should d. ought
36- You ……………….. better not neglect your lessons.
 a. should b. will c. had d. would
37- It’s necessary for him to obey his teachers. He ……………… do so.
a. can b. must c. better d. need
38- You ……………… boil water before you drink it.
a. shouldn’t b. should c. has to d. don’t have to
39- You aren't ………….. to climb the trees here. You mustn’t climb them.
a. permitted b. banned c. prohibited d. forbidden
40- It’s necessary for him to obey his teachers. He …………………. do so.
a. may b. might c. must d. can
41- He …………………. take his medicine so as not to be seriously ill .
a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. ought d. must
42- You …………………… eat too much chocolate. It’s unhealthy.
a. should b. shouldn’t c. must d. wouldn’t
43- You aren't permitted to climb the trees here. You ……………….. climb them.
a. can’t b. might c. had better d. needn’t
44- You ………………. use your mobile phone while you are driving.
a. needn’t b. don’t have to c. don’t need to d. mustn’t
45- You should …………………… playing tennis. It's a great game.
a. trying b. be tried c. try d. tried
46- You ………………….. stay here. It is not allowed.
a. mustn’t b. must c. must to d. mustn’t to
47- Students …………….…. wear their school uniform. It’s a school rule.
a. must b. mustn’t c. should d. shouldn’t
48- You ……………….…. to work harder to win the prize.
a. should b. must c. ought d. mustn’t
49- You must ……………..…. your friends in need.
a. to help b. helping c. should help d. help
50- Pupils …………………..…. be obedient to their teachers.
a. shouldn’t b. should c. mustn’t d. need
51- The flight is at six in the morning. I …………………… to get up very early.
a. must b. will have c. must be d. will need to be
52- You ……………….. come and see us at the weekend.
a. better b. have c. must d. ought
53- I have no money. I ………………. to get some from my bank.
a. need b. must c. should d. can
54- When you’re on holiday, you …………………… to go to bed early.
a. don’t need b. needn’t c. mustn’t d. necessary
55- Is it a ………………….. to change the frame?
a. must b. necessary c. necessarily d. should
56- If you can’t dictate your conditions, you ……………….. negotiate.
a. will b. are going to c. should d. need
57- You …………………. be late for your lesson.
a. must b. should c. oughtn’t d. shouldn’t
58- I ………………. forgotten my homework at home. The teacher will surely punish me.
a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. hadn’t d. oughtn’t
59- You …………………….. have bought any rice because we already have a lot.
a. needn’t b. mustn’t c. didn’t need d. didn’t
60- You ………………… go to school today. It’s a holiday.
 a. don’t have to b. don’t need c. needn’t to d. don’t need to be

Test 7
Vocabulary and Structure
1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Showering only once a week is not very ………………………………….
a. hygiene b. hygienic c. health d. genetic
2- . ……………… conditions at the hotel were bad so some residents left it.
a. Santa b. Saint c. Sent d. Sanitary
3- . ………………. clean is a must for all hospitals.
a. Making b. Being c. Doing d. Taking
4- …………… sure that flies and insects don't land on your food.
a. Take b. Do c. Make d. Give
5- Mary needs at ……………………. £1,000 to pay for her holiday.
a. last b. least c. lost d. loss
6- ……………… of personal hygiene must be followed.
a. Rolls b. Rules c. Roles d. Rays
7- Rooms are equipped with a soft mattress and fresh ……………….. .
a. bed b. bedding c. pods d. abide
8- I’m ………………. to penicillin. I can’t take it.
a. worthwhile b. harmful c. bright d. allergic
9- There’s a fire, call the ……………… services at once.
a. nutrition b. emergency c. curiosity d. dangerous
10- First ……………… is immediate assistance given to an ill person.
a. aid b. place c. medicine d. cure
11- Drivers of motorbikes ……………… wear a helmet. This is a rule.
a. must b. should c. might d. better
12- You’d ……………… smoke as it is harmful.
a. better not b. mustn’t c. shouldn’t d. oughtn’t to
13- It is …………………. that you follow the doctor’s advice.
a. must b. mustn’t c. musts d. a must
14- I should ……………… some exercise if I want to feel fine.
a. be taken b. take c. taking d. taken
15- You ……………….. touch anything electrical if you are in the bath.
a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. wouldn’t d. better not
16- You look tired. I think you ………………. to take a few days off.
a. should b. ought c. must d. can
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2) Fill in the gaps: (4 Marks)
Last night I planned to go out. My friends suggested … (1) …. to a disco and I had agreed to meet
them there. The disco is quite a long way away so I knew I would be home later … (2)… usual. I thought I
… (3)… to ask dad if that would be okay. He usually lets me do what I want. But this time he refused to
allow me to go out alone. He ordered me to go to my bedroom, … (4)… I spent a very boring evening.
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(C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books
3) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Being healthy means being free of disease or injury and able to lead a fulfilling, active life. Many
factors contribute to a person's health including genes, the environment, nutrition, life style and luck.In
poor countries, dirty water and lack of adequate food are among the main causes of poor health.
Infectious diseases such as Malaria and AIDS are also major problems especially in countries that cannot
afford modern drugs and medical equipment.
 In rich countries, health problems are more often caused by people's life style. Anything that damages
the body or how it works, can be called a disease. Some diseases are caused by micro-organisms,
germs, others by injury or poisons from the body itself. Nearly all diseases can be treated by modern
medicine to some extent.
The most common infectious diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses. Bacteria are single -
celled organisms that live outside our cells. They multiply in blood fluids and wounds. Many are killed with
drugs called antibiotics. Viruses are microscopic particles with their own genetic material. They live
in purr cells and take them over, but cannot survive without them.

A) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- In countries that cannot afford modern drugs, diseases such as ...... are major problems.
a) stomachaches b) headaches c) colds and flu d) Malaria and AIDS
2- Anything that damages the body or how it works, can be called a/ an ................................... .
a) germ b) disease c) insect d) pest
3- Bacteria are single- celled organisms that multiply in ................................. .
a) clean water b) healthy food c) balanced diet d) blood fluids and wounds
4- The most common infectious diseases are caused by................................... .
a) bacteria b) viruses c) water d) bacteria and viruses
B) Answer the following questions:
5- What does being healthy mean?
6- What are the factors that contribute to a person's health?
7- What are the main causes of poor health in poor countries?

E- Writing
4) Write an essay about one of the following :
1- How to avoid illness by following pieces of advice on the rules of good health
2- How to act if there is a fire in the building you’re in
F- Translation
5) A) Translate Into Arabic:
1- Useful advice to avoid road accidents is to wear a seat belt even if you are not going very far.
2- If you have touched an infected bird, you must wash very well in order not to catch bird flu.

B) Translate into English:

ً ‫§ ﻣن اﻟﻣﮭم‬
. ‫ﺟدا أن ﺗﻛون اﻷﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣطﺎﻋم واﻟﻔﻧﺎدق واﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﯾﺎت واﻟﻣدارس ﻧظﯾﻔﺔ وﺻﺣﯾﺔ‬
.‫§ اﻟﻧظﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ ھﻰ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻔﻌﻠﮭﺎ اﻹﻧﺳﺎن ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺣﺗﮫ‬
 Key words
click ُ َْ
‫ﯾﻧﻘر‬ chat ‫ُﯾدَ ْردِش ﻋﺑر اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬
familiar ‫َﻣﺄﻟوف‬ feedback ِ ‫َﺗﻐذِﯾﺔ‬
‫راﺟﻌﺔ‬
an app ‫ﺗطﺑﯾق‬ a quiz َ ُ - ‫ا ِْﺧﺗِﺑﺎر َﻗﺻﯾر‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
invent ‫ﯾﺧﺗرع‬ online ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺗرﻧت‬
invention َ َ
‫أﺧﺗراع‬ brainstorm ‫ﻋﺻف ذھﻧﻰ‬
inventor ‫ُﻣﺧﺗرع‬ navigate ‫ُْﯾﺑﺣِر‬/ ‫ﯾﺗﻧﻘل‬
vehicle َ َ / ‫ﻋرﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻣرﻛﺑﺔ‬ َ َ navigation ‫ اﺑﺣﺎر‬/ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﺔ‬
GPS ‫ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ إس ) اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬ consequences ‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬
technology ( ‫اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ‬ communicate ‫ﯾﺗواﺻل‬
technological ‫ﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﻰ‬ communication ‫اﺗﺻﺎﻻت‬
get round ‫ﯾﺳﺎﻓر ﻣن ﻣﻛﺎن ﻻﺧر‬ Hybrid vehicles ‫ﻣرﻛﺑﺎت ھﺟﯾﻧﮫ ) ﺗﺳﯾر ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻧزﯾن و‬
get around ‫ﯾﺳﺗوﻋب‬ Smartphone (‫ذﻛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬
‫ھﺎﺗف‬

Vocabulary
the internet َْ
‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧِت‬ habit ‫ﻋﺎدة‬
device ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ below ‫اﺳﻔل‬
abroad ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧﺎرج‬ system ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
fortunately ‫ﻟﺣﺳن اﻟﺣظ‬ exactly ‫ﺑﺎﻟظﺑط‬
cause ‫ﺳﺑب‬ remember ‫ﯾﺗذﻛر‬
steam ‫ﺑﺧﺎر‬ stress ‫ﺗوﺗر‬
mention ‫ﯾذﻛر‬ advantages ‫ﻣﯾزاﯾﺎ‬
tip ‫ﻧﺻﯾﺣﺔ‬ relax ‫ﯾﺳﺗرﺧﻰ‬
global ‫ ﻋﺎﻟﻣﻰ‬/ ‫ﻛوﻧﻰ‬ control ‫ﯾﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ‬
position ‫ﻣوﻗﻊ‬ factory ‫ﻣﺻﻧﻊ‬
useful ‫ﻣﻔﯾد‬ boil ‫ﯾﻐﻠﻰ‬
petrol ‫ﺑﻧزﯾن‬ possible ‫ﻣﻣﻛن‬
electricity ‫ﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬ probable ‫ﻣﺣﺗﻣل‬
engine ‫ﻣﺣرك‬ discuss ‫ﯾﻧﺎﻗش‬
translation ‫ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬ discussion ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬
project ‫ﻣﺷروع‬ map ‫ﺧرﯾطﺔ‬
button ‫زرار‬ expensive ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻰ‬
air-conditioning ‫ﻧظﺎم ﺗﻛﯾﯾف‬ electric ‫ﻛﮭرﺑﻰ‬
grade ‫ ﺻف دراﺳﻰ‬/ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ cost ‫ﯾﻛﻠف‬
unlikely ‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﺣﺗﻣل‬ disadvantage ‫ﻋﯾوب‬
improve ‫ُﯾﺣﺳن‬ a company ‫ﺷرﻛﺔ‬
go out ‫ﯾﺧرج‬ company ‫ رﻓﻘﺔ‬/ ‫ﺻﺣﺑﺔ‬
find out ‫ﯾﻛﺗﺷف‬ positive x negative ‫ ﺳﻠﺑﻰ‬x ‫اﯾﺟﺎﺑﻰ‬
robot ( ‫روﺑوت ) اﻧﺳﺎن آﻟﻰ‬ decline ‫ ﯾﺗدھور‬/ ‫ ﯾﻧﺣط‬/ ‫ﯾﻧﺧﻔِض‬ َ َ
distance ‫ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ‬ conduct ‫ُﯾﺟري‬/‫ ﯾوﺻل‬/ ‫ﺳﻠوك‬
distant ‫ﺑﻌﯾد‬ position ‫ َوظﯾﻔﺔ‬/ ‫ﻣوﻗِﻊ‬
ْ َ / ‫وﺿﻊ‬ْ َ
Hybrid ( ‫ھﺟﯾن ) ﺧﻠﯾط‬ views ‫ ﻣﻧﺎظر طﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ‬/ ‫وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧظر‬
posts ‫ﻣﻧﺷورات‬ Related to ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑـــ‬/ ‫ﻣرﺗﺑط‬
essay ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ great ‫ ﺿﺧم‬/ ‫ ﻛﺑﯾر‬/ ‫ﻋظﯾم‬
consequences ‫ ﻋواﻗب‬/ ‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ comments ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻘﺎت‬
useful ‫ﻣﻔﯾد‬ Fortunately ‫ﻟﺣﺳن اﻟﺣظ‬
project ‫ﻣﺷروع‬ Fun ‫ ﻣرح‬/ ‫ﻣﺗﻌﺔ‬
navigate ‫ﯾﺗﻧﻘل‬/ ‫ُْﯾﺑﺣِر‬ machine ‫أﻟﮫ‬
 get around ‫ ﯾﺗﻧﻘل‬/ ‫ﯾﺳﺎﻓر‬ control ‫ﯾﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ‬
habit ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ boil ‫ﯾﻐﻠﻲ‬
steam ‫ﺑﺧﺎر‬ unlikely ‫ﻣن ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣل‬
grade ‫ﺗﻘدﯾر او درﺟﺔ دراﺳﯾﺔ‬ possible ‫ﻣﻣﻛن‬
weekend ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻻﺳﺑوع‬ language ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
lead to ‫ﯾؤدي اﻟﻰ‬ Smartphone ‫ھﺎﺗف ذﻛﻲ‬
type ‫ﻧوع‬ texts ‫ﻧﺻوص‬
tablet ‫ﺟﮭﺎز ﻟوﺣﻲ‬ stress ‫ﺿﻐط ﻋﺻﺑﻲ‬
transport ‫ﯾﻧﻘل‬ stressful ‫ﺿﺎﻏط او ﻣﺟﮭد‬
popular ‫ﻣﻌروف او ﻣﺣﺑوب‬ stressed ‫ﻣﺿﻐوط ﻋﺻﺑﯾﺎ‬
results ‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ understanding ‫ﻓﮭم‬
effect ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ exactly ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺿﺑط‬
terrible ‫ ﻓظﯾﻊ‬/ ‫رھﯾب‬ memory ‫ذاﻛرة‬
cultures ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎت او ﺣﺿﺎرات‬ appear ‫ﯾظﮭر‬
abroad ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺎرج‬ wheels ‫ﻋﺟﻼت‬
connect ‫ﯾﺗﺻل او ﯾوﺻل‬ directions ‫اﺗﺟﺎھﺎت‬
fridge ‫ﺛﻼﺟﺔ‬ mistakes ‫اﺧطﺎء‬
drop ‫ﯾﺳﻘط‬ sink ‫ﯾﻐوص او ﯾﻐرق‬
waste ‫ ﻧﻔﺎﯾﺔ وﻓﺿﻼت‬/ ‫ﯾﮭدر‬ melt ‫ﯾﻧﺻﮭر‬
access ‫ﻣدﺧل‬ toy ‫ﻟﻌﺑﺔ اطﻔﺎل‬
consult ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺷﯾر‬ properly ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟوﺟﮫ اﻻﻛﻣل‬
download ‫ﯾﺣﻣل ﻣن اﻻﻧﺗرﻧت‬ collection ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن‬
upload ‫ﯾرﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺗرﻧت‬ progress ‫ﺗﻘدم‬
press ‫ ﯾﺿﻐط‬/ ‫ﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ‬ true ‫ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬
interest ‫اھﺗﻣﺎم‬ social ‫اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ‬
real ‫ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ accounts ‫ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت‬
printing ‫طﺑﺎﻋﺔ‬ philosopher ‫ﻓﯾﻠﺳوف‬
positive ‫اﯾﺟﺎﺑﻲ‬ documentary ‫وﺛﺎﺋﻘﻲ‬
clearly ‫ﺑوﺿوح‬ surprising ‫ﻣدھش‬
imagine ‫ﯾﺗﺧﯾل‬ argue ‫ﯾﺟﺎدل‬
admit ‫ﯾﻌﺗرف‬ guess ‫ﯾﺧﻣن‬
share ‫ﯾﺷﺎرك‬ details ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل‬
personal ‫ﺷﺧﺻﻲ‬ collect ‫ﯾﺟﻣﻊ‬
specific ‫ﻣﺣدد او ﻣﻌﯾن‬ choice ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬

Definitions
familiar ‫َﻣﺄﻟوف‬ well-known to you and easy to recognize.
invention َ َ
‫أﺧﺗراع‬ a useful machine, tool, instrument etc that has been invented.
navigate ‫ُﺑﺣر‬ ِ ْ‫ﯾ‬ to find a way when you are travelling from one place to another
vehicle َ
‫ﻣرﻛﺑﺔ‬ َ / ‫ﻋرﺑﺔ‬ َ َ a machine that takes people or things from one place to another,
GPS a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show your
(‫ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ إس )اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ‬ exact position on the Earth on
Hybrid vehicles
vehicles that use both petrol and electricity to drive the engine.
( ‫ﻣرﻛﺑﺎت ھﺟﯾﻧﮫ ) ﺗﺳﯾر ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻧزﯾن و اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬
an app ‫اﺧﺗﺻﺎر ﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗطﺑﯾق‬ ِ software on your smartphone
quiz ‫ُﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬ - ‫ﻗﺻﯾر‬ َ ‫اﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ِِْ questions to find out how much you know
to chat ‫ُدَردش ﻋﺑر اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ِ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ to communicate with other people online
feedback ‫راﺟﻌﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻐذﯾﺔ‬ ِ َ information about how well or badly you did something
find out ‫ﯾﻛﺗﺷف‬ learn something that you didn’t know before
get around ‫ﯾﺗﺟول او ﯾﺳﺎﻓر او ﯾﺗﻧﻘل‬ travel from place to place
go out ‫ﯾﺧرج ﻟﻠﻧزھﺔ‬ leave your home to do something fun with other people
a translation ‫ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬ words changed into another language
 Reading
What is the best invention that we have today and why is it so great?
Please leave your comments below.
Baher 12 minutes ago
The internet is the best invention that we have today. You can find information about anything
you’re interested in. It’s really useful if you need to find out something for a school project, for
example. I’d never be able to do my homework without it! The internet also makes life easier in your
free time. You can buy anything you want online with a click of a button. You can also communicate
with your friends easily, even if they live abroad.

Khadeeja 23 minutes ago

In my opinion, GPS (Global Positioning System) is the best invention. GPS helps you to navigate
your journey from one place to another. You can use it when you visit a town that you aren’t familiar
with. In the past, people needed maps to get around, but GPS is more useful because it just tells you
what to do. If you don’t know how to get somewhere, the technology will tell you exactly where to go.

Most cars, buses and other vehicles need petrol, but petrol is becoming more expensive. What
would we do if we didn’t have petrol? Fortunately, we now have hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles use
both petrol and electricity to drive the engine. For this reason, the vehicle uses a lot less petrol. There
are also cars that are only electric. At the moment, they cannot go long distances, although they are
useful to travel short distances, like to school or to the shops.

Opposites
above ‫ﻓوق‬ below ‫أﺳﻔل‬
popular ‫ ﻣﺄﻟوف‬- ‫ﻣﺣﺑوب – ﺷﻌﺑﻲ‬ unpopular ‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﺣﺑوب‬
disappear ‫ﯾﺧﺗﻔﻲ‬ appear ‫ﯾظﮭر‬
turned on َ
(‫اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
ُ ْ ‫ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ْ ُ
ِ ‫ﯾﺷﻌِل )ا‬ turn off َ
(‫اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
ُ ْ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ِ ) ‫ﯾطﻔِﻰء‬ ْ ُ
affect ‫ﯾؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ affected by ‫ﯾﺗﺄﺛر ﺑـــ‬
send ‫ُﯾرﺳل‬ receive ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬
close to ‫َﻗرﯾب ﻣِن‬ far from/ remote ِ َ ُْ
‫ َﺑﻌﯾد ِﺟدًا ﻋن‬/ ‫ﻣﻧﻌزل‬
easier ‫اﺳﮭل‬ more difficult / harder ‫أﻛﺛر ﺻﻌوﺑﺔ‬
online ‫ﻣﺗﺻل ﺑﺎﻟﻧت‬ offline ‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﺻل ﺑﺎﻟﻧت‬

Prepositions
communicate ‫ﯾﺗواﺻل ﻣﻊ‬ effect on ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ look after ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻧﻰ ﺑــ‬
interested in ‫ﻣﮭﺗم ﺑــ‬ go out ‫ﯾﺧرج‬ walk into ‫ﯾدﺧل اﻟﻰ‬
agree with ‫ﯾﺗﻔق ﻣﻊ‬ short for ‫اﺧﺗﺻﺎر ﻟــ‬ lead to ‫ﯾﻘود اﻟﻰ‬
disagree with ‫ﯾﺧﺗﻠف ﻣﻊ‬ change into ‫ﯾﺗﻐﯾر اﻟﻰ‬ find out ‫ﯾﻛﺗﺷف‬
suffer from ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻰ ﻣن‬ worry about ‫ﻗﻠق ﻋﻠﻰ‬ depend on ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ‬
refer to ‫ﯾﺷﯾر إﻟﻰ‬ go down ‫ﺗﻧﺧﻔض‬ compare to ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن ﺑــ‬
 Expressions
in one hand ‫ﻣن ﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬
On the other hand ‫وﻣن ﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ أﺧرى‬
GPS (Global Positioning System) (‫)اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ‬
from one place to another ‫ﻣن ﻣﻛﺎن إﻟﻰ آﺧر‬
For this reason ‫ﻟﮭذا اﻟﺳﺑب‬
go long distances ‫اﻟﺳﯾر ) اﻟذھﺎب ( ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت طوﯾﻠﺔ‬
get around ( ‫اﻟﺗﻧﻘل ) اﻟﺳﻔر ﻣن ﻣﻛﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻣﻛﺎن‬
do something faster ‫ﺗﻔﻌل ﺷﯾﺋﺎ أﺳرع‬
make things ‫ﯾﺻﻧﻊ اﺷﯾﺎء‬
get information ‫اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬
change into another language ‫ُﯾﻐﯾر اﻟﻰ إﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ أﺧرى‬
new type of ‫ﻧوع ﺟدﯾد ﻣن‬
lead to a lot of stress ‫ﯾؤدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻹﺟﮭﺎد‬
stop people enjoying their free time ‫ﯾﻣﻧﻊ اﻟﻧﺎس ﻣن ان ﯾﺗﻣﺗﻌون ﺑوﻗت ﻓراﻏﮭم‬
it’s easy to ‫ﻓﺎﻧﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺳﮭل ان‬
good for some people in the world, but bad for others ‫ وﻟﻛن ﺳﯾﺋﮫ‬، ‫ﺟﯾده ﻟﺑﻌض اﻟﻧﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬
a better understanding ‫ﻓﮭﻣﺎ ً أﻓﺿل‬
have a terrible memory ‫ﻟدﯾﮫ ذاﻛره رھﯾﺑﮫ‬
drop a stone into the river ‫ُﯾﺳﻘط ﺣﺟر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﮭر‬
for or against ‫ﻣﻊ ام ﺿد‬
In conclusion ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧﺗﺎم‬

Translation Words
sovereignty ‫ﺳﯾﺎدة‬ areas of specialization ‫ﻣﺟﺎﻻت اﻟﺗﺧﺻص‬
economic stagnation ‫رﻛود اﻗﺗﺻﺎدي‬ from a legal standpoint ‫ﻣن وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظر اﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬
statistics ‫إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺎت‬ alternative strategy ‫إﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺔ ﺑدﯾﻠﺔ‬
summit conference ‫ﻣؤﺗﻣر ﻗﻣﺔ‬ economic supremacy ‫ﺗﻔوق اﻗﺗﺻﺎدي‬
unrest ‫ ﻗﻼﻗل‬/ ‫اﺿطراﺑﺎت‬ vitality ‫ﺣﯾوﯾﺔ‬
global village ‫ﻗرﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬ globalization ‫اﻟﻌوﻟﻣﺔ‬
extinction ‫اﻧﻘراض‬ expansion ‫ﺗوﺳﻊ‬
epidemic = pandemic ‫وﺑﺎء‬ marketing ‫اﻟﺗﺳوﯾق‬

Language Notes
Adjectives ending in (ed) & (ing)
adjectives ending in (ed) ‫ ﺗﻌﺑـر ﻋن أﺷﺧـﺎص‬ed ‫§ اﻟﺻﻔـﺎت اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾـﺔ ﺑـ‬
I'm very tired today. I'm interested in reading books.
adjectives (ing) ‫ ﺗﻌﺑـر ﻋـن أﺷﯾـﺎء‬ing ‫§ أﻣـﺎ اﻟﺻﻔـﺎت اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾـﺔ ﺑـ‬
Shopping is very tiring. I watched a very interesting film yesterday.
adjectives (ing) .‫( ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗل إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺷﺧص ھو اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺑب ھذه اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬ing) ‫§ وﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺄﺗﻰ اﻟﺻﻔـﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾـﺔ ﺑــ‬
He is boring. ( It means that he causes boredom )

think
think of = think about ‫ ﻋﻧد اﻟﺳؤال ﻋن اﻟرأي‬/ ‫§ ﯾﻔﻛر ﻓﻲ‬
I'm thinking of / about buying a new What do you think of / about this shirt?
car.
think of ‫ ﯾﻔﻛر ﻓﻲ اﻵﺧرﯾن‬/ ‫§ ﯾﺗذﻛر‬
 I can't think of her name now. You should think of other people.
use to use for use as
use + object + to + inf ‫§ ﯾﺳﺗﺧـدم‬
We use wood to make furniture. ( use for )
use + object + for + ( v + ing ) ‫§ ﯾﺳﺗﺧـدم‬
We use wood for making furniture.
use as ‫§ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛـ‬
Wood is used as a fuel.
object
object to + n / (v + ing) (‫§ ﯾﻌﺗرض ) ﻓﻌـل‬
The committee strongly objected to the report's recommendations.
object (n ) ( ‫ ھدف ) اﺳـم‬/ ‫§ ﺷﻲء‬
Look, there's a strange object in the sky!
electric electrical
electric ( ‫§ ﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ) ﯾﻌﻣل ﺑﺎﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء أو ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬
Engineers have designed electric cars that use batteries. §
electrical ( ‫§ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻰ ) ﯾﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬
object
My uncle works as an electrical engineers.
learn – teach know – show
learn ‫ ــ‬teach + ( to + inf ) ‫ ( ﺃﻭ‬how to + inf ) ‫§ ﯾﺗﻌـﻠم ـ ﯾﻌـﻠم‬
She learns to cook. She learns how to cook.
know ‫ ــ‬show + ( how to + inf ) ‫§ ﯾﻌـرف ـ ﯾوﺿـﺢ‬
She knows how to cook.
help
help to + inf. ( to ) ‫§ ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻟﻣﺻدر ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ﺑـ‬
He helped me to do the job.
help + inf. ( to ) ‫§ ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻟﻣﺻدر ﺑـدون‬
He helped me do the job.
help with + n. ( with – in ) ‫§ ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻻﺳم ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ﺑـ‬
He helped me with the job.

system discipline
system ‫§ ﻧظﺎم ﻋﻣل‬
The work system here is very strict.
discipline ‫ اﻻﻧﺿﺑﺎط‬- ‫§ اﻟﻧظﺎم‬
His management is marked with discipline.
in the future in future
in the future (‫§ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل )ﻟم ﯾﺣن ﺑﻌد‬
In the future, there won't be many car accidents.
in future (from now on) َ‫§ ﻣن اﻵن ﻓﺻﺎﻋدا‬
Yes, in future, they will probably be two hundred metres long. §

result conclusion
result ‫§ ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬
The result of the theory must be compared with others.
conclusion ‫ اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج‬- ‫§ ﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ‬
When he smiled, I came to conclusion that he knew the truth.
 come round (around) travel round (around)
come round (around) ‫§ ﯾزور‬
Why don't you come round and ask my father to teach you?
travel round (around) ‫§ ﯾﺗﺟول‬
I'd like to travel round in my job and see many places?
thanks for thanks to
thanks for ‫§ ﯾﺷﻛر ﻋﻠﻲ‬
Thanks for your help. You're very kind.
thanks to + (noun ) or ( v+ing ) ‫ ﺑﺳﺑب‬- ‫§ ﺑﻔﺿل‬
Thanks to modern technology, the world is becoming smaller.
do better get better
do better ‫§ ﯾؤدي ﺑﺷﻛل أﻓﺿل‬
My brother has begun to do better at school.
get better ‫§ ﺗﺗﺣﺳن ﺻﺣﺗﮫ‬
The doctor says she will get better soon.

Can = am – is - are able to + inf

can + inf verb ‫§ ﯾﺳﺗطﯾـﻊ‬
He can swim. ( able )
be able to + inf adj ‫§ ﻗـﺎدر ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
He is able to swim. ( capable )
be capable of + v + ing adj ‫§ ﻗـﺎدر ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
He is capable of swimming. ( ability )
have the ability to + inf Noun ‫§ ﻟدﯾـﮫ اﻟﻘـدرة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
He has the ability to swim.
have the ability of + (v+ing) Noun ‫§ ﻟدﯾـﮫ اﻟﻘـدرة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
He has the ability of swimming.

1- ike reading(inline –online- outline-offline) posts about the advantages of new technology on different websites.
2- I read an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of( making-doing-meeting- having) technology in
the house.
3- We had a fruitful discussion( on-in-at-for ) how technology can improve learning .
4- He later realized the (sequences – consequences – squads – squires ) of his bad deeds .
5- People have different views ( related- relating- relation- relationship ) to technology.
6- The internet is the most useful invention if you need help( at-about – for- with) your school work.
6- Hybrid vehicles use ( either- neither – each- both ) petrol and electricity to drive the engine.
7-You can find information about anything you’re ( interested- fond-excited-interesting ) in.
8- I ( had- would- did – could) never be able to do my homework without the internet .
9- By just a few ( clocks- clicks- cloaks –clauses ) on the mouse you can buy what you want .
10- To operate this machine just press this ( desk- button- patron – bitty ) .
11- We can also( contact- communicate – connect- touch ) with your friends easily through the internet .
12- GPS stands for Global( Positioning – Positioned – Positional –positions ) System.
13- The Chinese were the first to ( do – make- invite- give ) the invention of papyrus .
14- What qualities shoud you have to ( make- be- do – invent ) a good inventor ?
15- GPS helps you to ( navigate- investigate – magistrate – state ) your journey from one place to another.
16- You can go from place to (other- another – others- either ) places easily by using GPS .
17- When he moved to his new neighborhood , he wasn’t ( famous- known – familiar – shown ) with this area .
18- Some tourists use maps in Cairo to get ( in – round – around – random ) .
19- GPS can just ( tell – say – mention – expect ) you what to do.
20- Most ( vehicles – carts – carriages – horses ) need fuel to run .
21- ( Hybrid- Hybird –Highlight-high heels ) vehicles use both petrol and electricity to drive the engine.
22- In some cars ( electric-electrical - electricity – electronics ) is needed to drive the engine.
23- People will use more ( electric-electrical - electricity – electronics ) cars in the near future .
24- We can see them in the ( distant – distance- destination – destiny ) .
25- Something that is well-known to you and easy to recognize is ( fabulous- knowing – familiar – shown )
26- ( Sail- Walk - Navigate-Travel ) is to find a way when you are travelling from one place to another.
27- He was asked to quit as he wasn't familiar ( in – at – of – with ) the team member .
28- I have chosen the robot ( like- as – such as – similar ) the best invention.
29- A robot is a ( tool- machine- appliance- advice ) that is controlled by a computer.
30- They left home to ( make- do –give-have ) something fun with other people.
31- I always ( make – do – have – give ) fun with my young children .
32- My friend has installed an ( air conditioning- air conditioner – air condition – condition ) at his home recently .
33- robots can ( do – make – give- take) a lot of things that can help us in our daily life .
34- Robots help many companies ( safe- save – safety –safely ) a lot of money .
35- You should make a good ( choose – shoes – choice- chose ) .
36- All what he says to me is ( usual – usually – unusual – visual ) true .
37- You need some help ( in – with – on – at ) your homework .
38- when I need something concerning my work , I ( look-find- research- serve ) online .
39- You should have a good ( degree- grade- grid – label ) to get through the final exam .
40- He was praised for the great project he had ( made – done – given – taken ) .
41- You can find a lot of information ( on – at – of – with ) the internet .
42- What would you do if you couldn’t use the internet ( never- ever-every- over ) again?
43- Using the internet sometimes ( do – make- causes – finds ) problems .
44- His illness is a direct ( cause- result – reason – justification ) of drinking polluted water .
45- She agreed ( to – with – on – about ) go with me to the gym .
46- Egypt is a ( leader – leading – leadership – leadless ) country in the region .
47- Polluting the air will lead to ( destroying – destroy – be destroying – have destroyed ) the world .
48- One day, we ( are –will – can – have ) all be able to explore the outer space .
49- You should (tell – talk- give – take ) an opinion about this matter .
50- How can technology help us to ( teach- learn-explain- qualify ) about our world ?
51- People should use ( worlds – words- wards –weirdoes ) to communicate with each other and to talk.
52- I had a test ( in – at - of – with ) how much I have learned .
53- When you change words into another language , then you are ( transplanting – translating- transporting –
transforming ) .
54- You can find ( at – on – of – out ) a lot of information online .
55- I had a ( speak- chat- chit – sheet ) with him on WhatsApp yesterday .
56-The information about how well or badly you did something is called (feedback- feed buck- feed rack –feed sack ).
57- I want to know the ( coast- cost- coarse- cast ) of an online course .
58- Language ( apes- ups- apps - abs ) are useful because they can help us to remember words .
59- You should ( prove- proof- improve-approve ) your language to get this job .
60- You should write things ( up-down on – with ) when you are learning something
61- I think the tablet is the most important ( tool – appliance- invent – device ) .
62- Do you want anything ( other – also – else –also ) ?
63- Technology may be ( stress-stressed-stressful – stresses ) and can stop people enjoying their free time.
64- What is the advantage of having ( so – too – such- very ) an expensive car .
65- Nowadays , the car can find the place you want to ( arrive – reach- visit – get ) to easily .
66- She has a very good ( memorial – memory- memorized- mortal ) she can remember many people she
met years ago.
67- I love travelling and ( inventing – exposing – discovering- looking ) new cultures and meeting new people.
68- When you travel ( aboard- broad- board- abroad ) you should learn foreign languages well .
69- He likes to cycle around town as he prefers to travel on ( cars – vans- planes – two wheels ).
70- you can( miss- lose - interest in your real life.
71- I watched a documentary ( on- of- with – for ) technology last night
72- The documentary I watched last night was really ( surprise- surprised- surprising – surprisingly )
73- I have to( tell- deny-advert- admit ) what you have said is true
74- You should never share my ( personnel- personally – person- personal) information online
75- What he has said seems ( extreme – extremely- extremism – extract )
****************************************************************
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
The ……………we use the internet is ………we get information quickly. However, the internet
has some …………….. The ………with the internet is that it can ……… to wasting our time.
Therefore, we should use it properly.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Today many people like to study online. Students can download an 1. . . . . ..and start an
online. . . . . . . with their new teacher in a few minutes. When language is a problem, it’s
possible to see a 3. . . . . . . by just pressing a button. Some courses don’t have tests, but they
do have a fun 4 . . . . . . . to make sure you are learning. And most courses offer. . . . .. . . . . so you
can understand the progress you make.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word People can
communicate ………. each other when they are not in the same place. They can talk …………..
anyone anywhere in the world. As for the disadvantages; it can make …………. lazy. They may
telephone friends instead …………. visiting them. People spend ………..much time talking
………….. their mobiles.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
In my opinion, computers ………. magic and I've worked and played with them ……….. since
that day at school. Now I work ………… a well-known Egyptian company that ………….
computer programs ………. important national and international companies. At the moment,
I'm ………… research on a computer programme for an Australian company
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Communication …1…. no longer about people talking to one another but about machines
talking to machines .This is known …2 .…The Internet of Things (IOT .(Technology is ……3….
so fast that experts believe everyone will be connected …4…. the IOT in a few years.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word Cars can already
connect …1… the internet using smartphones, but imagine if you can get a driverless car ‫ﺳ ﯾﺎرة‬
‫ ﺑ دون ﺳ ﺎﺋق‬to come and collect you using an app …2… your phone. All driverless cars …3.. be
electric and much cleaner than petrol ones. Experts think our roads will be safer and there
will be …4…. accidents using driverless cars.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Scientists and engineers can work with car companies to …….a… cars and other vehicles
which use fuel more ….b… At the same time, research scientists are looking for new types of
energy to replace oil and petrol. Other scientists, too, are ….c… research into new treatments
for serious illnesses. But perhaps the ….d… important work scientists are doing is to find
ways of reducing global warming.
Translate into Arabic:
1- We have to cope with the technologically developed methods of cultivation. Modern methods of rice
cultivation using modern machinery result in big improvement in production. No longer are the traditional
methods efficient in this respect.
2- Communication has become easier and the chance for individuals to obtain mass information at a great speed has
become available . This has resulted in a feverish race among nations to obtain advanced technology.
3- It is well- known that a great technological development has taken, and is taking place. The discovery is
already freeing numbers of people from their bondage to nature. They no longer have to spend their time
and energy on a never ending struggle with nature to secure the food and shelter they need for their
families.
4- The internet is used everywhere for many different purposes. It is used by professionals to exchange
information. It is also used by amateurs to write or chat to each other electronically.
5. Learning foreign languages needs never stop. One should not learn a foreign language merely to achieve
an immediate professional or academic aim and then give it up. He should carry on learning, as it is a
valuable experience that enriches his life.
6- Communications satellites can transmit radio and TV programmes at great distances. Egypt’s satellite,
Nile Sat 101, serves the whole of the Arab world. Egypt is planning to launch more satellites in the future.
7-The Cairo metro is a wonderful work of engineering. It is the only underground railway in Africa and the
Middle East. It carries 75,000 passengers an hour.
8 – Egypt is stepping giant steps towards modernization. A lot of criteria and measures, have been adopted
to help Egypt cope with the current progressive competition. This should be taken into consideration,
particularly in our educational system to promote such a new spirit.
9- Great efforts are exerted to develop the industry of information technology in Egypt as it is the language
which the world is communicating with at present and for long years to come. The government has
encouraged it by reducing taxes and eliminating restrictions on imports .
Translate into English:
.‫ إن اﻟﺨﯿﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﺟﺎدة ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ أو ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ آﺧﺮ‬-١
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﯿﺎة و ﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬-٢
.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ طﺎﻟﺐ اﻗﺘﻨﺎء ﺣﺎﺳﺐ آﻟﻲ‬-٣
.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ زرع اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺎ‬-٤
‫ إن اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ و اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎر ھﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬-٥
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرز ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻹﻧﺴﺎن وﺗﻄﻮره ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻌﺼﻮر‬-٦
. ‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻟﻨﺎ اﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت ﻋﻈﯿﻤﺔ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﺳﮭﻠﺔ وﻣﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬-٧
.‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬
ّ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ ﻟﻸﻏﺮاض‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺪول‬
‫ ﱡ‬-٨
‫ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ إﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ) وﺷﯿﻜﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮع (و ﺗﮭﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺑﻘﺎؤﻧﺎ‬، ‫ إن اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﺪ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻗﻀﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬-٩
.‫ﻋﻠﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ‬
–‫ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﻨﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮى ﻣﺼﺪرا ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻨﮫ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻜﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬-١٠
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ أي ﺗﺴﺮب إﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺴﺒﺐ أﺿﺮارا ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬- ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬-١١
.‫ إن اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪارس واﻟﻤﻨﺎزل واﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﻟﮫ أﺛﺮه اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻣﺼﺮ‬-١٢
.‫ ﺗﻜﺮم ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺷﺘﻲ ﻓﺮوع اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬-١٣
.‫ ﺗﻔﺨﺮ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺄﺑﻨﺎﺋﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎء ﻣﺜﻞ دﻛﺘﻮر أﺣﻤﺪ زوﯾﻞ واﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻧﺠﯿﺐ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﻟﻠﺬﯾﻦ ﺣﺼﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﻧﻮﺑﻞ‬-١٤
 Unit 8 Conditionals ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺮطﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫ﺻﻔرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺑﺳﯾط‬
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫أوﻟﻰ‬ will + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

if ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ would + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺷرطﯾﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬

‫أﻣر‬
If + Present simple will / may / can /should /had better / must + inf.
: ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم وﺟود اﺣﺗﻣﺎل وﻗوع اﻟﺣدث‬
· If I earn some money, I'll go abroad.
:‫¨ ﻻﺣظ اﻧﮫ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻓﻌل أﻣر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣن اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬
If you see Mona, ask her to phone me.
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺷرطﯾﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
if + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ would-could - might + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
: ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻣواﻗف ﻏﯾر ﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺣدوث أو ﻣواﻗف ﺧﯾﺎﻟﯾﺔ أو ﻏﯾر ﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺎﺿر‬
If it were fine , I could go for a walk .
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺻﻔرﯾﺔ‬
If + present simple present simple
:IF ‫ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬when ‫¨ﺗﻌﺑر ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋن ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ أو ﻋـﺎدة وﻻﺣظ أﻧﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
· If you heat ice, it melts. = When you heat ice, it melts.
· If a volcano erupts, it sends dust into the atmosphere. = When a volcano ….
. ‫ ﻋﻧد ﺗﺧﺻﯾص اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺗﺣول ﻟﻠﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬-
- If you don't water your plants that are in your garden, they will die .
Unless = If…not
: ‫ وﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت‬if ‫ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬: unless ‫¨ ُﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
· Unless she takes a taxi, she won't be there in time.
= If she doesn't take a taxi, she won't be there in time.
( should + s. + inf ) .‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ‬if ‫ ﻣﺣل‬should ‫ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
- Should he fail his exam , he will be punished .
. ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬if ‫ ﻣﺣل‬were ‫ و ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬٢
- Were I a fish , I'd swim
- Were he to go to bed early , he wouldn't feel sleepy in the morning
ing + ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت و ﻟﻛن ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻻﺳم أو اﻟﻔﻌل‬if ‫ ﻣﺣل‬in case of ‫و ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
In case of being clever ( his cleverness ) , he would solve all his problems
ing + ‫ و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻻﺳم أو اﻟﻔﻌل‬unless ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ أو ﻣﺣل‬if ‫ ﻣﺣل‬-( but for- without ) ‫ و ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬-
Without ( but for ) + ‫…… اﺳم‬. would + ‫ = اﻟﻣﺻدر‬if it weren’t for + ‫ اﺳم‬would + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

as long ‫ او‬in case ‫ او‬providing(that) ‫ أو‬provided (that) ‫ أو‬as long as ‫وﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
‫ وﻟﮭم ﻧﻔس‬if ‫ ﻣﺣل‬on condition ( that ) ‫ او‬supposing ( that ) ‫ او‬imagine ( that ) ‫ او‬as
. ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻲ‬

She will come to your party on condition that you invite her .
She will come to your party in case ( as long as ) that you invite her .
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

1- If you heat ice, it ……………..

a. will melt b. would melt c. melts d. would have melted
2- If she …………. hard, she will pass the test.
a. worked b. had worked c. is worked d. works
3- I ……………. the football match if they showed it on television.
a. watch b. will watch c. would watch d. can watch
4- If I ……………. you, I'd listen to the weather forecast before going for a picnic.
a. would be b. were c. had been d. was being
8- If I were you……………… this useful book.
a. will read b. would read c. might have read d. read
9- If Egypt…………….. a lot of rain, it might have a lot more trees.
a. had b. had had c. will have d, was having
10- If I were rich………………… a palace.
a. will build b. would have built c. would build d. can build
12- If a tree has deep roots, it ………………over in strong winds.
a. doesn't fall b. won't fall c. didn't fall d, wouldn't fall
13- If the bark of a tree ……………. the tree would die.
a. is destroyed b. was destroyed c. destroyed d. had been destroyed
14-If you pick those apples now, they ……………very sweet.
a. don't taste b. won't taste c. didn't taste d. hadn't tasted
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.
1. How would we manage to do somethings if there .................... any trees?
a. aren't b. weren't c. hadn't been d. haven't been
2.I................. a fever if I ever eat salted fish.
a. will get b. am getting c. would get d. get
3. If you need any help, just............................ me.
a. would contact b. will contact c. contact d. can contact
4. If I have an illness, I usually .................. to the doctor.
a. would go b. am going c. go * d. will go
5. If the moon passes between the sun and the Earth, there ........ a solar eclipse.
a. were b. will be c. is d. would be
6. You ................... study hard if you want to pass your test.
a. will b. must c. have d. would
7. People ....................... if they are deprived of oxygen.
a. would have died b. would die - c. will die d. die
8. Don't make deliberate fouls again ..................... I will send you off.
a. if b. unless c. otherwise d. except if
9. If........................ metals expand.
a. they heated b. are heated c. have heated d. heated
10. If we can get their support, we ..........................
a. would succeed b. will succeed c. succeeded d. succeed
11. ..................... there no internet, life would be rather boring.
a. Unless b. Were c. If d. Without
12. It................ possible to make mistakes if you are starting doing a new job.
a. would be b. has been c. is d. will
13. These plants ................... well if you water them regularly.
a. would have grown b. will grow c. would grow d. grow
14. If you use this knife carelessly, you ................... your finger.
a. would have cut b. might cut c. would cut d. cut
15. A tree .................... if its bark is destroyed.
a. would have died b. would die c. dies d. will die
16. Scientists can seethe rings if they ..................... the tree down.
a. had cut b. will cut c. would cut d. cut
17. If there's a sand storm tonight, the town will be full of sand ......................
a. the following day b. the.next day c. tomorrow d. that day
18. If it's a dry year, the rings of a tree ...................... narrower.
a. would grow b. will grow c. grow d. have grown
19. If you burn plastic, it........................ pollution.
a. will produce b. produced c. 'd produce d. produces
20. This piece of metal.......................... when it is heated.
a. expanded b. will expand c. expand d. expands
21. If you want to achieve good results this year, you .......... better make a timetable.
a. would b. had c. will d. are
22. I'll take my umbrella if it..........................
a. had rained b. rains c. rained d. will rain
23. If it...................... my birthday tomorrow, I would give a big party.
a. will be b. is c. were d. has been
24. Stone ................. if you put it in water.
a. would sink b. will sink c. sinks d. sank
25. If there's not much rain in .................. the rings in a tree are close together.
a. this year b. next year c. a year d. new year
26. If a volcano erupts, it........................ dust into the atmosphere.
a. sent b. will send c. sends d. send
27. If you touch this wire, you ....................... an electric shock.
a. will get b. would get c. get d. could get
28. If you waste your time now, you ....................... it later.
a. would regret b. regret c. will regret d. regretting
29. There are dark clouds in the sky. If it rains, we .................. wet.
a. would get b. going to get c. get d. will get
30. If Mona revises well, she ...................... the test.
a. will pass b. passes c. passed d. would pass
31. You .................... twenty if you multiply ten by two.
a. get b. will get c. would get d. may get
32. If you meet Ahmed in town tomorrow, ................. him I want to see him.
a. will tell b. would tell c. can tell d. tell
33. Food ..................... bad if it's left in the sun for a long time.
a. will go b. would go c. goes d. is gone
34. What ..................... you do if you win the money?
a. would b. do c. will d. could
35. You won't enter the hall .......................... you arrive there early.
a. provided b. unless c. without d. if
36. Plants ................... if they don't get any water.
a. will die b. would die c. going to die d. die
37. You ..................... do exercise if you don't want to put on weight.
a. would b. will c. should d. ought
38. If it rains tomorrow, we ...................... go to the pafk.
a. wouldn't b. won't c. don't d. haven't
39. You ................... ill if you don't take these pills.
a. have felt b. will feel c.feel d. would feel
40. Things ..................... to the ground if you drop them.
a. would fall b.fall c. will fall d. falls
41-If we plant trees, then we.................. cleaner air.
a. will be having b. have c. would have d. will have
42- when I work a lot in the garden, I…………. no energy at night.
a. have b. had c. has d. will have
43- When molten glass cools, it ……………..
a. is hardened b. hardened c. hardens d. will harden
44- If a tree becomes weak, it ……………… its leaves.
a. lost b. is losing c. has lost d. loses
45- If it freezes tonight, we……………… heaters out around the orange trees.
a. places b. are placing c. are placing d. place
46- If ice melts, you …………….. water.
a. haven't b. are having c. are having d. has had
47- If a tree has many rings, it …………… very old.
a. has been b. was c. will be d. is
48- If you strip the bark off a tree, it………………
a. died b. is dying c, die d. will die
49- If they had served pizza, I …………. there.
a, will eat b will have eaten c, ate d. would have eaten
50- If I had taken the time to do it correctly, it..................... out better.
a. can come b would have come c. would come d. will come
51- When Sami stays in Tanta, he ……………….. in a hotel.
ci will have slept b* sleeps c, would sleep d. will sleep
52- If I were you, I ………………….more time studying.
 a. would spend b. spent c, am spending d. would have spent

Previous Exams Questions

1- She won't mind if I …………. early, will she?
a. had left b. will leave c. would leave d. leave
2- If Maher loses his job, he ………………. look for another one.
a. would b. will c. had to d, have to
3- If you can't dictate your conditions, you ………………..
a. will b. should c. need d. ought
4-If metal is heated, it …………..
a. will expand b. expand c. expands d. would expand
5-I always ……………….. a severe headache if I spend much time on the computer.
a. will get b. got c. am getting d. get
6- If you face a problem, ……………… the police.
a. will call b. would call c. call d. can call
7- …………… raining, we won't be able to finish the game.
a. If it didn't stop b. Should it stop c. Unless it stops d. If it stopped
8-If you look at the sun, you ……………….. damage your sight.
a. will b. would c, would have d. will have
9- If our heart stops working, death soon ………………
a. follow b. will follow c. follows d. followed
10- If he doesn't get eight hours sleep every night, he ……………. really tired the next day.
a. will feel b. feels c, would feel d, is feeling
15- She would have been successful if she ………….. well.
a. plans b. planned c. had planned d, has planned
17- If you had an invitation to the party, you……………… in easily.
a. would allow b. would have been allowed
c. would be allowed d. would have been allowing
1 I would have that mobile if I …………….. enough money.
a had had b had c have had d would have
2 What……......…. If you got lost in a big city?
a you would do b did you do c would you do d you did
3 What if your passport ……………..… ? – Surely, I’d inform the police.
a had stolen b had been stolen c stole d was stolen
4 Iron ……….. if you leave it in the open air.
a rust b will rust c rusts d would rust
5 Contact the ambulance if there………..an accident.
a was b is c were d will be
7 If I were not ill, I’d visit you; really I ………. ill.
a weren’t b were c am d am not
10 I will go to Alex if so, I ……….you.
a contact b will be contacted c will contact d would contact
11 ………………. help me if I were in trouble?
a Will you b Would you c Did you d Can you
13 I ……… go to the club, if I have time. I haven’t decided yet.
a would b may c should d have to
14 If she read the news, she …………….. shocked to read about the terrible accident.
a is b will be c would be d were

@ Choose the correct answer:

1- If you look at the sun, you (would-will-would have-might have) damage your sight.
2- If there (had been-were-are-have been) clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon.
3- If I (had discovered-discovered-discover-have discovered) a planet, I would give it my aunt's name.
4- (Unless-Without-If-In case of) there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I would definitely watch it.
5- (Were-If-In case of-Unless) you watch the sky on a clear night, you can see stars and planets.
6- If the sun didn’t give heat and light, there (won’t be-may not be-wouldn’t be-can’t be) any life on Earth.
7- If you wear a hat, your face (won't get-wouldn't get-wouldn't have got-should have got) burnt.
8- It is better for your eyes (without-in case of-were-if) you wear glasses.
 9- If it's warm and sunny tomorrow, I (go-might go-would have gone-will go) swimming.
10- If you (take-took-had taken-takes) the temperature at the sun's centre, you'd find it was 15 million degrees.
11-If it (is-were-had been-was) very hot tomorrow, we will not go to the beach.
12- If I were you, I (shall-would-can-may) listen to the weather forecast before deciding where to go tomorrow.
13-I (will put on-would put on-would have put on-may put on) protective glasses if I were you.
14-I wouldn’t watch an eclipse unless it (is-was-had been-has been) on TV.
15-If you look through a telescope, you (could-can-might-would) see stars and planets.
16-If it (were-was-is-had been) cloudy, we may not see the eclipse.
17-If there (was-is-had been-has been) a solar eclipse in my country, I would definitely watch it.
18-If you use sun cream, you (won’t get-wouldn’t get-couldn’t get-might not get) sun burnt.
19-Remember to keep your receipt (in case of-unless-without-in case) you want to change the goods.
20-I wouldn’t say it unless it (is-does-did-were) true.
21-If Sam loses his job, he (will-would-had to-have to) look for work in the city.
22-What (will you do-may you do-can you do-would you do) if it rained next June?
23- (In case-But for-Unless-If) blood banks, many people would die.
24-I would put on protective glasses if I (were-will be-has been-am) you.
25-If I were you, I (shall – would – can – may) listen to the weather forecast before deciding where to go
tomorrow.
26-What (happens – would happen – would have happened – will happen) if a huge storm hit the coast of
Egypt?
27- If there (had been – were – are – have been) clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon.
28- If I (had discovered – discovered – discover – have discovered) a planet, I would give it my aunt's name.
29- (Unless – Without – If – In case of) there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I would definitely
watch it.
30- (Were – If – In case of – Unless) you watch the sky on a clear night, you can see stars and planets.
31-If you wear a hat, your face (won't get – wouldn't get – wouldn't have got – should have got) burnt.
32- It is better for your eyes (without – in case of – were – if) you wear glasses.

Exercise
Choose the correct answer:
1- If it ……………… a dry year, the rings of the tree are narrower.
( is – was – are – has been )
2- If it ………………, our plants will grow well.
( has rained – will rain – had rained – rains )
3- If the goats eat the bark on my trees, the trees ……………… .
( are dying – will die – might have died – will have died )
4- If people ……………… enough food, they become ill.
( don't get – won't get – haven't got – wouldn't get )
5- If it goes on raining for much longer, the river ……………… .
( will flood – is flooding – has flooded – flood )
6- If the farmer's fields ……………… very dry this summer, he will irrigate them.
( got – are getting – get – will get )
7- If you heat ice, it ……………… .
( is melting – melted – melts – would melt )
8- If there ……………… a sandstorm tonight, the town will be full of sand tomorrow.
( is – has been – was – were )
9- If you mix yellow and blue, You ……………… green.
( would get – are getting – get – may get )
10- If you ……………… these plants soon, they'll die.
( aren't watering – don't water – won't water – wouldn't water )
11- If the wind is very strong, it ……………… trees down.
( will blow – has blown – would blow – had blown )
12- If scientists study the rings of trees, they …………… information about our climate in the past.
( found – would find – can find – have found )
13- If there ……………… much rain in a year, the rings in a tree are close together.
( wasn't – weren't – hadn't been – isn't )
14- If they extract a thin piece of wood from the tree, they ………… its age without cutting it down.
( can calculate – would calculate – have calculated – might have calculated )
15- If a tree ……………… deep roots, it won't fall over in strong winds.
( have – has had – is having – has )
16- If the bark of a tree is destroyed, the tree ……………… .
( died – is dying – would die – dies )
17- If you ……………… those apples now, they won't taste very sweet.
( picked – will pick – have picked – pick )
18- If you leave now, you ……………… the train.
( catch – will catch – would catch – must have caught )
19- Water freezes if the temperature ……………… zero or below.
( is – was – has been – will be )
20- If you ……………… that stone, you'll break a window.
( throw – threw – have thrown – had thrown )
21- If they had extracted a thin piece of wood from the tree , they…………… its age .
( can calculate – could calculate – could have calculated – calculate )
22- If the bark of a tree was destroyed, the tree ………………
( will die – die – would have died -would die )
23- If you had thrown that stone, you ……………… the window.
( would have broken – break – would break – will break )
24- ……………… I had gone to England, I would have met my pen friend.
( Unless – If – Without – But for )
25- ……………… the sun disappeared, there would be no life on Earth.
( If – Unless – In case of – Without )
26- If he hadn't looked at the sun, he ……………… have damaged his sight .
( won't – will – wouldn't – would )
27- If it hadn't rained so heavily, we ……………… floods.
( would have – have – have had – wouldn't have had )
28- I would go to the moon if I ……………… .
( am asked – were asked – have been asked – had been asked )
29- If I were you, I ……………… listen to the weather forecast before going out.
( shall – would – can – may )
30- If the storm reached the city, houses ……………… destroyed.
( were – would be – would have been – will be )
31- What ……………… if a storm hit the coast of Egypt?
( happens – would happen – happened – will happen )
32- If it had been an eclipse, the sky ……………… dark.
( would have gone – will go – might go – should go )
33- If I ……………… a planet, I would give it my aunt's name.
( had discovered – discovered – discover – discovery )
34- ……………… there to be a solar eclipse in Egypt, I would definitely watch it.
( Unless – Were– If – In case )
35- ……………… you hadn't spent so long in the sun, you wouldn't have got burnt.
( If – Unless – Should – Had )
36- What would have happened if there ……………… a flood here?
( was – were – have been – had been )
37- I get a headache if I ……………… too long on the computer.
( will spend – spent – am spending – spend )
38- If she ……………… hard, she will win next week's race.
( train – will train – trains – has trained )
39- If you ……………… a sport, you get better at it.
( are practicing – practices – practice – had practiced )
40- If you work hard, you ……………… well in the test.
( will do – would do – have done – are doing )
41- If you ……………… quickly, you learn quickly, too.
( read – are reading – were reading – reads )
42- If you plant a tree, it ……………… the world to breathe.
( help – is helping – might help – helps )
43- If you plant a tree, it ……………… lovely in a few years.
( will look – has looked – is looking – might have looked )
44- If he paid me tonight, I ……………… enough money for the tickets.
( would have - 'll have – have – had )
45- If I'd got a work permit, I ……………… for another six months.
( 'll stay – would stay –stay – would have stayed )
46- Ahmed ………………… bought that phone if it hadn’t been so expensive.
a- might b- might have c- will have d- had
47- If Ahmed had read that book, he …………………… what happened at the end.
a- knew b- will know c- would know d- would have known
48- …………………… he got a good fortune , she would have married him.
a- If b- Had c- Were d- But
49- If his family ......... financial problems, he wouldn't have left school at the age of 14.
a) had b) had had c) hadn't had d) would have
50- He ............ to hospital if he hadn't been injured.
a) will go b) would go c) wouldn't go d) wouldn't have gone
51- If he ............ today's newspaper, he wouldn't have known about the job advertisement.
a) had bought b) bought c) hadn't bought d) hasn't bought

Test 8
Vocabulary and Structure
1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. ……………….. he study hard , he would get high marks.
a- Should b- Were c- Had d- If
2. If it …………… tomorrow, I will go for a walk.
a- doesn't rain b- won't rain c- didn't rain d- hadn't rained
3. …………… danger, call the police.
a- If b- Unless c- Without d- In case of
4. If we heat metals , they ……………
a- expanded b- would expand c- will not expand d- expand
5. If you meet my father, …………… tell him I am in the club.
a- won't b- wouldn't c- don't d- can't
6. You will understand the lesson …………… you listen carefully.
a- unless b- except if c- as long as d- so
7. If she …………… the newspaper, she would have known.
a- read b- reads c- had read d- will read
8. If I …………… you, I would apologize to her.
a- am b- were c- had been d- have been
9. If he didn't come , I …………… him.
a- forgive b- won't forgive c- wouldn't forgive d- would have forgiven
10. If you ……………….. red and green paint, you get brown paint.
a- mix b- mixed c- will mix d- had mixed
11. If you mix red and white, you …………………… pink.
a- may get b- might get c- would get d- get
3) Read the following passage, then answer only six of the questions:
Gertrude was the Queen of Denmark two months after the death of the king of Denmark. She
married Cladius his brother. She did not know that Claduis was evil. People believed that he had killed his
brother so that he himself might become the king. Hamlet was her son. Hamlet loved his dead father and
was very sad at his death. His mother's marriage made Hamlet even more unhappy. He became tired of
the world, he had no more pleasure in the things he used to do. He stopped wanting to read, to play and
to do all the things that young men love to do.
Neither Hamlet's mother nor Cladius could do anything to make Hamlet happier. The ghost of
Hamlet's father appeared and told his son that Cladius killed him while sleeping. He poured poisonous
liquid into his ears and caused his death. He told him that he must kill his uncle but he asked him not to
hurt his mother. Hamlet pretended to be mad. He thought of a plan. He asked the actors to act a story
which was like the death of his father.
A) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- The underlined word, 'He' refers to .............. .
a) Cladius b) Hamlet c) his friend d) his father
2- In order to be sure that his uncle killed his father, Hamlet......... .
a) became tired of the world
b) stopped wanting to read
c) had no more pleasure in the things he used to do
d) asked the actors to act the story which is like the death of his father
3- After Hamlet had met the ghost, he pretended to be….
a) sad b) mad c) tired d) pleased
4- …………….. of Hamlet's father appeared and told his son that Cladius killed him while sleeping.
a) The ghost b) cousin c) brother d) uncle
B) Answer the following questions:
5- Why was Hamlet sad?
6- What did the people believe about Cladius?
7- How was Hamlet's father killed?
8- What must Hamlet do after he met the ghost?
E- Writing
9) Write a letter to your friend Tom inviting him to visit Egypt. Tell him about your arrangement.
your name is Omar and you live at 30 Ramsis, street, Cairo, Egypt.
F- Translation
10) A ) Translate into Arabic:
Increasing population means more houses , more roads, more factories and this means less land for
animals and plants. More people also means increased waste and pollution, and this makes life
increasingly difficult for many creatures.
B- Translate into English:

.‫§ ﯾﻌﺗﺑر اﻟﻣﻌﻠم ﺣﺟر اﻟزاوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬

‫§ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻠﻣت ﻣن أﺧطﺎﺋك اﻟﺗﻲ ارﺗﻛﺑﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ؟‬
 Key words
cruel ‫ﻗﺎﺳﻲ‬ lose touch with ‫ﯾﻔﻘﺪ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻊ‬
governess ‫ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ make friends ‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺪاﻗﺎت‬
housekeeper ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮة ﻣﻨﺰل‬ do an online course ‫ﯾﺆدي دورة دراﺳﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬

orphan ‫ﯾﺘﯿﻢ‬ keep in touch with ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑـــ‬

servant ‫ﺧﺎدم‬ failure ‫ﻓﺸﻞ‬
bullying ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﺮ او اﻟﺒﻠﻄﺠﺔ‬ employ ‫ﯾﻮظﻒ‬
schooling ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬ owner ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬
stranger ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ‬ success ‫ﻧﺠﺎح‬
support ‫ ﯾﺴﺎﻧﺪ‬/ ‫ﯾﺪﻋﻢ‬ knowledge ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
advertise ‫ﯾﻌﻠﻦ‬ inventors ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻋﯿﻦ‬
Boarding school ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ داﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ appreciate ‫ﯾﻘﺪر‬

Vocabulary
summary ‫ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ‬ fail ‫ﯾﻔﺸﻞ‬
discussion ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ pass ‫ﯾﺠﺘﺎز – ﯾﻤﺮ – ﯾﻨﺠﺢ‬
support ‫ﯾﺪﻋﻢ – ﯾﺴﺎﻧﺪ‬ care ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ – ﯾﮭﺘﻢ‬
reasons ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬ move to ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻰ‬
kindness ‫ ود‬- ‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ back ‫ﺧﻠﻒ – ظﮭﺮ‬
honesty ‫اﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬ continue ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
authors ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ‬ contact ‫اﺗﺼﺎل – ﯾﺘﺼﻞ‬
orphan ‫ﯾﺘﯿﻢ‬ friendship ‫ﺻﺪاﻗﺔ‬
wealthy ‫ﺛﺮي‬ upset ‫ﯾﻀﺎﯾﻖ‬
unkind ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ودود‬ term ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دراﺳﻲ‬
owner ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ return ‫ﯾﻌﻮد‬
cruel ‫ﻗﺎﺳﻲ‬ collocations ‫ﻣﺘﻼزﻣﺎت‬
unhappy ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﺳﻌﯿﺪ‬ groups ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
apply for ‫ﯾﺘﻘﺪم ﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬ solution ‫ﺣﻞ‬
governess ‫ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ discuss ‫ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬
employ ‫ﯾﻮظﻒ‬ allow ‫ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ب‬
housekeeper ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬ nearby ‫ﻗﺮﯾﺐ‬
a fire ‫ﺣﺮﯾﻖ – ﻣﺪﻓﺄة‬ warm ‫ﯾﺤﺬر‬
save ‫ﯾﻨﻘﺬ – ﯾﻮﻓﺮ‬ advertise ‫ﯾﻌﻠﻦ‬
servant ‫ﺧﺎدم‬ receive ‫ﯾﺘﻠﻘﻲ – ﯾﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
lose ‫ﯾﻔﻘﺪ – ﯾﺨﺴﺮ‬ a reply ‫رد‬
secret ‫ﺳﺮ – ﺳﺮي‬ argue ‫ﯾﺠﺎدل – ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬
decide ‫ﯾﻘﺮر‬ learning ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
forget ‫ﯾﻨﺴﻰ‬ unless ‫اذا ﻟﻢ‬
teach ‫ﯾﺪرس‬ university ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
children ‫اطﻔﺎل‬ express ‫ﯾﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
parents ‫واﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ bring ‫ﯾﺤﻀﺮ – ﯾﺠﻠﺐ‬
dead ‫ﻣﯿﺖ‬ success ‫ﻧﺠﺎح‬
look after ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻨﻲ ب‬ knowledge ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
whole ‫ﻛﻞ‬ STEM ‫ﻣﺪارس اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬
hurting ‫ﯾﺆﻟﻢ – ﻣﺆﻟﻢ‬ according to ‫طﺒﻘﺎ ل‬
work for ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺪى‬ as well ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬
own ‫ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬ subjects ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬- ‫ﻣﻮاد دراﺳﯿﺔ‬
owner ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ support ‫ﯾﺪﻋﻢ – ﯾﺴﺎﻧﺪ‬
lovely ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻞ‬ invention ‫اﺧﺘﺮاع‬
century ‫ﻗﺮن‬ mean ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ – ﯾﻘﺼﺪ‬
boarding school. ‫ﻣﺪارس داﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ means ‫وﺳﯿﻠﺔ – طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬
cousin ‫اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﻢ – اﻟﺨﺎل‬ languages ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬
character ‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ understanding ‫اﻟﻔﮭﻢ‬
instead of ‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ so-called ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬
quite ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ bridge ‫وﺳﯿﻠﺔ‬
quiet ‫ھﺎديء‬ enough ‫ﻛﺎف‬
unusual ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺘﺎد‬ knowledge ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
education ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬ keen ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺲ‬
travel ‫ﯾﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ skills ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات‬
online ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ difficult ‫ﺻﻌﺐ‬
course ‫دورة دراﺳﯿﺔ‬ businesses ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎت‬
keep ‫ﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ run ‫ﯾﺪﯾﺮ‬
engines ‫ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎت‬ abilities ‫ﻗﺪرات‬
electricity ‫ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ equipment ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬
games ‫اﻟﻌﺎب‬ experiments ‫ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
practise ‫ﯾﻤﺎرس – ﯾﺘﺪرب‬ different ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
realise ‫ﯾﺪرك‬ a text ‫ﻧﺺ ﻣﻜﺘﻮب‬
critical thinking ‫اﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ اﻟﻨﻘﺪي‬ young man ‫ﺷﺎب‬
artists ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﯿﻦ‬ unluckily ‫ﻟﺴﻮء اﻟﺤﻆ‬
musicians ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿﻦ‬ repair ‫ﯾﺼﻠﺢ‬
experts ‫ﺧﺒﺮاء‬ prepare ‫ﯾﻌﺪ – ﯾﺠﮭﺰ‬
solve ‫ﯾﺤﻞ‬ revise ‫ﯾﺮاﺟﻊ‬
inventors ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻋﯿﻦ‬ sick ‫ﻣﺮﯾﺾ‬
bully ‫ﯾﺘﻨﻤﺮ‬ fight ‫ﯾﻘﺎﺗﻞ – ﯾﺤﺎرب‬
strange ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺐ‬ realize ‫ﯾﺪرك‬
show ‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ – ﯾﻌﺮض‬ headmaster ‫ﻧﺎظﺮ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬
guest ‫ﺿﯿﻒ‬ a copy ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬
glad ‫ﺳﻌﯿﺪ‬ local ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬
large ‫واﺳﻊ – ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ bookshop ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﯿﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
comfortable ‫ﻣﺮﯾﺢ‬ check ‫ ﯾﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ‬-‫ﯾﻔﺤﺺ‬
gardens ‫ﺣﺪاﺋﻖ‬ shelf ‫رف‬
huge ‫ﺿﺨﻢ‬ laugh ‫ﯾﻀﺤﻚ‬
earn ‫ﯾﻜﺴﺐ‬ laugh at ‫ﯾﺴﺨﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
previous ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬ lucky ‫ﻣﺤﻈﻮظ‬
pupils ‫ﺗﻼﻣﯿﺬ‬ key points ‫ﻧﻘﺎط رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
energy ‫طﺎﻗﺔ‬ review ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬-‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﺪﯾﺔ‬
 hope ‫أﻣﻞ‬ suppose ‫ﯾﻔﺘﺮض‬
continue ‫ ﯾﻮاﺻﻞ‬- ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ repeat ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺪ‬
brave ‫ﺷﺠﺎع‬ correctly ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬
improve ‫ﯾﺤﺴﻦ‬ respect ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺮم‬
successful ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ failure ‫ﻓﺸﻞ‬
as well as ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ‬ necessary ‫ﺿﺮوري‬
positively ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ appreciate ‫ﯾﻘﺪر‬
employ ‫ﯾﻮظﻒ‬ for instance ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
employer ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ sad ‫ﺣﺰﯾﻦ‬
employee ‫ﻣﻮظﻒ‬ as well ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬
employment ‫وظﯿﻔﺔ – ﻋﻤﻞ‬ memories ‫ذﻛﺮﯾﺎت‬
unemployment ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬ include ‫ﯾﺸﺘﻤﻞ – ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬

Reading
was born in England in 1816. She and her two sisters all became famous authors. Charlotte Brontë’s most
famous book is Jane Eyre. It was written in 1847. Jane Eyre was an orphan who lived with her cousins and
her wealthy aunt, Mrs Reed. The family was unkind and they did not want Jane to live with them.
Jane was sent away to school. Jane was happy to go to Lowood School, but the owner, Mr. Brocklehurst,
was very cruel, so the students lived unhappy lives. Finally, cruel Mr. Brocklehurst was told to leave the
school. Six years later, Jane became a teacher at Lowood School. After two years, Jane decided to apply
for a job as a governess. Governesses were often employed by rich families. She started to teach a young
French girl called Adèle at a big house called Thornfield Hall. The owner of the house was Mr. Rochester.
Jane enjoyed her new job and became friends with Mrs. Fairfax, the kind housekeeper. One night, there
was a fire at Thornfield Hall. Jane saved Mr. Rochester from the fire. He said that the fire was started by a
servant called Grace, but Grace did not lose her job. Jane did not understand, but she thought that there was
a secret in the house. Jane decided to leave Thornfield Hall, but she could not forget it.

Definitions
cruel ‫ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ‬unkind and hurting others
governess ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺔ او ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬a woman who teaches children in their home
housekeeper ‫ ﻣﺪﯾﺮة ﻣﻨﺰل‬a servant who looks after the whole house
orphan ‫ ﯾﺘﯿﻢ‬a child whose parents are dead
servant ‫ ﺧﺎدم‬a person who works for people in their house
bullying ‫ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﺮ او اﻟﺒﻠﻄﺠﺔ‬The use of strength, power to frighten or hurt someone weaker
schooling ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ او اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬education at school
stranger ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ‬Someone that you don't know
lose touch with ‫ ﯾﻔﻘﺪ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ب‬to stop having contact with someone
make friends ‫ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺪاﻗﺎت‬to start a friendship with.someone
do an online course ‫ ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺪورة ﺗﺪرﯾﺒﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬to study online
keep in touch with ‫ ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻊ‬to continue to have contact with.someone
Reading lesson 2 STEM SUBJECTS
Science, technology, engineering and maths were taught in schools long before the invention of the
internet. However, we now live in a time when these subjects are more important than ever. This does not
mean that music, history, languages and other subjects are not important. However, understanding the so-
called STEM subjects can be an important bridge to a good job in the future. Many businesses do not have
enough people with knowledge of the STEM subjects. For that reason, they are keen to give jobs to young
people with these skills. In the past, STEM subjects were often seen as difficult. To change this idea,
many businesses now run open days at which students can try building car engines, using a bike to make
electricity, or playing computer games to practise maths. Schools, too, are helping students to realise that
these subjects can be both interesting and
fun for boys and girls of all abilities. Schools might not have the equipment to build engines, but many now
use different experiments and computers so that students can learn by doing things, and not just by reading a
text. This also helps with critical thinking skills which students can use in other subjects. It is said that 80%
of jobs in the future will need students to have skills in the STEM subjects. Of course we will also need
artists, musicians, language teachers and other experts, but skills
in STEM subjects will help students to become the problem solvers and inventors of the future.

Dear Ellen,
I told you some time ago that I wanted to get a good job. I am glad to say that I have found one as governess
and I am quite happy. The house is not very large but it is very comfortable and the gardens
are huge. Although I earn less money than in my previous job, I am working with kind, friendly people. I
have two pupils: an eight-year-old girl and a six-year-old boy. My job as a governess can be very difficult
because children have so much energy. I just hope I will not become ill trying to keep them under
control and make them happy. Well, I must continue with my work. I hope to see you soon.
Kind regards,
Charlotte

Choose the correct answer

1- Charlotte was ( furious-grieved-pleased-careless ) to find a job as a governess.
2- The house she worked in was ( large-huge-big-small ) .
3- Charlotte earned ( more – less –fewer- many ) money in her previous job than this one .
4- The underlined word refers to ( people- girls-boys-children ).
Answer these questions.
5- Who will Charlotte be teaching in her new job? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..................................
6- What is Charlotte worried about in her new job? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..................................
7- Do you think it is important to work with kind, friendly people? Why/Why not? ...................................................
.....
8- Do you think Charlotte will succeed in her new job? Why or why not?
 Listening
Dareen : Dad, I don't want to change0} schools. I want to go to school with my friends.
Father : It's not so bad, Dareen. You know, my family used to travel, and I was taken to lots of different
countries. So, I'd been to lot of different schools before we came back to Egypt. You can make new friends
at
a different school.
Dareen : I like my friends at my school now.
Father : It is easy to keep in touch with your friends. I always see you on your phone. I lost touch with the
people I'd gone to school with.
Mother: If you don't change school, maybe you can do an online course. Some extra lessons will be helpful.
Mona's mother said that Mona had had lots of problems in school before she started having extra lessons.
And they say some of these online courses are fantastic .They can understand what your level is and give
you work that's just right for you. In fact you were given a new computer to help you study.
Father :And you can chat with other students online, too. Just like you do at school.
Mother: Mona's mother says Mona has really improved with so much help from her online teachers.
Dareen: But, Mum, I learn a lot at school now. I only failed the test because I'd been ill when I took it.
Father: Ok. Ok. We'll leave things the way they are for now and then we can discuss it again after your
exams at the end of the year.
Dareen : Ok. Thank you.

Video script
Most young people go to school every day and have lessons with other children, but not everyone does this.
In some countries, students can learn at home instead and their teachers are usually their parents.
We call this way of learning "home-schooling".
Home-schooling is useful for young people who live a long way from a school, and it's becoming more
popular today because students can easily use computers to learn wherever they are. Home-schooling is also
useful for students who are sick and cannot go to a school every day.
A good thing about home-schooling is that children can learn at a time and in a place that's best for them,
rather than following a school timetable. But, on the other hand, home-schooling isn't right for everyone.
Home-schooled children might feel lonely because it can be harder for them to make friends. They may not
be able to do sports with other young people either.
 Expressions
lose touch with ‫ﯾﻔﻘد اﻻﺗﺻﺎل ﺑـــ‬ getting an education ‫ﯾﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬

keep in touch with ‫ﯾظل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺻﺎل ﻣﻊ‬ get on well with ‫ﯾﺳﺎﺳر ﺟﯾدا‬

do an online course ‫ﯾؤدي ﻛورس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺗرﻧت‬ give reasons for ‫ﯾﻌطﻲ اﺳﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﻟـــ‬

make friends ‫ﯾﻛون ﺻداﻗﺎت‬ bring success ‫ﯾﺟﻠب اﻟﻧﺟﺎح‬

start a friendship with ‫ﯾﻛون ﺻداﻗﺎت ﻣﻊ‬ made it easier to ‫ﯾﺟﻌل ﻣن اﻟﺳﮭل ان‬

became friends with ‫ﯾﺻﺑﺢ ﺻدﯾﻘﺎ ﻟـــ‬ people with knowledge of ‫اﻟﻧﺎس اﻟذﯾن ﻟدﯾﮭم ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ب‬

offered her a job ‫ﺗﻣﻧﺢ وظﯾﻔﺔ‬ more important than ever ‫اﻛﺛر اھﻣﯾﺔ ﻋن ذي ﻗﺑل‬

become ill ‫ﯾﻣرض‬ can be an bridge to ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن ان ﯾﻛون وﺳﯾﻠﺔ ل‬

it would be better if ‫ﺳﯾﻛون ﻣن اﻻﻓﺿل ﻟو‬ be seen as difficult ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻘد اﻧﮫ ﺻﻌب‬

a nearby school ‫ﻣدرﺳﺔ ﻗرﯾﺑﺔ‬ make electricity ‫ﯾوﻟد او ﯾﺻﻧﻊ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬

spend no money ‫ﻻ ﯾﻧﻔق ﻧﻘود‬ practise maths ‫ﯾﻣﺎرس اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺎت‬

keep it warm ‫ﺗﺑﻘﯾﮭﺎ داﻓﺋﺔ‬ of all abilities ‫ﻣن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻘدرات‬

advertise for ‫ﯾﻌﻠن ﻋن‬ doing things ‫ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺄﺷﯾﺎء‬

receive a reply ‫ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ رد‬ critical thinking skills ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر اﻟﻧﻘدي‬

feel cold ‫ﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﺎﻟﺑرد‬ It is said that ‫ﯾﻘﺎل أن‬

inventors of the future ‫ﻣﺧﺗرﻋﯾن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬ keep them under control ‫ﯾﺳﯾطر ﻋﻠﯾﮭم‬

good education ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯾم ﺟﯾد‬ continue with my work ‫اﺳﺗﻣر ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻲ‬

well educated ‫ﻣﺗﻌﻠم ﺟﯾدا‬ do the exercise ‫ﯾؤدي ﺗدرﯾﺑﺎت‬

showed the guest to her room ‫ﯾﺻطﺣب اﻟﺿﯾف ﻟﻐرﻓﺗﮫ‬ have fight with ‫ﯾﺗﻌﺎرك ﻣﻊ – ﯾﺗﺷﺎﺟر ﻣﻊ‬

get a good job ‫ﯾﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻰ وظﯾﻔﺔ ﺟﯾدة‬ started a fire ‫ﯾﺷﻌل ﺣرﯾق‬

quite happy ‫ﺳﻌﯾد ﺗﻣﺎم‬ make a fire ‫ﯾﺷﻌل ﻧﯾران‬

earn money ‫ﯾﻛﺳب ﻧﻘود‬ keep going ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻣر ﻓﻰ اﻟذھﺎب‬

an eight-year-old girl ‫ﻓﺗﺎة ﺗﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﺛﺎﻣﻧﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣر‬ heard someone laughing ‫ﯾﺳﻣﻊ ﺷﺧص ﯾﺿﺣك‬

have so much energy ‫ﻟدﯾﺔ طﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة‬ write the words down ‫ﯾدون اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬

do things better ‫ﯾؤدي اﻻﺷﯾﺎء اﻓﺿل‬ In conclusion ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺗﺻﺎر او ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬

As a consequence ‫ﻛﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻟذﻟك‬ from my point of view ‫ﻣن وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظري‬

On the other hand ‫ﻣن ﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ اﺧرى‬ As well as this ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟذﻟك‬

In addition ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟذﻟك‬ Reach a solution ‫ﯾﺻل اﻟﻰ ﺣل‬

Language Functions
Agreeing Disagreeing
1 That’s true 2 I’d say the opposite
3 I’d go along with that 4 I’m completely against
6 I couldn’t agree more 5 I’m not so sure
7 I agree 8 I don’t agree
10 You’re right 9 That’s not always true
11 I suppose so 12 I don’t think so
14 Exactly! 13 I disagree
 Prepositions
born in ‫ﯾﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ‬ learn ….about ‫ﺑﺸﺄن‬.. ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ‬
live with ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻣﻊ‬ learn ….from ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
live in ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ‬ learn by ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
sent away ‫ﯾﺒﻌﺪ – ﯾﺮﺳﻞ ﺑﻌﯿﺪا‬ work with ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
apply for ‫ﯾﺘﻘﺪم ﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬ work for ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺪى‬
be employed by ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮظﯿﻔﮫ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ look after ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻨﻲ ب‬
save…. from ‫ﻣﻦ‬...‫ﯾﻨﻘﺬ‬ care for ‫ﯾﮭﺘﻢ ﺑــ‬
start by ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ on my birthday ‫ﯾﻮم ﻋﯿﺪ ﻣﯿﻼدي‬
think of ‫ﯾﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ – ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ cruel to ‫ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
know about ‫ﯾﻌﺮف ﻋﻦ‬ tell .. about ‫ﯾﺨﺒﺮ ﺑﺸﺄن‬
instead of ‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ agree with ‫ﯾﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ‬
hear about ‫ﯾﺴﻤﻊ ﻋﻦ – ﺑﺸﺄن‬ disagree with ‫ﯾﺨﺎﻟﻒ رأﯾﮫ ﻣﻊ‬
move to ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻰ‬ reasons for ‫اﺳﺒﺎب ﻟــ‬
a contact with ‫اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑـــ‬ causes of ‫اﺳﺒﺎب ﻟـــ‬
go together ‫ﯾﺬھﺐ ﻣﻌﺎ – ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ opinion about ‫رأي ﺑﺸﺄن‬
angry with ‫ﻏﺎﺿﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ begin with ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑـــ‬
angry about ‫ﻏﺎﺿﺐ ﺑﺴﺐ ﺷﻲء‬ according to ‫طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟــــ‬
argue with ‫ﯾﺘﺠﺎدل ﻣﻊ‬ bridge to ‫وﺳﯿﻠﺔ ﻟـــ‬
argue for ‫ﯾﺆﯾﺪ‬ keen on ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺲ ﻟــــ‬
argue against ‫ﯾﻌﺎرض‬ helps with ‫ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
strange with ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻊ‬ arrive in ‫ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ‬
worried about ‫ﻗﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺄن‬ revise for ‫ﯾﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ‬
succeed in ‫ﯾﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ‬ revise with ‫ﯾﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﻊ‬
stay in ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ‬ for instance ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
stay with ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻊ‬ at the beginning ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ‬
wait for ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬

Linking Phrases
As a consequence ‫وﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
For instance ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
As well as this ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ھﺬا‬
In addition ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
On one hand ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬
On the other hand ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﺧﺮى‬
In conclusion ‫ اﺧﺘﺼﺎرا‬- ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬
From my point of view ‫ﻣﻦ وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧﻈﺮي‬

Translation words
economic problems ‫ﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ‬ job opportunities ‫ﻓرص اﻟﻌﻣل‬
developed countries ‫اﻟدول اﻟﻣﺗﻘدﻣﺔ‬ desert reclamation ‫اﺳﺗﺻﻼح اﻟﺻﺣراء‬
terrorism ‫اﻹرھﺎب‬ an urgent solution to ‫ﺣل ﻋﺎﺟل ﻟـ‬
extensively ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧطﺎق واﺳﻊ‬ ministry of education ‫وزارة اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬
natural resources ‫اﻟﻣوارد اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ‬ mass media ‫وﺳﺎﺋل اﻹﻋﻼم‬
take measures ‫ﯾﺗﺧذ إﺟراءات‬ make great achievements ‫ﯾﺣﻘق إﻧﺟﺎزات ﻋظﯾﻣـﺔ‬
preserve the environment ‫ﯾﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬ conserve the environment ‫ﯾﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬
 arrive reach get to
arrive in ‫§ ﯾﺻـل ﻣﻛـﺎن ﻛﺑﯾـر‬
He arrived in Cairo.
arrive at ‫§ ﯾﺻـل ﻣﻛـﺎن ﺻﻐﯾـر‬
He arrived at the airport.
arrive ‫§ ﯾﺻـل ﺑـدون ﺣـرف ﺟـر‬
When did they arrive ?
reach + object ‫§ ﯾﺻـل ﻣﻛـﺎن ﺻﻐﯾـر ﺑـدون ﺣـرف ﺟـر‬
He reached the airport.
reach + object ‫§ ﯾﺻـل ﻣﻛـﺎن ﻛﺑﯾـر ﺑدون ﺣرف ﺟر‬
They reached Cairo.
get to ( ‫§ ﯾﺻــل إﻟﻰ ) ﺑﺻﻌــوﺑﺔ‬
They got to Cairo. They got to Cairo airport

start
start by + (v + ing) ‫§ ﯾﺑدأ ﺑـ‬
Can you start by telling us your name?
start with + ( noun ‫) اﺳـم‬ ‫§ ﯾﺑدأ ﺑـ‬
The speaker started with a description of his journey to China.

other another one of

other )‫§ ﺻﻔـﺔ ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭـﺎ ﺟﻣـﻊ ( و أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌد‬
I will visit other countries . §
There was certainly other information.
other ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﺑﻌدھﺎ‬the / some / every / each / many / any / no / (two, three,..) ‫§ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود أﺣد اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻵﺗﯾﺔ‬
Please, John, bring the other chairs here. I love my son like any other mother does.
He gave me one book and kept the other one. Ali and three other boys went to the party.
others ‫§ ﺗﺣل ﻣﺣل ﺿﻣﯾر ﻓﺎﻋل أو ﻣﻔﻌول‬
Some people are rich; others ‫ اﻟﺑﻌض اﻷﺧر‬are poor.
Some writers are greater than others ‫اﻵﺧرﯾن‬.
another ‫§ ﺻﻔـﺔ ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭـﺎ اﺳـم ﻣﻔـرد‬
I will read another story .
another ( = one more / a different one )
This tea is nice. I’d like another cup. He lost his job. He’s trying to find another
another + ( few / number : two, three,…. one.
The woman) lived for another ten days. I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.
one of ‫§ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘـﻊ ﺑﻌـدھﺎ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ واﻟﻔﻌل ﻣﻔـرد‬
One of my friends is a doctor .

win beat gain earn

win ( ‫§ ﯾﻔـوز ــ ﯾﻛﺳب ) ﻛﺄس ـ ﻣﺑـﺎراة ـ اﻧﺗﺧﺎﺑﺎت‬
Egypt will win the cup I hope.
beat ( ‫§ ﯾﮭـزم ـ ﯾﺗﻐـﻠب ﻋﻠﻰ ) ﺷﺧـص أو ﻓـرﯾق‬
America could beat Sadam.
gain ( ‫§ ﯾﻛﺗﺳب ـــ ﯾﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻰء ﻣﻌﻧوى ﻣﻔﯾد ) ﺧﺑـرة ـ ﻣﻌـرﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠـوﻣﺎت ـ ﺷﮭرة‬
You gained a lot of information from the conference .
‫§ وﺗﺷﯾر إﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟوزن ـ اﻟﺳرﻋﺔ ـ اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ‬
Ali gained 3 kilos in weight in the last month. The plane gained speed to take off .
 earn ‫§ ﯾﻛﺳب ) ﻗوت أو رزق ( ﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻋﻣل‬
People work hard to earn money. He works hard to earn his living .

foreigner stranger
foreigner ( ‫) ﺷﺧـص ﻣن دوﻟﺔ أﺧـرى‬ ‫§ أﺟﻧﺑـﻰ‬
He isn't from Egypt, he is a foreigner.
foreign ( ‫ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬/ ‫ اﻟﺑﺿﺎﺋﻊ‬/ ‫§ أﺟﻧﺑـﻰ ) ﺻﻔﺔ ﻟوﺻف اﻟﺑﻼد‬
Learning foreign languages is very important.
stranger ( ‫§ ﻏرﯾـب ) ﺷﺧـص ﻻ أﻋرﻓـﮫ‬
I'm a stranger here, I don't know where the post office is.

argue
argue for / in favour of ‫ ﯾؤﯾد‬/ ‫§ ﯾﻘدم ﺣﺟﺔ ﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
He argued strongly for the proposal.
argue against ‫ ﯾﻌﺎرض‬/ ‫§ ﯾﻘدم اﻟﺣﺟﺔ ﺿد‬
They argued against the new tax.

learn – teach know – show

learn ‫ ــ‬teach + ( to + inf ) ‫ ( ﺃﻭ‬how to + inf ) ‫§ ﯾﺗﻌـﻠم ـ ﯾﻌـﻠم‬
She learns to cook. She learns how to cook.
know ‫ ــ‬show + ( how to + inf ) ‫§ ﯾﻌـرف ـ ﯾوﺿـﺢ‬
She knows how to cook.

work job careerprofession

work ( ‫§ ﻋﻣـل ـ ﻣﻛـﺎن اﻟﻌﻣـل ) اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد‬
I have got a lot of work to do. Mr Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
job ( ‫§ وظﯾﻔﺔ ـ ﻣﮭﻧـﮫ ) اﺳم ﯾﻌـد‬
He has got a job as a teacher. I have got a lot of jobs to do.
career ‫§ ﻣﮭﻧـﮫ اﻟﺣﯾﺎة اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻔـرد‬
He started his career five years ago.
profession ( ‫§ ﻣﮭﻧـﮫ ) ﺗﺣﺗـﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣؤھـﻼت وﺗـدرﯾـب‬
Teaching is a profession.

Choose the correct answer

1- The teacher asked us to write a ( summarize-summer- summary-summered ) of Jane Eyre
2- We had a fruitful ( discuss-decisive-discussed – discussion ) on the new novel.
3- The committee ( agreed-disagreed-objected-praised) strongly on our opinion. They all opposed it .
4-There are many writers who (supposed- supported-opposed-denied ) and advocated women's rights .
5- You should ( make- do- take – have ) a good reason for supporting her suggestion.
6- Although they are twins, they are very( differentiate-differ – duffer –different ) in personality .
7- He is a famous ( reader-authorized-author-router ) he writes great works.
8- Charlotte Bronte's (more- many – must - most ) famous book is Jane Eyre.
9- He was born into a very ( poor- wealth- wealthy- worthy ) family . They had a great deal of money .
10- Jane was happy ( to go- go – going- gone) to Lowood School .
11- They have lead very unhappy( life – live – lives-lifes )
12- Mayada was told to ( leaf-lift-live-leave ) the school and join another one.
13- Jane decided to apply ( for- in- with-to ) join a job in teaching.
14- Haneen applied ( for- in- with-to ) writing for the new job.
15- All applicants should apply ( for- in- with-on ) the internet .
16- He found a new job ( like – as – such as – likely ) a worker in a big factory .
17- He has toiled all his life . He has worked ( like – as – such as – likely ) a machine .
18- She found a new ( work – employ- employment-employer ) as a governess .
19- Her new ( job-employ- employment-employer ) is very kind and treats her well .
20- He is a young ( employee-employ- employment-employer ) and he looks forward to a promotion .
21- Many of the staff in our school who ( learn- teach – mention-take ) English are not qualified.
22- When she was young she went to a school ( calling- call – called- calls) the New Generation.
23- He was very wealthy and ( owed- owner- owned-have) a lot of money.
24- She mixed with other students and soon she ( started- made – became-did ) a friendship with all.
25- The cigarette cased ( fire-a fire – fair-fur ) and the firemen came to put it out.
26- The firemen could ( safe- safety-safely- save ) rescue the child from the burning house.
27- The fire was ( done-started- began-put ) by a cigarette.
28- Because of his bad behaviour , he ( missed- lost- got- employed) his job and was fired.
29- He could have good ( work – job- employment – profession ) in a respected company .
30- I aked him to keep the news as a ( scary- sacred- secret – scared) but he told all our friends.
31- You should be crowned with ( kind- honesty-polite-tender ) in your dealings with others.
33- It is not easy to live in a house with ( other- another – others- authors ) family
34- Which of his talk ( the most – best – the best- better ) explains his point of view?
35- She knows well the ( important- import- importance- importee ) of having a lot of money in this world .
36- The child whose parents are ( death- died- deadly-dead) is brought up by his aunt .
37- She earns her living by(learning- teaching-explaining-knowing) children in their home.
38- She is a widow and ( looks-care- take care-bring ) for three young children .
39- He is gentle and doesn't ( hurt- injure- shoot-wound ) other people's feelings.
40- He is very wealthy and the ( own- owe- owner- owned ) of many factories around the world .
41- Children ( with-at-about- from ) rich families are taught. at home by a governess.
42- My mother cooked a (greatly- usefully-wonderfully – lovely ) meal that we enjoyed a lot .
43- You should invite all your friends (at-of – in – on ) your birthday .
44- Many students attended( a boarding- brooding- breeding –boarding ) schools in England in the past .
45- The step father was very cruel ( with- to – for- about ) his wife's children.
46- The children(made- gave-did- had) lessons with a teacher who came to their homes in the past.
47- We celebrated at home instead of us( go- to go- going- gone ) to a restaurant.
48- His behaviour towards me is (unusual- unusually- usual- lovely ) strange .
49- Learning at home today doesn't help students ( make- teach- educate- get ) a good education
50- She is ( doing – having- taking- owing ) problems dealing with other students in her new school .
51- You should ( spend-keep – remember- cope ) in touch with your friends while you are abroad.
52- Aya felt grieved when she ( passed- succeeded-failed-failure ) her final exams.
53- I ( kept – lost – made – gave ) touch with all my primary school friends.
54- The course she had ( made- done-sent – took ) online was very useful in her work career .
55- she refused the job she was ( taken- done-made –offered ) .
56- It would be ( the best – most –better- the most) if you look for another job.
57- She was born into a wealthy family and was well (educated- education-educating-educational ).
58- His new employment is very profitable and he ( earns- gains-wins-make ) a lot of money out of it .
59- She was born into a wealthy family and received a good (educated- education-educating-educational ).
60- An (eight-year- eight-years- eight-year's- eight-years' )-old girl won the drawing competition.
61-She behaved badly with her teammates and as(sequences-consequence-result of-consequently) she was fired.
62- On one hand he will get a loan and on the ( other- another – others- authors) hand he will pay all his debts.
63- She has night classes. (In addition to-Additional-In addition-additives ) she works in a bank .
64- She could ( catch-get- cope – match ) on well with all the students in her new school.
65- A good education always brings success in a student’s( late-latter-lately-later) life.
66- STEM subjects can be an important ( mean- draw bridge - bridge – ways ) to a good job
67- This course suits students of all (ability- disabilities – abilities- capable ).
68- These students are careless and need to be ( taken-done-kept-had ) under control
69- In ( addition-consequences –conclusion- conclude ) they were divorced after their great love .
70- At last they could ( reach-arrive- get- go ) a solution to their problem .
71- When I say something, she'd always say the (opposite-opponent- opposes-opposition ) me.
72- I ( will go – had gone- would go – did go ) along with you have said .
73- Your talk is right and I agree with it . I ( can't – don't – couldn't- will not ) agree more.
74- Mr. and Mrs. Osman employed a ( governess- housekeeper-servant- maid) to teach their children at home.
75- Hania never knew her parents because she is a(n) (maid –governess-servant- orphan).
76-That bully was very ( cruel –polite- strange-tender) to the smaller boys, so they told a teacher about it.
77- The (housekeeper- orphan-tutor- nurse ) showed the guest to her room.
78- He was very (cruel –polite- strange-tender ) . He was unkind and hurting others
79- A(governess-housekeeper-servant-maid) is a person who works for people in their house doing the housework
80- A(governess-housekeeper-servant-maid) a servant who looks after he whole house
81- A (housekeeper- orphan-tutor- nurse ) is a child whose parents are dead
82- A (housekeeper- orphan-maid- governess ) is a woman who teaches children in their home

*********************************************************************************************
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
It is clear that our environment is exposed ………… a great danger because the climate has become
………….warming than before. All of us must co-operate and stand …………. a one man to put
and end to this serious problem which threatens our life. ………… example we must reduce the
amount of chemicals, carbon dioxide and energy. We …………. also grow plants because the trees
purify the air ………… getting carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen necessary for life.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
1- Genetically-modified foods……….. solve many of the world's hunger and help protect and
preserve the environment. Yet, there ………. many challenges ahead …………. governments,
especially in the areas of safety testing, regulation, international policy……….. food labeling.
Many people feel that genetic engineering is the technology of ……….. future. We can't ignore its
benefits. However, we must proceed with caution to avoid causing unintended harm ………..
human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
2-Doubtless, scientific research is the way………. progress; there is much to ……….. said in favour
of it. Scientific research has always …… beneficial to mankind. We can improve health, food
production, education, travel ……….. nearly every aspects ……… our life. Scientific researchers
can also develop vaccines …….. fatal diseases.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
3-…….. you like to live a longer life? To live longer, you must ………… your body healthy, and I
have some suggestions for you. First you ………. eat healthy foods that will provide necessary
protein, vitamins, and carbohydrates. You should not ………. food that contains fats ………..
cholesterol because they clog your arteries and cause heart attacks. Proper diet ………… help to
keep your body healthy.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
4- Today more and more people are becoming interested…….. organic farming for different
reasons. Organic farmers grow food ………… without using pesticides ……….. chemical
fertilizers. They claim that pesticides …….. the small creatures and insects that birds and other
wildlife feed ………... They are poisonous, expensive and very harmful ……… the soil.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
1-It is said that Egypt is the ………… of the Nile. No doubt, it is the source of our life. ………..
fact, that is true because without this gift Egypt ………. be a barren desert. The River Nile is
……….. longest river in the world. It provides people ………… fresh water, which is essential for
drinking, washing, agriculture …….. industry purposes.
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
2- Agriculture depends ……… irrigation. Without water, farmers wouldn’t ………. able to grow
, fruits, vegetables... etc. The River provides us also …….. fish, which ‫ذرة‬rice, wheat, maize
adds……… the food wealth of the country. On the other ……….., the High Dam in Aswan is the
main factor for generating electricity, which is necessary ………….. push forward the wheels of
industry. The River is also a good means of transportation and sports. Ferryboats and cargo ships
.carry people and goods from place to place
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
3- keeping our Nile clean is the responsibility ………. every Egyptian who cares for a clean and
healthy life. Dumping rubbish and …………. factory waste in the river should ……….. stopped
completely. When we look at the continuing flow of the river, we should remember our ancient and
glorious history and work hard ………… keep the power of this glory forever. ……… my opinion,
the government should ……… up a new ministry and call it the Ministry of the Nile to look after
the river and grant It every respect, care and attention.
 Translation
A) Translate into Arabic:
1-Most people believe that international trade is good for everywhere .Though this is true, governments
often impose in restrictions which make trade more difficult. The main reason for this is that governments
have to protect their products from foreign one.
2-Every country must try to avoid polluting the environment any more in the 21st century in fact it is the
role of all people to keep the place where they live clean.
3-When you plant a tree you are helping your environment. Your tree will hold the soil together
4-At night you need to slow down and rest. Your body needs to use the food to rebuild itself .
5- Hygiene and sanitation are important in the prevention of many kinds of infections. You should always
be clean and very careful about the food you eat and the water you drink .
6. During the autumn, a black cloud appear in the sky of Cairo every year. It has bad effects on health and
especially on people suffering from respiratory diseases
7. In the near future, scientists will be able to solve the problem of pollution.
8. A lot of people prefer the simple life of the countryside. They escape from the toxic fumes of cars,
lorries and factories which pollute the air.
9. Using new technology in agriculture will help to reclaim our deserts and increase production.
b) Translate into English :
.‫ ﻟﻘد أﺻﺑﺢ اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧطﺎق واﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻣﺟﺎﻻت اﻟﺣﯾﺎة‬-١
. ‫ ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ اﻟﻣﺻرﯾون ﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﺻﺣراء إﻟﻰ ارض ﺧﺿراء ﻹﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻣزﯾد ﻣن اﻟﻐذاء‬-٢
‫ إن زراﻋﺔ اﻟﺻﺣراء وﺑﻧﺎء اﻟﻣدن اﻟﺟدﯾدة ﯾﻧﻣﻰ اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد اﻟﻘوﻣﻲ و ﯾﺣل اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬-٣
. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻓرد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻧﺎ أن ﯾﺷﺎرك ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻣل اﻟﻣﺳﺋوﻟﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻐﻠب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻠﻧﺎ اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ واﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ واﻟﺑﯾﺋﯾﺔ‬-٤
. ‫ ﯾﻘﺎس ﺗﻘدم اﻷﻣم ﺑﻣدى اھﺗﻣﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﻘﺿﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺧﺗﻠف أﻧواﻋﮭﺎ‬-٥
.‫ إن اﻟﺟﮭود اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺑذل ﻣن أﺟل ﺗﺣﺳﯾن اﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺗم ﺑﻧﺟﺎح إﻻ ﺑﺗﻌﺎون اﻷﻓراد ﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬-٦
. ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻛﺛﯾـر ﻣن اﻟﻧﺎس ﺑطﺎﻗﺎت اﻻﺋﺗﻣﺎن ﻟﺷـراء اﻟﺳﻠـﻊ واﻟﺧدﻣـﺎت ﻷﻧـﮭﺎ أﻛـﺛر أﻣﻧـﺎ وأﻛـﺛر راﺣـﺔ‬-٧
‫ ﯾﺟب اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺻﻼﺣﯾﺔ اﻟطﻌﺎم واﻟدواء ﻟﺗﻔﺎدي اﺿرار ﻛﺛﯾرة‬-٨
.............................
 Grammar
The Passive Verbs ‫ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺟﯿﺪا وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ھﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ام ﻣﻔﻌﻮل وﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ھﻞ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل او‬
‫ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﯿﺚ ان ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻻول ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻟ ﻐﻮﯾﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺤﺪد ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ان ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ام ﻣﺠﮭﻮل ﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ دور ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﺎت اﻻزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬
- The film …….some violent actions that doesn't suit children .
is shown was shown shows has been shown
1) THE SIMPLE TENSE ‫اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ‬
· PASSIVE: object ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ am/is/are + P.P. ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
was/were + P.P. ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
Ali built the house. The house was built ( by Ali ).
2) THE CONTINUOUS TENSES ‫اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬
· PASSIVE: object ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ am/is/are + being + P.P. ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
was/were + being + P.P. ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
She is cooking rice. Rice is being cooked.
3)THE PERFECT TENSES ‫اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ‬
· PASSIVE: object ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ have/ has + been+ P.P. ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬
had+ been+ P.P. ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬
We have bought a car. A car has been bought.
4) Modal VERBS ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
· PASSIVE: object ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ any modal + be + P.P.
He can carry the heavy box. The heavy box can be carried.
Note the following:
:‫( إذا وﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ أﺣﺪ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﻮل إﻟﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ‬٣
Say, think, believe, consider, know, claim, understand ,report
People say that he is clever. It is said that he is clever. He is said to be clever.
‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬to ‫ ﯾﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺛﻢ ﻣﺼﺪر و ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﮭﻮل ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬make / see/ hear/ watch ‫? اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
.‫( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬to be + p.p.) ‫( ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬to + inf. ) ‫? اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑـ‬
I hope to be accepted at the police academy .
.‫( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬being + p.p.) ‫( ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬v.+ ing) ‫? اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑـ‬
- I avoid being seen with him in public places.
: .p.p ‫ ﺛﻢ‬be ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺛﻢ‬let ‫? إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ و اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل واﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
He doesn’t let himself be laughed at.
( to + inf ) ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ‬to ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﺪون‬make / let ‫?ﻻﺣﻆ ان ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬
- I made her use my mobile phone . - She was made to use my mobile phone .
v+ ing ‫ او‬to + inf ‫ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﻤﺎ‬like –love prefer ‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬
-I don't like being cheated by other people . I don't like to be cheated by other people .
to + inf ‫ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬would ‫ ﻟﻮ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬-
- I would like to be invited to the party .
Choose the correct answer
1-The film........ by many millions of people . It was made in 1968.
a. will be watched b. was watched c. has been watched d. could be watching
2-By last summer, the new factory ………….
a. had been built b. has been built c. was being built d. will be built
3-When father returned home, his dinner………..already
a. is being made b. was made c. has been made d. had been made
4- Arthur didn't leave the garage until his car ………….
a. was repaired b. had repaired c. is repaired d. has been repaired
5-My mobile ………….. in. the sports club yesterday.
a. has been lost b. was lost c. was being lost d. had been lost
7-The first rocket …………… into space in 944.
a. be sent b. has been sent c. was sent d. had sent
8-Many spaceships …………….. to the moon before Apollo in 1969.
 a. had been flown b. flown c. are being flown d. will be flown
9-The dark side of the moon …………….. in photographs in 1959.
a. was seen b. had been seen c. was being seen d. was seen
10- New bridges …………… in Cairo recently.
a. have built b. was being built c. had been built d. had built
11-When we arrived at the hotel, our room ……………already.
a. was being prepared b. had been prepared c. was preparing d. had prepared
12-The computer……………by the teacher yesterday.
a. has been checked b. was checking c. was checked d. will be checked
13-The house ……………before the party.
a. had decorated b. was decorating c. has been decorated d. had been decorated
14- A new school………………in the village last year.
a. has been built b. will be built c. was built d. had been built
15- The house ……………decorated before my father came home.
a. was being b. had been c. will be d. will have
16- The bread……………… before we went to bed.
a. hadn't made b. hasn't been made c. hadn't been made d. won't be made
17-This picture………………in the nineteenth Century.
a. had been painted b. was painted c. will be painted d. is painted
18- When we went into the hotel room, the beds……………
a. weren't made b. haven't been made c. hadn't made d. aren't made
19- This funny photo on the internet was very popular. It........to hundreds of people last year.
a. was sending b. was sent c. has been sent d. had sent
20- When we arrived at the theatre, the actors……………
a. are already being photographed b. had already been photographed
c. were already being photographed d. will already be photographed
21- " This library book is very old. I think it……………by a lot of people.
a. is reading b. was been read c. had read d. be read
22- The hotel had been opened before the flats……………
a. were built b. had been built c. are built b. have been built
23- " Yesterday, the TV programme ……………by nearly a million people.
a. has been watched b. will be watched c. was watching d. was watched
24- The school windows ……………this morning.
a. have cleaned b. were cleaned
c. were cleaning d. are cleaning
25- I………………to the tennis competition at the weekend by my father.
a. have been taken b. was taking c. had been taken d. was taken
26- Some trees………………down in the park today.
a. are cutting b. were cut c. had been cut d. will have cut
27- After the storm, some scientists………………to the beach to see what had happened.
a. were sent b. are sent c. had sent d. have been sent
28- A lot of wood and plastic bottles………………on the beach by the big waves last week.
a. had left b. had been leaving c. were left d. had been left
29- When I arrived, the buildings on the beach ………..for damage.
a. had checked b. are being checked c. have checked d. had been checked
30. When I arrived at the beach, some of the plastic bottles………………into rubbish bags.
a-had been put b. will be put c. were putting d. have been put
31- After the accident, I………….. to hospital in an ambulance.
a. took b. betaken c. was taken d. being taken
32- He said that in the summer, the beach………………by thousands of tourists.
a- used b. was used c. was using d. had used
33- When I arrived home yesterday, I found out that my flat………………into.
o. had broken b. has been broken c. had been broken d. will be broken
34- The police said that the windows ......before the thieves went into the building.
a. breaks b. was breaking c. is being broken d. had been broken
35- Our house………………decorated yet.
a. hasn't b. hadn't c. hadn't been d. won't have
36- Hundreds of sailing boats………………from the beach yesterday. They looked really lovely.
a. can be seen b. are seen c. could see d. were seen
37. Jane Eyre……………….. to live at Lowood School.
a. sent b. was sent c. had sent d. was sending
38. A brave young man ………………the old man from the fire.
a. saved b. was saved c. was saving d. had saved
39. Ahmed ………………..not to arrive late.
a. was told b. told c. was telling d. had told
40. Unluckily, my car ………………..yesterday.
a. didn’t repair b. wasn’t repaired c. hadn't repaired d. repaired
41. Adele ……………….by Jane Eyre.
a. was taught b. taught c. teach d. teaching
42-A new road …………last week.
a. was building b. will build c. Is going to be built d. was built
43-I think the new park…………by all the children in the area in the past.
a. are used b. was used c. is using d. have been used
44- He…………with two other astronauts to a secret location during their last mission.
a. am taking b. am being taken c. was taken d. was taking
45- All the equipment…………three weeks ago.
a. are examining b. will be examined c. have been examined d. were examined
45- A lot of photos of the astronauts …………on their last mission .
a. are being taken b. were taken c. are going to take d. will take
46- The hotel rooms…………before they came.
a. will decorate b. are decorated c. had been decorated d. need to decorate
47- A lot of fast food…………everyday in this restaurant years ago.
a. had sold b. was selling c. is sold d. was sold
48- had the exercise…………?
a. doing b. been done c. being done d. does
49- The children…………in classroom yesterday.
a. are teaching b. were taught c. teach d. will teach
50- toys …………taken back to the shop. They were broken.
a. must b. should c. must be d. had been
51- That book ……………….by the time she went to bed .
a. had been read b. will read c. is going to be read d. will be reading
52- The children ………………. to the park already.
a. are taking b. had been taken c. will take d. have taken
53- Your homework…………… yesterday.
a. will mark b. was marked c. have to mark d. is going to mark
54- All the students……………a lot of training before they sailed the boats.
a. had been given b. will give c. are given d. be given
55. The TV programme about space……………last week.
a has shown b. is being shown c. is showing d. was shown
56- He……….. where to park the car when he got there.
a. was told b. has told c. told d. will be told
57- The windows…………….before she went out.
a. will clean b. have cleaned c. had been cleaned d. been cleaned
58- When you arrived at the hotel, you …………….to your room.
a. were shown b. be shown c. will be shown d. is shown
59- …………….any new buildings built in your area?
a. Were b. Are c. Have d. Would
60- Which rules……………. at your school and at home when you were young?
a. followed b. must follow c. were followed d. are following
61- Rubbish……………. and sent to landfill sites last week.
a. collects b. was collected c. collected d. be collected
 Grammar
Past Simple Tense ‫زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
‫ ( اﻣﺎ اﻟﺷﺎذ ﻓﯾﺣﻔظ ﺗﺻرﯾﻔﮫ‬d/ed ‫) اﻟﻌﺎدي ﻧﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ اﺧره‬... ‫ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻌل‬
:‫ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺣدث اﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻣﻌﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬-١ : ‫¨ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
· I visited my aunt last week.
· The ancient Egyptians invented a way of writing.
:‫ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻣوﻗف أو ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬-٢
· When I was on holiday, I went to the sea every day.

· How much bread did you buy yesterday? ‫)ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺳؤال – ﻻﺣظ اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ‬
(‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
· I didn’t know him then. (‫)ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬
Was / were + PP : ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ‬ ¨

He wrote the letter a few days ago.

The letter was written a few days ago.
‫ ﯾﺷﯾر اﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻧﺷﯾر ﻟﺣدث ﻣﻧﺗﮭﻲ‬for ‫ ﻻﺣظ ان ﺣرف اﻟﺟر‬-
- She lived in Tanta for 10 years . She lives in Cairo now .
Used to + inf.
I used to play tennis, but now I play football.
He didn’t use to smoke, but now he does.
Did she use to cry a lot when she was a baby?
:‫ وﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬used to ‫ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬no longer ‫¨ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
:‫ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻔﻰ اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط و ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬used to ‫ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬any more / any longer ‫¨ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
He no longer stays up late.
He used to live here.
He doesn’t live here any more.
am / is / are used to + -ing :‫¨ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺻﯾﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬
He is used to having a cup of coffee every morning.
He is used to the cold weather.
:‫§ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﻣﺛل‬
last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient times / once upon a time / the other
day, year (= a few days, years ago)/ in 2000 / in the past / 'd rather + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋ ل‬/ it's time ( it's high time ) / wish
+ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬

Past Perfect ‫زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم‬

:‫ وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﯾدل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣدث وﻗﻊ ﻗﺑل آﺧر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻊ اﻟرواﺑط اﻵﺗﯾﺔ‬had + PP. ‫¨ﯾﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻣن‬
¨After / When / As soon as / + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
¨ (‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط )ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﻧﻔﻲ‬ till / until ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬
¨Before / By the time + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬
After I had done the shopping, I visited a friend.
As soon as I had known he was ill, I visited him.
I didn't know about the competition until I had read the papers.
Before he cleaned the room, he had seen the film.
:after/as soon as ‫¨ﻻﺣظ أﻧﮫ ﯾﻣﻛن أﯾﺿﺎ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﺑدﻻ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﺑﻌد‬
As soon as I saw the robber, I tried to catch him.
Having left school, he worked in a restaurant.
:v.+ing ‫ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬after / before / when ‫¨ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم وﺟود ﻓﺎﻋل ﺑﻌد‬
-After leaving school , he worked in a factory .
:after / before ‫¨ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام اﺳم ﺑﻌد‬
After his father's death, he left the country.
:‫ ﻓﻲ وﺳط اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ و ﻗﺑﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط )ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﻧﻔﻲ( و ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم‬till/ until ‫¨ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬
¨After she had typed the letter, she posted it.
She didn’t post the letter until she had typed it.
: ‫ داﺋﻣﺎ ﻣﻧﻔﻲ ﺑل ﻗد ﺗﻛون اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ‬till/until ‫¨ﻻ ﯾﻛون اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻗﺑل‬
¨He stayed in bed until half past nine.
:‫ ھو اﻟذي ﺣدث أوﻻ‬because ‫ ﺑﺷرط أن ﺗﻛون اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﺣدث ﺑﻌد‬because ‫¨ أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﺑﻌد‬
¨ He looked tired yesterday because he had slept badly the night before.
:‫ وﻣﻌﻧﺎھﺎ ﻗﺑل ذﻟك اﻟوﻗت‬By then ‫¨ﻻﺣظ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﺑﻌد‬
¨He arrived home at 11 o'clock yesterday. By then, the rain had stopped.
:‫¨ﻻﺣظ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻣﻊ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات اﻵﺗﯾﺔ‬
It was only when + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ that + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ It wasn't until + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ that + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
:‫¨ﻻﺣظ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻣﻊ‬
no sooner than
‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ had + hardly + PP when + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
Scarcely when
She had no sooner left the house than she was run over by a car.
:‫ ﺗﻛون اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻛل ﺳؤال‬، ‫§ إذا ﺑدأت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﺣدى اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
No sooner had she left the house than she was run over by a car.

Choose the correct answer

1- He…………….. London in 2010.
a. was visited b. visited c. has visited d. had been visited
2- When he …………an idea, he wrote a short story.
a. had b. has c. would have d. had been
3- I always……….breakfast before I went to school.
a. eat b. eaten c. have eaten d. ate
4- She …………..ill when I visited her.
a. was seeming b. seemed c. has seemed d. was seemed
5- I…………..my work before I took a break.
a. have finished b. finishing c. was finished d. had finished
6- We weren't hungry ………….we had already eaten.
a. until b. after c. before d. because
7- When I reached the station, the train ………….I missed it.
a. left b. had left c. leaving d. has left
8-When I had reached the station, the train left. I …………………… it.
a. missed b. didn't catch c. caught d. hunted
9- I went to the park and…………………….my friends. ,
a. had met b. met c. have met d. was meeting
10- The captain did not sit down …………the passengers had left the boat.
a. because b. as c. until d. before
11- ………………he had taken the photograph, he showed it to his friends.
a. Before b. until c. As long as d. As soon as
12- …………….just finished doing the exercise when my father returned home.
a. had b. have c. 've had d. 'd had
13- By the time Nada arrived, we …………….. lunch, so there was nothing for her to eat.
a. were having b. had c. had had d. have
14-I telephoned the police ………..I had seen the accident.
a. until b. before c. after that d. after
15- I didn't answer the phone ………………..I was praying.
a. until b. because c. by the time d. after
16- We ………………near a supermarket before we moved to this house.
a. lived b. had been lived c. were lived d. have lived
17- I hadn't read any of his books before I …………. this one.
a. read b. had read c. was reading d. have read
18-I was reading a book when you……………me.
a. have phoned b. had phoned c. phoned d. phoning
19- A famous writer wrote this book a year ………………
a. since b. for c. ago d. already
20- I sat down and……….my work when I had opened the windows.
a. did b. had done c. was doing d. had been doing
21- As soon as I …………..a story, I started the next one.
 a. 'd finished b. Ve finished c. 'd finish d. was finished
22-When I was seven, I wrote a poem which ……….. a prize.
a. won b. had won c. was winning d. has won
23- I first wrote stories and poems when I ………….at primary school.
a. was b. have been c. were d. had
24- I………… return home until I had finished my work
a. won't b. can't c. could d. didn't
25- I once ………. the newspaper every day. Now, I don't have the time.
a. use to read b. reads c. used to read d. used to reading
26- As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson ……………
a, had begun b. began c. was begun d. has begun
27- I -------- seen the film before I read the book.
a. have already been b. will be c. would be d. had already
28- I -------- my own computer for three years before anything went wrong with it.
a. had b. 've had c. 'd had d. 's had
29- I ………..to the museum in 2015.
a. have been b. have gone c. had gone d. went
30- ………..2010, my parents lived in a small flat in the city centre.
a Since b. In c. By d. With
31- My mother made me a cake which ………. of lemons.
a. was tasting b. tasted c. had tasted d. tasting
32- It was dark when we reached the beach because the sun......... down.
a. had gone b. had been set c. went d. was gone ,
33- After Mona had played the piano, she ........ her sister with her homework.
a. helping b. helped c. had helped d. was helped
34- They ……………. to spend the feast with us every year until we moved.
a. use b. are used c. have used d. used
35-........ seeing the road accident, the motorists drove more carefully.
a-On b. Without c. Despite d. Over
36- No sooner -------- the noise than we rushed to the spot.
a. had we heard b. do we hear c. we had heard d. we did hear
37- After the house ..........painted, we furnished it.
a. had b. had been c. has been d. is
38- The glass window ………….when the boy hit it with the ball.
a. is breaking b. was breaking c. was broken d. had broken
39- I'd rather you …………this car. It's a bargain.
a. buy b. to buy c. bought d. will buy
40- Mona didn't send the message to her father until she …………. it.
a-has been writing b. has written c. had written d. writing
41-…………..finished my work, I went home.
a-After b. Having c. Have d. on
42- Zeinab's biographical accounts of her life ………by her brother Ahmed.
a- had been written b. written c. wrote d. was written
43- Fawzi …………..already read some of Yehia Haqqi's writing before learning about him in class.
a. have b. had C. is d. was
44.I didn’t go to school until I ………..… breakfast.
a) have b) had c) have had d) had had
45.Having ………. the visa, I booked a flight to Canada.
a) received b) had received c) to receive d) receiving
46.As soon as I saw the accident, I ………. the ambulance.
a) phone b) will phone c) had phoned d) phoned
47-.I returned the book to the library when I ………. it.
a) will read b) had read c) was reading d) have read
48-.By dinner time, mother ………. prepared all the dishes. Food was really delicious.
a) has already b) had already c) hadn’t already d) already has
49-.Adel ………. in Tanta in 2002.
a) is born b) bore c) was born d) had born
50-.I ………. lunch when my close friend arrived, so I asked him to share the meal.
a) had b) am having c) was having d) had had
51-.There are always economic crises ………. wars.
a) while b) as c) when d) during
52-.I ………. till my friend arrives to go to the club together.
a) left b) didn’t leave c) won’t leave d) am leaving
53-.Egypt qualified for the world cup finals in Russia in 2018. It ………. since 1990.
a) hadn’t qualified b) hasn’t qualified
c) didn’t qualify d) won’t qualify
54-.I no longer play tennis as I ………..
a) am used b) am used to c) used to d) used
55-.What……………………….…. at 7 pm yesterday?
a) you were doing b) have you done
c) were you doing d) did you do
56-.I realized that I ………. a silly mistake in the exam when I returned home.
a) have made b) had made c) am making d) made

Test 9
A- Language Functions
1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- The teacher asked us to write a ………………. of Jane Eyre.
a. summarize b. summer c. summary d. summered
2- There are many writers who………………. and advocated women's rights .
a. supposed b. supported c. opposed d. denied
3- Ola applied ………………. writing for the new job.
a. for b. in c. with d. to
4- He is a young ………………. and he looks forward to a promotion .
a. employee b. employ c. employment d. employer
5- He was very wealthy and ………………. a lot of money.
a. owed b. owner c. owned d. have
6- Because of his bad behaviour , he ………………. his job and was fired.
a. missed b. lost c. got d. employed
7- You should ………………. in touch with your friends while you are abroad.
a. spend b. keep c. remember d. cope
8- A good education always brings success in a student’s………………. life.
a. late b. latter c. lately d. later
9- Saad Zaghlool ………………. in exile in another country for many years.
a. has lived b. was lived c. will live d. Lived
10- She arrived to the cinema late. The movie…………………… twenty minutes earlier.
a. was beginning b. had begun c. has begun d. Began
11- I ……………………. visit the pyramids every month when I was in Cairo.
a. used b. used to c. used for d. am used to
12- They ----------------- out of the bank when the policeman caught them.
a– ran b– had run c–were running d– are running
13- Shakespeare ---------------- plays.
a- has written b-wrote c-had written d-was written
14- Ahmed was born ----------------- 2 004.
a– in b-since c-at d-for
15- No sooner ------------ graduated than he got a job.
a- had he b- has he c- he had d- does he
16- After Dickens had left school, he -------- to work in a factory.
a– goes b – had gone c– went d– was going
2)Complete the following passage with a suitable word
 Today more and more people are becoming interested …1)….. organic farming for different
reasons. . They claim that pesticides …2)….. the small creatures and insects that birds and other
wildlife feed ………3)... They are poisonous, expensive and very harmful ……4)… the soil.
Reading Comprehension and Set Books
3) Read the following passage, then answer only six of the questions:
The Eiffel Tower is the most famous landmark in Paris. It was built in 1889 to impress visitors to
the Great Exhibition, which was held in Paris during that year. It was the world's highest metal structure
until 1931 when the Empire State Building was completed in New York. It is 324 metres high. The
Tower was named after Gustavo Eiffel, the structural engineer who designed it. It cost more than a
million dollars to build. About two million people visited the Tower in its first year and the fees they paid
completely covered the building costs.
The Tower has three levels, which are connected by lifts. Visitors can, if they prefer, climb the
1.652 steps to the top. 40 tonnes of paint are used to repaint the Tower every four years. The Tower
has been climbed by mountaineers and used by parachutists. In the millennium celebrations of 2000, it
was fitted with thousands of fireworks which were timed to go off to
make the Tower look like a rocket launched into space. On top there is a weather station.

A) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- Nowadays the world's highest metal structure is ............... .
a) Taj Mahal b) the Eiffel Tower c) the Cairo Tower d) the Empire State Building
2- About ........... million people visited the Tower in its first year.
a) three b) seven c) two d) four
3- In the millennium celebrations of 2000, the Tower looked like .....................
a) a lighthouse b) the Opera House c) a parachute d) a rocket launched into space
4- .....................tonnes of paint are used to repaint the Tower every four years.
a) forty four tonnes b) four tonnes c) forty tonnes d) fourteen tonnes

B) Answer the following questions:

5- When was the Tower built and why ?
6- Who designed it ?
7- How high is it ?
Writing
4) Write an essay on one of the following:
(1) A good education
(2) An amazing person that you know
F- Translation
5) A- Translate into Arabic:
1- People say that it is impossible to succeed without failure and even the most successful people
make mistakes. As well as this, many people believe in the importance of learning from your mistakes.
2- Charlotte Brontë’s most famous book is Jane Eyre. It was written in 1847.

B- Translate into English:

. ‫§ ﯾﻘﺎس ﺗﻘدم اﻷﻣم ﺑﻣدى اھﺗﻣﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﻘﺿﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم اﻟﺟﯾد‬
‫§ ﻟﻘد أﺻﺑﺢ اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧطﺎق واﺳﻊ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬
 Key Vocabulary
nursing ‫اﻟﺗﻣرﯾض‬ legal agreement ‫اﺗﻔﺎق ﻗﺎﻧوﻧﻲ‬
rewarding ‫ ﻣﺟزى‬- ‫ﺟزاء – ﻣﻛﺎﻓﺄة‬ emergency room ‫ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟطوارئ‬
apply ‫ ﯾطﺑق‬- ‫ﯾﺗﻘدم ﻟـ‬ formal request ‫طﻠب رﺳﻣﻲ‬
training ‫ﺗدرﯾب‬ professional ‫ﻣﺣﺗرف‬
stressful ‫ﻣﺟﮭد‬ laboratory ‫ﻣﻌﻣل‬
skill ‫ﻣﮭﺎرة‬ variety ‫ ﺗﺷﻛﯾﻠﺔ‬- ‫ﺗﻧوع‬
contract ‫ﻋﻘد‬ challenges ‫اﻟﺗﺣدﯾﺎت‬
practical ‫ﻋﻣﻠﻰ‬ deadline ‫اﻟﻣوﻋد اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬
qualifications ‫ﻣؤھﻼت‬ degree ‫اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬
casualty department ‫ﻗﺳم اﻟطوارئ‬ qualities ‫اﻟﺻﻔﺎت‬
incredibly ‫ﻻ ﯾﺻدق‬ apprenticeship ‫ﻓﺗرة اﻟﺗدرﯾب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﮭﻧﺔ‬
successful = a success ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ attendant ‫ﺣﺎﺿر‬
nursing college ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻣرﯾض‬ construction ‫ﺑﻧﺎء‬
at times ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺣﯾﺎن‬ industry ‫ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬
frightened ‫ﺧﺎﺋف‬ children’s ward ‫ﻋﻧﺑر اﻻطﻔﺎل‬
communicator ‫ ﻣﺗﺻل‬- ‫ﻣﺗواﺻل‬ job fair ‫ﻣﻌرض اﻟوظﺎﺋف‬
medical knowledge ‫اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ‬ attention to detail ‫اﻧﺗﺑﮫ ﻟﻠﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل‬
understanding ‫ ﺗﻔﺎھم‬- ‫ﻓﮭم‬ reassurance ‫اﻻطﻣﺋﻧﺎن – اﻋﺎدة‬
kindness ‫ طﯾﺑﺔ‬- ‫ﻟطف‬ reassuring ‫اﻟطﻣﺄﻧﯾﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣطﻣﺋن‬
relating to ‫ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑـ‬ compassion ‫ ﻋطف‬- ‫ﺣﻧﺎن‬
real activities ‫أﻧﺷطﺔ ﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬ degree ‫درﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬
events ‫أﺣداث‬ Post Graduate Certificate ‫دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﯾﺎ‬
eligible ‫ ﺟدﯾر‬- ‫ﻣؤھل‬ Bachelors Degree ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺑﻛﺎﻟورﯾوس‬

Vocabulary
despite ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن‬ practical job ‫وظﯾﻔﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬
although ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن‬ employ ‫ﯾوظف‬
hard work ‫ﻋﻣل ﺷﺎق‬ employee ‫ﻣوظف‬
caring for ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻧﻰ ﺑـ‬ employer ‫ﺻﺎﺣب اﻟﻌﻣل‬
natural ‫طﺑﯾﻌﻰ‬ employable ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗوظﯾف‬- ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﻣل‬
artificial ‫ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻰ‬ employment ‫ ﻋﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬- ‫ﺗوظﯾف‬
decided to ‫ﯾﻘرر‬ unemployment ‫ﺑطﺎﻟﺔ‬
apply ‫ﯾﺗﻘدم ﻟـ‬ sick children ‫اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟﻣرﺿﻰ‬
job ‫وظﯾﻔﺔ‬ parents ‫اﻟواﻟدﯾن‬
frighten ‫ﯾﺧﯾف – ﯾرﻋب‬ baker ‫ﺧﺑﺎز‬
frightened ‫ﺧﺎﺋف‬ farmer ‫ﻓﻼح‬
fright ‫ رﻋب‬- ‫ﺧوف‬ office worker ‫ﻋﺎﻣل اﻟﻣﻛﺗب‬
part of ‫ﺟزء ﻣن‬ plumber ‫ﺳﺑﺎك‬
enjoy ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﺔ‬- ‫ﯾﺗﻣﺗﻊ‬ police officer ‫ﺿﺎﺑط ﺷرطﺔ‬
enjoyable ‫ﻣﻣﺗﻊ‬ shop assistant ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﻣﺗﺟر‬
really ‫ ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ‬-- ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ vet ‫اﻟطﺑﯾب اﻟﺑﯾطري‬
not really ‫ﻟﯾس ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ‬ caring ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬
tiring ‫ ﺷﺎق‬- ‫ ﻣﺗﻌب‬- ‫ﻣﺟﮭد‬ confident ‫ واﺛق‬- ‫ﻣوﺛوق‬
need to ‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج أن‬ flexible ‫ﻣرن‬
a successful nurse ‫ﻣﻣرﺿﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﺣﺔ‬ good communicator ‫ﻣﺣﺎورا ﺟﯾدا‬
worry - worries ‫ ھﻣوم‬- ‫ اﻟﻣﺧﺎوف‬- ‫ﻗﻠق‬ hard-working ‫ اﻟﺷﺎق‬- ‫اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﺟﺎد‬
explain ‫ﯾﺷرح‬ honest ‫ﺻﺎدق‬
important x unimportant ‫ﻣﮭم – ﻏﯾر ﻣﮭم‬ loyal ‫ﻣﺧﻠص‬
importancex unimportance ‫ ﻋدم اﻷھﻣﯾﺔ‬x ‫أھﻣﯾﺔ‬ punctual ‫ ﻣﻧﺿﺑط‬- ‫دﻗﯾق‬
ideas ‫أﻓﻛﺎر‬ reliable ‫ﻣوﺛوق ﺑﮫ‬
cause ‫ﯾﺳﺑب‬ team player ‫ﻻﻋب ﻓرﯾق‬
ability ‫ ﻣﻘدرة‬- ‫ﻗدرة‬ imagine = fancy ‫ﯾﺗﺧﯾل‬
skills ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات‬ a role ‫دور‬
knowledge ‫ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ firefighter ‫رﺟﺎل اﻻطﻔﺎء‬
in writing ‫ ﻣﻛﺗوﺑﺎ‬- ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﯾﺎ‬ toy fire engines ‫ﻣﺣرﻛﺎت ﻟﻌﺑﺔ اﻟﻧﺎر‬
learning skills ‫ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻣﮭﺎرات‬ fire engines ‫ﻣﺣرﻛﺎت اﻟﻧﺎر‬
chemist ‫ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬ firefighter ‫رﺟﺎل اﻻطﻔﺎء‬
chemistry ‫ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎء‬ firefighting ‫ﻣﻛﺎﻓﺣﺔ اﻟﺣرﯾق‬
subject ‫ ﻣوﺿوع‬- ‫ﻣﺎدة دراﺳﯾﺔ‬ sirens ‫ﺻﻔﺎرات اﻹﻧذار‬
study ‫ دراﺳﺔ‬- ‫ﯾدرس‬ outside ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧﺎرج‬
university ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ exciting ‫ﻣﺛﯾر‬
practical person ‫ﺷﺧص ﻋﻣﻠﻲ‬ dangerous ‫ﺧطﯾر‬
improve ‫ﯾﺣﺳن‬ danger ‫ﺧطر‬
products ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت‬ teammate ‫زﻣﯾﻠﮫ‬
develop ‫ﯾطور‬ adapt ‫ﯾﺗﺄﻗﻠم – ﯾﺗﻛﯾف ﻣﻊ‬
development ‫ ﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ‬- ‫ﺗطور‬ career ‫ﻣﮭﻧﺔ‬
difficult ‫ﺻﻌب‬ necessary ‫ﺿروري‬
difficulty ‫ﺻﻌوﺑﺔ‬ situations ‫ﻣواﻗف‬
several ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن‬ community = society ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬
each ‫ﻛل‬ plenty of ‫اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن‬
obvious ‫واﺿﺢ‬ bring ‫اﺣﺿر‬
obviously ‫ﺑوﺿوح‬ fetch ‫ﯾذھب ﻟﯾﺣﺿر‬
science ‫ ﻋﻠوم‬- ‫ﻋﻠم‬ make a poster ‫ﯾﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻠﺻﻘﺎ‬
problem ‫ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬ besides ‫ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ‬- ‫ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك‬
solve ‫ﯾﺣل‬ mention ‫ﯾذﻛر‬
solving ‫ﺣل‬ relax ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺟم‬- ‫ﯾﺳﺗرﯾﺢ‬
solution ‫ﺣل‬ charity ‫ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ ﺧﯾرﯾﺔ‬
particular type ‫ﻧوع ﻣﻌﯾن‬ city centre ‫وﺳط اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‬
business ‫ ﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬- ‫ ﺷﺄن‬- ‫اﻋﻣﺎل‬ construction ‫ﺑﻧﺎء‬
services ‫ﺧدﻣﺎت‬ training course ‫دورة ﺗدرﯾﺑﯾﺔ‬
the public ‫ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬- ‫اﻟﺟﻣﮭور‬ Personal statement ( ‫ﺑﯾﺎن ﺷﺧﺻﻲ ) ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
flight attendant ‫ﻣﺿﯾﻔﺔ طﯾران‬ interests ‫ ھواﯾﺎت‬- ‫اھﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎت‬
information technology ‫ﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬ theatre ‫ﻣﺳرح‬
experience ‫ ﺧﺑرة‬- ‫ﺗﺟرﺑﺔ‬ Egyptian cuisine ‫اﻟﻣطﺑﺦ اﻟﻣﺻرى‬
dream job ‫اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﺣﻠم‬ availability ‫ إﺗﺎﺣﺔ‬- ‫ﺗواﻓر‬
workplace ‫ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻣل‬ immediate ‫ﻓوري – ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎل‬
apprenticeship ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺐ اﻟﻤﮭﻨﻲ‬ is a period of time working in order to learn skills needed to do a job.
attendant ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ a person whose job involves helping the public.
construction ‫ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬- ‫اﻟﺘﺸﯿﯿﺪ‬ the work of building something.
degree ‫درﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬ a qualification you receive when you finish university.
industry ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ a particular type of business that produces a particular type of goods or services
rewarding ‫ﻣﺠﺰي‬ doing something that makes you feel good
apply ‫ﯾﺘﻘﺪم ﺑﻄﻠﺐ‬ make a formal request, usually in writing
training ‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ‬ skills or knowledge that make you eligible for a job or work
stressful ‫ﻣﺠﮭﺪ‬ something which causes worry
skill ‫ﻣﮭﺎرة‬ the ability to do something well
contract ‫ﻋﻘﺪ – وﺛﯿﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬ a legal agreement
practical ‫ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﻲ‬- ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ relating to real activities and events more than ideas
qualifications ‫ﻣﺆھﻼت‬ learning skills you need for a job
casualty department ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﻮاريء‬ emergency room in a hospital
hard working ‫ﻣﺠﺘﮭﺪ‬ working with a lot of efforts
reliable ‫ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﻓﯿﮫ‬ someone who always does what they say they will do
team player ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺘﻌﺎون‬ a person who works well with others
punctual ‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺰم‬- ‫ﻣﻨﻀﺒﻂ‬ happening or being done at exactly the time that is arranged
loyal ‫ﻣﺨﻠﺺ‬ Someone who supports their friends even when it is difficult
flexible ‫ﻣﺮن‬ Someone who can change their behaviour in different situations

incredibly rewarding ‫ﻣﺟزﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻻ ﯾﺻدق‬ make you feel good ‫ﯾﺟﻌﻠك ﺗﺷﻌر ﺑﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﯾدة‬
do training ‫ﯾﺗدرب‬ make a formal request ‫ﺗﻘدﯾم طﻠب رﺳﻣﻲ‬
caring for ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻧﻰ ﺑـ‬ in writing ‫ ﻣﻛﺗوﺑﺎ‬- ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﯾﺎ‬
part of ‫ﺟزء ﻣن‬ my best subject ‫أﻓﺿل ﻣﺎدة ﻟﻲ‬
make them feel calm ‫ﯾﺟﻌﻠﮭم ﯾﺷﻌرون ﺑﺎﻟراﺣﺔ‬ a two-year contract ‫ﻋﻘد ﻟﻣدة ﻋﺎﻣﯾن‬
not really ‫ﻟﯾس ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ‬ working on several ‫ﯾطور اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت‬
need to be a successful ‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج أن ﺗﻛون ﻣﻣرﺿﺔ‬ products
good at problem solving ‫ﺟﯾد ﻓﻲ ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت‬
nurse worries
people’s ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺗﺎﻋب اﻟﻧﺎس‬ It’s important to ‫ﻣن اﻟﺿرورى أن‬
make you eligible ‫ﺗﺟﻌﻠك ﻣؤھﻼ‬ be able to communicate your ideas to other
something which causes worry ‫ﺷﺊ ﯾﺳﺑب اﻟﻘﻠق‬ people ‫ﺗﻛون ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوﺻﯾل أﻓﻛﺎرك إﻟﻰ أﺷﺧﺎص آﺧرﯾن‬
do something well ‫ﺟﯾدا‬ ً ‫ﯾﻔﻌل‬
ً ‫ﺷﯾﺋﺎ‬ attention to detail ‫اﻧﺗﺑﮫ ﻟﻠﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل‬
make a poster ‫ﯾﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻠﺻﻘﺎ‬ Post Graduate Certificate in Education
Bachelors Degree in English ‫اﻟﺑﻛ ﺎﻟورﯾوس ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬

a vital role ‫دور ﺣﯾوي‬ a national project ‫ﻣﺷروع ﻗوﻣﻲ‬

backbone ‫اﻟﻌﻣود اﻟﻔﻘري‬ challenges ‫ﺗﺣدﯾـﺎت‬
Consequences ‫ ﻋواﻗب‬/ ‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ a productive society ‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻣﻧﺗﺞ‬
threaten ‫ﯾﮭـدد‬ a democratic atmosphere ‫ﺟو دﯾﻣﻘراطﻲ‬
deprive of ‫ﯾﺣرم ﻣن‬ globalization ‫اﻟﻌوﻟﻣـﺔ‬
freedom of the press ‫ﺣرﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ‬ a national duty ‫واﺟب ﻗوﻣﻲ‬
competition ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻓﺳـﺔ‬ achieve success ‫ﯾﺣﻘق اﻟﻧﺟﺎح‬
 Listening
SB page 44
Narrator: Ahmed
Man: Did you find out about any job opportunities at the job fair, Ahmed ? .
Ahmed : I had a talk with a man from an IT company and he said that there were lots of
jobs for young people in his company. He told me that I needed to have good maths and IT
skills but also English. He said that most people in IT used English at work. I asked him if I
needed to do a degree in information technology and he said "no".
Narrator: Sarah
Woman :: Hello Sarah. Was the job fair interesting ?
Sarah : Yes, I've decided what I want to do as a job now.
Woman ;: Oh, what's that ?
Sarah : I want to be a flight attendant for an international airline I talked to a woman from
an airline company and she said that it was a really interesting job. She told me that I had to
speak at least two other languages as well as Arabic, so I'm going to start learning French. I
asked her how many countries she has visited and she said that so far she'd been to over 40 -
imagine that !
Narrator: Omar
Fatima: Did you get useful information about work at the fair, Omar ?
Omar: Yes. I'm not going to go to university, but I'm going to learn a trade. I spoke to a man
who owns a construction company and I told him that I didn't really like studying and what I
wanted to do something practical.
Fatima; Well, you've always been really good at making and fixing things. Mum and Dad
agree, too.
Omar: I know. That's what I told him. He asked me whether I had had any work experience
and I told him that I'd been helping our uncle make furniture for a few years. He said that
would be useful and that I should try and get an apprenticeship in a local company.

Video script
The world of work is vast. There are routes into employment for everyone, with
options to study at university, through apprenticeships or progressing , through work
experience.
Job fairs are often held to give non-biased information about many industries. They can tell
you about what qualifications, skills and experience you will need, and you can also find out
about what you can expect to earn. Every job has its challenges and rewards which can
affect a person's decision about whether to pursue a career. Equally, some characteristics are
essential for certain jobs. For example, a medical professional must be compassionate,
caring and have excellent communication skills
 Reading
Lesson 1
Ali
Ali works in the casualty department at a busy hospital. He says that, despite the long hours and hard
work, the job is incredibly rewarding.
Why did you choose to become a nurse?
Well, I’ve always enjoyed caring for people, so it seemed a natural thing to do. I decided to apply to
nursing college, did my training and then got a job here.
Do you like your job?
Yes, I love it, although it is very stressful at times. People are sometimes frightened, so part of my job is
to make them feel calm, which can be hard.
Is there anything you don’t enjoy?
Not really, although I work from 7 am till 6 pm every day, which is very tiring.
What skills do you need to be a successful nurse?
You need to be a good communicator – a lot of nursing is about listening to people’s worries and
explaining what the doctors are going to do. You need to have good medical knowledge too, but
understanding and kindness are really important.

Nadia is a scientist and works in a laboratory as a chemist.

Why did you choose to become a scientist?
My best subject at school was chemistry, so I decided to study it at university. After I graduated, I got a
two-year contract to work here.
What do you like best about your job?
I’m a very practical person and a lot of my job is about trying to improve products or develop new
ones. I enjoy the challenges and the variety of my work.
Are there any challenges in your job?
Of course any job has challenges. It can sometimes be difficult when you’re working on several
products and each one has a deadline to meet.
What qualifications do you need to be a successful scientist?
Obviously, you need a degree in Science, but you also have to be good at problem solving. It’s
important to be able to communicate your ideas to other people too, and that can be difficult sometimes if
they’re not scientists
Lesson 2
My Dream Job
Name : Mohammed
Age : 23
Dream job : Firefighter
Skills : You should be: ● a team-player ● reliable ● a good communicator ● flexible
Workplace : Central Cairo
I always wanted to be a firefighter. When I was a little boy, I played with toy fire engines and
sometimes watched the fire engines driving down the streets with their sirens sounding. I knew that I
wanted to help people and I also knew I wanted a job which wasn’t in an office. I’m not great at sitting
at a desk and wanted a job that was outside, exciting and had a lot of variety.
Firefighting can be dangerous and it can be very hard work, but I wouldn’t do any other job. You
must be able to communicate well with your teammates and also be happy to adapt to different
situations when necessary. Do you fancy a career as a firefighter? If you want an exciting job helping
the community, come and visit me on Stand 21 at the Jobs Fair.
Date : 23 May
Time : 9.00 – 14.00
If you’re not interested in firefighting, there are plenty of other jobs to find out about here at the Jobs Fair.
Bring your friends and family along – you never know what career is out there for you

work job career profession

work ( ‫§ ﻋﻣـل ـ ﻣﻛـﺎن اﻟﻌﻣـل ) اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ( ـ ﯾﻌﻣل ـ ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺷﻐﯾل ) آﻟﺔ ﻣﺛﻼ‬
I have got a lot of work to do. Mr Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
Do you know how to work. = (operate) this coffee machine?
‫ ﯾﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻌﻧﺎھﺎ ﻣؤﻟﻔﺎت أو أﻋﻣﺎل ﻓﻧﯾﺔ أو أدﺑﯾﺔ أو ھﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬work ‫ﺟُﻣﻌت ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬
َ ‫§ اذا‬
a work of art works of art a work of engineering works of engineering
job ‫§ وظﯾﻔﺔ ـ ﻣﮭﻧـﮫ ) اﺳم ﯾﻌـد ( و ﺗﺷﯾر إﻟﻲ ﻋﻣل ﻣﻧﺗظم ﯾﻘوم ﺑﮫ اﻟﺷﺧص ﻟﻛﺳب اﻟﻣﺎل‬
He has got a job as a teacher. I have got a lot of jobs to do.
career ( ‫§ ﻣﮭﻧـﮫ اﻟﺣﯾﺎة اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻔـرد ) اﻟﻔﺗرة اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻘﺿﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺷﺧص ﻓﻲ وظﯾﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬
He started his career five years ago.
profession ‫§ ﻣﮭﻧـﮫ ) ﺗﺣﺗـﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣؤھـﻼت وﺗـدرﯾـب ( ﻣﺛل اﻟطب واﻟﻣﺣﺎﻣﺎة واﻟﺗدرﯾس‬
Teaching is a profession.
decide
decide to + (inf) ‫§ ﯾﻘـرر‬
She decided to go out. §
decide on + noun ‫§ ﯾﻘـرر‬
You have to decide on your goal in life.
decide that + sentence ‫§ ﯾﻘـرر‬
He decided that you should attend.
make
make + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌـول‬+ to ‫ﻣﺻـدر ﺑـدون‬ ‫§ ﯾﺟﻌـل‬
They made him study hard.
make + ‫ ﺷــﺊ‬/ ‫ ﺷﺧـص‬+ ‫ﺻﻔــﺔ‬ ‫§ ﯾﺟﻌـل‬
Capital makes business successful.

personal personnel
personal (‫§ ﺷﺧﺻﻰ ) ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑﺷﺧص‬
 It is my friend's personal cup.
personnel ( ‫§ اﻷﻓراد ) اﻟﻣﻌﯾﻧﯾﯾن ﻓﻰ ﺷرﻛﺔ ﻣﺛﻼ‬
The company is in need of new personnel.
part of a part of
part of ‫§ ﺟزء ﻻ ﯾﺗﺟزأ‬
Egypt is part of the continent of Africa.
a part of ‫§ ﺟزء ﯾﻣﻛن ﻓﺻﻠﮫ‬
A part of your work should be revised again.
every each
every ( ٤ ‫ ـ‬٣ ‫ ـ‬٢ ) ‫§ ﻛل ) ﺻﻔﺔ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﺳم ( و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻣﻔرد أو ﻋدد‬
Every student should do his best to get high marks.
The world cup is held every 4 years.
each ‫§ ﻛل ) ﺻﻔﺔ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﺳم أو ﺗﺣل ﻣﺣل اﻻﺳم ( و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻣﻔرد‬
Every student should do his best to get high marks.
All friends attended the party, each gave her a present.
other another
other ‫§ ﺻﻔـﺔ ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭـﺎ ﺟﻣـﻊ‬
I will visit other countries .
another ‫§ ﺻﻔـﺔ ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭـﺎ اﺳـم ﻣﻔـرد‬
I will read another story .
graduate
graduate from ‫§ ﯾﺗﺧـرج ﻣـن‬
He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine.
a graduate of ‫§ ﺧـرﯾـﺞ‬
He is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine.
graduate with a degree in ‫§ ﯾﺗﺧـرج ﺑﺷﮭـﺎدة ﻓـﻰ‬
He graduated with a degree in history.
Qualify
qualify as a teacher / an accountant ( ‫§ ﯾﺗﺄھل ﻛـ ) ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬
He qualified as a doctor two years ago.
qualify in biology / archaeology ( ‫§ ﯾﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣؤھل ﻓﻲ ) ﺗﺧﺻص ﻣﻌﯾن‬
He qualified in medicine last year.
be qualified to + inf. ‫§ ﯾﻛون ﻣؤھل ﻟﻛﻲ‬
She is qualified to teach English.
outdoor outdoors indoor indoors
outdoor (adj) ( ‫) ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ( ‫§ ﺧﺎرﺟـﻰ ) ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌـدھﺎ اﺳـم‬
Football is an outdoor game.
outdoors (adv) ‫) ظـرف‬ ‫§ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧـﺎرج‬
Archaeologists usually work outdoors. (
indoor (adj) ( ‫) ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ( ‫§ داﺧﻠـﻰ ) ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌـدھﺎ اﺳـم‬
Girls usually like indoor activities.
indoors (adv) ‫) ظـرف‬ ‫§ ﻓﻰ اﻟداﺧـل‬
The boys are playing computer games indoors. (

apply
apply for ‫§ ﯾﺗﻘـدم ﺑطﻠـب ﻟﻠﺣﺻـول ﻋﻠـﻰ وظﯾﻔـﺔ‬
She applied for a job as a secretary.
apply to ‫§ ﯾﻘـدم طـﻠب ﻟﺷـرﻛـﺔ أو ﻟﺷﺧـص‬
He applied to three universities and was accepted by all of them.
adapt adopt
adapt ‫§ ﯾﺗﻛﯾــف ﻣــﻊ‬
Old people find it difficult to adapt to life in a foreign country
adopt ‫§ ﯾﺗﺑــﻧﻰ‬
The police are adopting more merciful methods.
connect contact
connect something to something ‫§ ﯾوﺻل ﺑﺟﮭﺎز‬
First connect the printer to the computer.
connect someone / thing with something ‫ ﯾرﺗﺑط ﺑـ‬/ ‫§ ﯾوﺻل‬
The railway link would connect Tanta with Cairo.
There was nothing to connect him with the crime.
contact ‫§ ﯾﺗﺻل ﺑـ‬
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need anything.
inquire about acquire require
inquire about ‫§ ﯾﺳﺗﻔﺳـر‬
I inquired about the flights to Saudi Arabia.
acquire ‫§ ﯾﻛﺗﺳـب‬
As long as we live, we acquire new knowledge and skills.
require ‫§ ﯾﺗطﻠـب‬
This job requires skill.
social sociable
social ( ‫§ اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ) ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬
Poverty is a social problem.
sociable ( ‫§ اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ) ودود‬
Our uncle is very sociabl, We all like him.

Choose the correct answer:

1-My friend always enjoyed taking care ( for- of- about-from ) other people.
2- It seems a( nature-naturalness –natures ) natural thing to talk with others openly .
3- I applied ( to –for- in – with ) a big company for the job advertised in the news paper .
4- She was well qualified for the job because she had ( did – had-made- taken ) training in this field.
5- My father works in the English ( part-section-department-corner ) at a well known university.
6- She is ( work hard-hard work – hard working-works hard ) student .
7- Her job was ( incredible-incredibleness-credible- incredibly ) influential .
8-She finds working for charities is very ( reward- rewarded- rewarding-rewards) and worthwhile.
9- He found an interesting ( work-job-works-efforts) as a clerk in a company.
10- Worry is another word for ( stressful- stress-stressed-stressing )
11- Mr.Essam Gawish has the (able – capable- enable- ability ) to master English well.
12- There are many jobs are ( loved- fame-popular- popularity ) with young people in Egypt today.
13- Her exam results ( caused-resulted-did – made ) in great worry to her .
14- When she finishes secondary education , she hopes to join medicine ( colleague-collage – college-colligate ).
15- Leaving her previous job was quite ( stressed-stressed-worrying-stress ) decision.
16- His new job responsibilities are very ( worried-stressed- stressful- worry ).
17- I like doing my job , but it is tiring at ( a time – time- times- a times ).
18- When he becomes angry , he looks ( frightened-frightening-afraid-terrified ) I feel afraid of him.
19- A part of her job is to make them feel (quiet-quite- claim – quit ).
20- Doing his job and studying was very ( hardly- hard- heard-hardness ) for him .
21- Doing his job and studying was very ( tired- tiring- tiredness-exhausted ).
22- Through training well and hard work , he became a ( success-succeed-successful-successfully)player
23- This work need much ( skills-skill-skilful-skillfully ) to master it .
24- You should be ( skills-skill-skilful-skillfully ) to master this job.
25- You need to have a good (communicator –communication-communicated-communicates) to be a nurse.
26- You should be ( knowledge-knowledgeable-know-knows ) in the field of medicine.
27- Mr. Abdu Allah Mahrous has very good language ( knowledge-knows- knowledgeable-known).
28- Something is ( reward- rewarded- rewarding-rewards) when doing it makes you feel good .
29- The athlete has been ( rewarded- awarded- won – gained) a prize because of his great achievements.
30-The rich man ( rewarded- awarded- won – gained) the driver who returned a bag of money to him.
31-Heping other people makes me ( felt-feel-feeling-feels) happy and satisfied.
32- When you are (replying-applying-replaying-allying ),you make a formal request, usually in writing.
33- When something causes worry , it is ( stressful- stress-stressed-stresses )
34-The emergency room in a hospital is called ( casual-causable-causality-casualty ) department .
35- learning skills you need for a job is called ( skill-training-qualifications-contract).
36- ( Skill-Training-Qualification-Contract)is skills or knowledge that make you eligible for a job or work.
37- A legal agreement among people is called a ( skill-training-qualifications-contract)
38- When you have the required skills, you will be (legible-illegible-eligible-legibility) for the job.
39-The matter was so ( emergency- emergent-emerge – merge ) that he couldn't wait till the morning.
40- Nurses in this hospital care well ( after-of – about- for ) sick people.
41- Eating fruits and vegetables is good ( at – about – for – to ) your health .
42- He is a kind man , he is always good ( at – about – for – to ) me.
43- To get this job, you should be good ( at – about – for – to ) languages.
44- After I graduated, I got a (two-years- two-years'- two-year- two-year's) contract to work abroad.
45- You should make a good ( choose-choice-chose-hoes) concerning your working life.
46- You should have a little more ( practical-practice-practise- practised) to pass your exams.
47- Candidates should have training and ( practical-practises-practise- practised) experience.
48- We shouldn't buy ( produce-production-productive- products) that don’t have labels.
49- To get this job, you must ( prove-approve-improve-strove ) your language skills.
50- When he was climbing the mountain, he met many ( challenge-challenges-challengers-danger).
51-You can choose from a ( vary-various – variable – variety ) of books here .
52- Climbing the mountain was very ( challenge-challenging-challengers-danger) but amusing.
53- It is sometimes difficult when you’re working ( for- with- at- on) several products.
54- You should apply for the job before the (redline-wrinkle line-deadline-offline ).
55- The changes in her character were very (obvious-obviously-obviated-violated).
56- She failed the exams because she got a bad ( degree-grade-qualifications-marks)
57- He teaches at university and has a ( degree-grade-qualifications-marks) in Biology.
58-I did not know how ( importance-important-import-imported) to speak English until I met a tourist.
59- My friend advised me to look ( after-at-into-for ) another job to improve my income .
60- My friend advised me to ( search-find-look – make) another job to improve my income .
61-A/an. Is ( degree-grade-qualifications-marks) a qualification you receive when you finish university.
62- A/an(skill-industry-training-contract) is a particular type of business that produces a particular type of goods or services.
63- (apprenticeship-construction-industry-training) is the work of building something.
64- A/an (attendant-casualty-apprentice-nurse) is a person whose job involves helping the public.
65- A/an(attention-industry-apprenticeship-degree) is a period of time working in order to learn skills needed to do a job.
66- His previous job was a ( really-real-reality-realness ) interesting job.
67-Where did you ( make-do-qualify-give ) your degree.
68- Mr.Hesham Karam has great (experiences- experience- experienced-experiment) in teaching English.
69- What other (difference-differences-distinction- differs ) do you notice ?
70- The abbreviation of Information Technology is ( CV-IT-BSc-AI ).
71- He has been promoted as he is ( making-saying-doing-exerting ) his job well.
72- He asked me whether I ( had – did- made- gave ) any work experience.
73- Last week I vested Cairo International Book ( Exhibition- Fair-Justice-gallery )
74- I am employed ( at- on- of- about ) the children’s ward in a hospital.
75- It’s very ( sadness- sadly- sad- sorrow ) that some children have been in the hospital for months
76- She is a ( care-careless- caring-carefulness ) nurse. She offers help and support to every patient.
77- What are the main skills( required – require- requiring-requires ) for this job.
78- Mr.Nabil Morris is well (qualify-qualified-qualification-qualifies) to write a very successful book .
79- Mr.Elfeky ( earns- gains-wins-beats ) much money out of his work .
80- How ( much – many – often – far ) holiday do you have a year?
81- you also need to be ( patient-a patient – patience- a patience ) on dealing with children .
82- Mr.Gawad Elshafey is greatly (experiences- experience- experienced-experiment) in teaching English.
83-A person who always tells the truth is ( true- truth- honest – honesty )
84-Someone who can change their behaviour in different situations is ( flexible- truth- flexibility – honesty )
85-A person who can explain their ideas is a good (communication-communicate-communicator-communicating)
86- Someone who thinks that they can do things well is (communicator-confident-flexible-honest )
87-Someone who always does what they say they will do is (communicator-confident-flexible-reliable )
88- A person who supports their friends even when it’s difficult is ( loyal - confident- flexible- honest )
 1- Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Lifelong learning goes ………… for life , from the time you graduate until you retire . This ………..
necessary as employers do not offer permanent jobs. We …………. learn the skills required………….
different jobs. Companies pay a lot to provide training ……………… their employees . Lifelong learning
helps us …………. acquire the knowledge and skills needed in the Labour market.
2- Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Distance learning is a method ……… study that helps us to continue our learning. We need …….. continue
learning to keep up ………. the latest developments in different fields. Human knowledge ………
increasing all the time. If we do not update our knowledge, we will not ……… able to live in today's
world. ………… fact, lifelong learning is important to everyone.
3- Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Reading is very important. It is the food of the ……….. Through reading, we benefit ……… the experience
of other people. Reading has ………….. good effect on our behaviour . It helps us to acquire good qualities
. It enables us ……….. understand the world that we live in. It helps us to solve our problems in life.
Through reading, we get a lot ……….. information about the progress in science and technology. By
reading we never …………. Lonely.
4- Complete the following passage with a suitable word
By reading, we never ………… lonely . In fact, books are the best friends. Reading helps us ………….
develop our characters and widen our horizons. The project ‘Reading for All’ aims ……… spreading the
habit of reading ………… young children. It also aims at developing the abilities of young children to
become …………. citizens in the future. Many public libraries have been set up in towns and villages. This
will enrich our cultural life and create generation of scientists ………….. thinkers .
5- Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Egypt is the cradle of civilization. The library of Alexandria was the world’s first university. The old library
of Alexandria ……….. burnt a long time ago. Great efforts were ……… to rebuild the library. The revival
of the ancient library aims at building a modern public …………...
The new library was designed ……….. a circle. The library of Alexandria is expected ……… be the centre
of culture, science ……….. research.
6- Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Science and technology are the features of our world today. They have played an important …………. in
the different fields of life. Thanks ……… them, our life has become easier. Scientists and technologists
have devised new methods in the different fields ……… life for a better life. The computer ………… one
of the marvels of modern technology. Satellites are one of the latest means of communications. ……….. the
other hand, technology and science have some disadvantages. Some countries use ……….. to produce
destructive weapons.
7- Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Online distance learning is an instructional system which connects learners with educational resources.
Students work …….. their own at home, or at school and communicate ……… faculty and other students
via e-mail, video conferencing and other forms of computer-based communication. There …………. both
advantages and disadvantages to online distance learning. Online distance learning ……………. available
all the time and everywhere. However, there are drawbacks ………….. some learners. The online learner
only has the written text; this ……….. confuse the learner and cause misunderstanding.
A) Translate into Arabic:
1- A bee is certainly not an idle creature. It flies up to two mile; visits over three million flowers to extract their
sweet liquid. sweet liquid is converted into honey which man uses for many various purposes.
2- Learning foreign language need never stop .One should not learn a foreign language merely to achieve an
immediate professional or academic aim and then give it up .He should carry on learning as it a valuable experience
that enriches his life .
3- Egypt has a strong cultural history. Some of the greatest Arab writers, musicians and craftsmen are Egyptians. In
the last century, Taha Hussein, Tawfic Al Hakim and Naguib Mahfouz were probably the best known writers in
Arabic.
4-The 20th century will be remembered for its scientific revolution. Our age is the age of the atom, space and
revolutionary medical achievements. Therefore, conferences are organized to apply and make use of these
achievements.
5- A wise educational policy directs education towards fulfilling the needs of society. It also deals with its current
and future problems. This leads to the welfare of both the individual and the society.
6- Protecting our heritage is up to us. It is not the responsibility of the government alone but of individuals as well.
If we don't look after our heritage, it could easily disappear like most of the wonders of the ancient world.
7- Television has a great influence on children as It increases their culture in a simple way.
8- Sat nav system has been widely used recently.
9- The government makes great efforts to reclaim part of the desert and change it into green fields.
10- Toshka is one of the greatest projects in Egypt nowadays. it is done for the welfare of the Egyptians,
especially the coming generations . It has provided several job opportunities for the youth.
b) Translate into English :
.‫ﻟم ﺗﻛن اﻟﺣرب وﻟن ﺗﻛون أﺑدا ﺳﺑﯾﻼ إﻟﻰ ﺣل اﻟﻣﻧﺎزﻋﺎت ﺑﯾن اﻟدول‬ §
.‫اﻟﺣﺿﺎرة ﺗزدھر أﻓﺿل ﻓﻲ أوﻗﺎت اﻟﺳﻼم‬ §
.‫ﻣن ﺣﻘك أن ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن رأﯾك ﺑﺣرﯾﺔ و ﻟﻛن ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺣﺗرم اﻵﺧرﯾن‬ §
‫إن اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ و اﻻﺑﺗﻛﺎر ھﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻋدﺗﺎ اﻟﺗﻘدم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬ §
.‫ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻠﺗﺣق اﻟطﺎﻟب ﺑﺎﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺎﺳب ﻣواھﺑﮫ و ﻗدراﺗﮫ‬ §
‫ﻟﻘد ﻛﺎن ﻟﻠﻌﻠم واﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﺛر ﺑﺎرز ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾﺎة اﻹﻧﺳﺎن وﺗطوره ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣدى اﻟﻌﺻور‬ §
‫إن ﺗﻧﻣﯾﮫ ﻣواھب اﻟطﻔل وﺗﻧﺷﺋﺗﮫ اﻟﺗﻧﺷﺋﺔ اﻟﺳﻠﯾﻣﺔ ﺗﺳﺎﻋد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺟﯾل ﻗوى‬ §
.‫اﻟﺻﺑر واﻟﺗﻌﺎون ﻣـﻊ اﻵﺧرﯾن ﻣن أھم اﻟﺻﻔـﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺎﻋد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺟـﺎح‬ §
‫اﻟﺟﺷﻊ واﻻﺳﺗﻐﻼل واﻻﺣﺗﻛﺎر ﺟراﺋم ﻻﺗﻘل ﺧطورة ﻋن اﻻرھﺎب‬ §
.‫ﺗﺷﺟﻊ اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺗطﯾﻊ أن ﺗﺳﺗﻐﻧﻲ ﻋن ﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟواردات‬ §
.‫ﻟﻘد وھب ﷲ ﻣﺻر ﻛﺛﯾرا ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻟو أﺣﺳن اﺳﺗﻐﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻷﺻﺑﺣﻧﺎ ﻣن أﻏﻧﻲ اﻟدول‬ §
‫ھل أﻧت ﻣﻊ اﻟﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺣدﯾﺛﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت أم ﻻ؟‬ §
Units 10 Reported Speech
Statement ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬
. ‫داﺋﻤﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ ﻟﺘﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ان اﻟﻜﻼم ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬
Doaa said to Donia " I haven't taken your car with me today . "
‫وﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ھﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻓﻚ اﻗﻮاس اﻟﺘﻨﺼﯿﺺ وھﻨﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ وﻛﻼم ﻣﻨﻘﻮل ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ وﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﺣﺪ ھﺬه اﻻﻓﻌﺎل ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ واﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬said to ‫ ﻻ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل‬: ‫ﺧﻄﻮات وﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات وھﻲ‬
promised/offered / agreed/threatened/ refused/reminded/decided/ encouraged/ invited admit / deny
/ apologize for/objected to/insisted on / suggest / congratulate on / claimed ‫ادﻋﻲ‬/ complained /
mentioned ‫ ذﻛر‬/ indicated ‫ أوﺿﺢ‬/ asserted ‫ أﻛد‬/ agreed / reported / explained / shouted
He suggested watching the news on TV. He denied seeing the accident.
He denied that he had seen the accident. He promised to lend me the money I needed.
He promised that he would lend me the money I needed.
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ داﺋﻤﺎ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ازﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻟﺔ ) اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﻓﻚ اﻗﻮاﺳﮭﺎ ( وﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻟﻼزﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﻼﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻷﺗﻲ‬-٢
‫ﻣﺎﺿ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬-١
‫ﺗﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
- Magda told Haneen that she ……..all the house work the following day .
a- are doing b- have done c- was going to do d- had done
‫ھﻧﺎك ﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﺗﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﻲ ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷر ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
now then tonight that night
this that tomorrow the next day
these those yesterday the day before / the
previous day
here there today that day
(two days) ago (two days)before / earlier yet by then
last week the week before / the previous week next week the following week

the day before yesterday two days before the day after in two days’ time
tomorrow
tomorrow morning the next morning this afternoon that afternoon
next Friday the following Friday
:‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬say(s)-tells ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ‬-
She says she lives in a small flat in Cairo.
:‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬-
She said that metals expand when they are heated.
just now – a moment ago – a short time ago ‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻗﯿﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮة وﺟﯿﺰة وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬-
He said just now he has already seen the film.
:‫ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﻂ‬if ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد‬-
He said if it rained, he would stay at home
Reported Questions
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻚ اﻻﻗﻮاس ﯾﺘﺤﻮل ﻓﻌﻞ ﻗﻮل اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻻﺗﯿﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع او اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
He inquired / I’d like to know / I wanted to know / I want to know / I wondered
I wonder / I had no idea / I have no idea / I didn’t know / I don’t know / He asked / He asks
‫ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل او ﻻ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‬ask ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬wonder / inquire ‫¨ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ‬
- She wondered why I had left the party early . - She asked me why I had left the party early .
- She asked why I had left the party early .
whether / if / ‫أداة اﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬..... ‫¨ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎﻣﯿﺔ ب‬
- He asked me ………… my parents knew I was there.
a. who b. weather c. if d. what
- She asked me ………………or not I was going out that night .
a. who b. weather c. if d. whether
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻟﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺧﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬-
- She asked rne where……………………….
a . have I eaten b. did I eat c. would I eat d. I had eaten
Order
Nada said to Ola " Take your coat with you ."
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘﻮل ﻟﻼﻓﻌﺎل اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‬-
¨Said to told/asked/advised/begged/warned /threatened/instructed/recommended/
suggested
:‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻔــﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬not to + inf. ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺛﺒﺎت و ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬to + inf. ‫¨ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
 - He told me to read the instructions before I operated the machine.
- My father asked me ………….other people .
a- to deceive b- not to deceive c- that deceive d- deceiving

Choose the correct answer:

1- Ali ………………. his son had bought a car the day before.
( wondered – said - said to – told )
2- Ola told me that she ………………… visit Tanta the following day.
( would – will – had – had )
3- The teacher told his students that The Nile ………………. in Egypt.
( ran - had run - will run – runs )
4- Aya ordered Maha …………….. make noise in the class.
( to – if – whether - not to )
5- Ahmed asked me ……………….. I had gone the day before.
( why – where – what – when )
6- Do you know where ………………. the previous day.
( Dina went - did Dina go - Dina had gone - had Dina gone )
7- The police ……………. people from the deadly spiders.
( told – warned – wondered – wandered )
8- I do not approve …………….. your opinion.
( of - in- off - at )
9- He asked me where I ………………. then.
( stay - did I stay - was staying - am I staying )
10- ………………. book was the one you were pointing at?
( Who - Whose - Where - How many)
11- The interviewer asked the professor ………………… he had worked.
( whether – unless – that – whatever )
12- I want know how …………………….. her.
( you helped - have you helped - do you help - had you helped )
13- Can you kindly tell me where ……………….. ?
( is the manager - the manager is - the manger was )
14- She asked me whether ………………… there before.
( I had been - I went – I go - had I been )
15- He ………………… he wouldn't be able to sleep until he had finished the homework.
( said – asked – wondered – wanted to know )
16- She said that she ………………… to be a writer.
( want – wants – wanted – is wanting )
17- She admitted that her brother ………………… her with her homework that afternoon.
( was helping – is helping – he is helping – he was helping )
18- She said they ………………… them there the following Saturday.
( meet – are meeting – have been meeting – were meeting )
19- She ………………… that she had waited for more than an hour for her appointment.
( asked – wondered – complained – ordered )
20- They promised that they ………………… us as soon as they arrived.
( phone – would phone – will phone – phones )
21- He admitted that he ………………… late the night before.
( arrives – has arrived – had arrived – will arrive )
22- She ………………… that she was hoping to come and see me the following week.
( exclaimed – refused – asked – explained )
23- I admitted that I ………………… any plans.
( don't have – am not having – didn't have – doesn't have )
24- He denied ………………… at the scene of the crime.
( to be – had been – was – being )
25- I explained that I ………………… ask my mother.
( would have to – will have to – will – shall )
26- She wanted to know if I ………………… to go shopping with her.
( will like – do like – would like – likes )
27- Peter ………………… he would phone me that evening.
( asked – wondered – promised – wanted )
28- She said, "I ………………… anyone until I have finished.
( didn't see – won't see – wasn't seen – hadn't seen )
29- He ………………… he wouldn't be able to sleep until he had finished the homework.
( said – asked – told- say )
30- She said that she ………………… to be a writer.
( want – wants – wanted – is wanting)
31- She admitted that Mona ………………… her with her homework .
( was helping – helps – 'll helping – helping )
32- She said they ………………… them there the following Saturday.
( meet – are meeting – have met – were meeting )
33- She ………………… that she had waited for an hour for her appointment.
( asked – told – complained – ordered )
34- They promised that they ………………… us as soon as they arrived.
( phone – would phone – will phone – phones )
35- He admitted that he ………………… late the night before.
( arrives – has arrived – had arrived – will arrive )
36- He told me that his sister ………………… ill.
( is – has been – had been – will be )
37- I admitted that I ………………… any plans.
( don't have – am not having – didn't have – doesn't have )
38- He denied ………………… at the scene of the crime.
( to be – had been – was – being )
39- I explained that I ………………… ask my mother.
( would have to – will have to – will – shall )
40- She said, "I ………………… anyone until I have finished.
( didn't see – won't see – wasn't seen – hadn't seen )
41- She refused ………………… me the money I needed.
( lending – lend – to lend – to lending )
42- She explained that she ………………… to visit me the following week.
( hopes – will hope- hope - was hoping )
43- Warda said just now that she ………………… hungry.
( is – had been – were - was )
44- The teacher told us that the earth ………………… the sun.
( orbit – orbited – orbits- will orbit )
45- He said that when he ………………… to the museum, he had seen the statues.
( is – has been - 'll be- had been )
46- He said that he ………………….. his friend the following day.
a- will visit b) would visit c) is visiting d) visited
47- He said that he …………………..her playing the piano.
a) had seen b) has seen c) will see d) can see
48- Samir …………………..that the helicopter was flying high.
a) told b) said to c) asked d) said
49- Haytham said that it ………………….. hot that day.
a) will be b) would be c) is d) is being
50- Mohamed ………………….. me that he had had a busy morning.
a) said b) explained c) told d) admitted
51- Eman said that Damascus ………………….. the capital of Syria.
a) is b) be c) had been d) is being
52- Karim promised that he ………………… us the next morning.
a) will phone b) would phone c) phoned d) had phoned
53- The teacher told us that Russia …………………… the biggest country in the world.
a) is b) were c) has been d) would be
54- The teacher suggested that …………………. the exercise again.
a) we do b) we are doing c) doing d) did we
55- Emad said ………………….. he often wrote stories.
a) that b) whether c) weather d) to
56- Samira said that they ………………… all of Cairo from the top of the tower.
a) can see b) could be seen c) could see d) have seen
57- I asked Leila what ……………… to study at university.
( she was hoping – was she hoping – did she hope – will she hope )
58- She ……………… that she had waited for more than an hour for her appointment.
( asked – wondered – complained – ordered )
59- He asked me if I knew that his sister ……………… ill.
( is – has been – had been – will be )
60- We wanted to know what ……………… of his idea.
( they thought – did they think – had they thought – will they think )
61- She wondered if ……………… anything interesting at the weekend.
( was I doing – I was doing – had I been doing – I am doing )
62- She wanted to know if I ……………… to go shopping with her.
( will like – do like – would like – likes )
63- Peter ……………… he would phone me that evening.
( asked – wondered – promised – wanted )
64- She asked me, "……………… the DVD?"
( Have you watched – You watched – You are watching – You watch )
65- She asked him ……………… he was going out.
( which – what – whether – who )
66- She asked me ……………… the bag for her.
( carrying – to carry – carry – carried )
67- She asked him what ……………… since he left school.
( had he been doing - he was doing - he had been doing - he is doing )
68- He asked me why ……………… to work abroad.
( I want – I wanted – do I want – did I want )
69- They asked me if my parents ……………… I was there.
( know – are knowing – have known – knew )
70- He asked me ……………… I had a driving licence.
( whether – what – how many – how high )
71- They want to know who ……………… the match.
( did win – won – do win – does win )
72- She asked me which university ……………… .
( had I been to – go I to – did I go to – I had been to )
73- She asked me whether my uncle ……………… I was trying to find another job.
( know – know – knew – known )
74- He asked me why ……………… to work for their company.
( do I want – had I wanted – did I want – I wanted )
75- She wanted to know how…………… about working in another part of the country.
( I would feel - would I feel - do I feel - had I felt )
76- She asked me ……………… I could tell her how old I was.
( how – when – why – whether )
77- He asked me ……………… I knew that his sister had been ill.
( what – when – where - if )
78- She wondered ……………… my sister had gone to school or not.
( if- whether – where – why )
79- We wanted to know ……………… they thought of his idea.
( what – when – where - if )
80- Rana asked Kholoud what she ……………… the evening before.
( has done – does – would do - had done )
81- Hany asked Aly whether he ……………… to the museum the next day.
( went – had gone – goes - could go )
82- The teacher…………………………whether we had found the homework easy or difficult.
( said - told - inquired - promised )
83- Leila wondered if we ……………… to the park.
( shall go – will go – can go - should go )
84- Imad wanted to know where Hesham ……………… to university.
( go – will go – can go - would go )
85- First, I asked Andy where the poet ………………
( grows up - has grown up - grew up - had grown up )
86- I asked Amr what ……………… then.
( is he doing – he was doing – was he doing – he is doing )
87- He wanted to know ………………… she was married.
( what – whether – unless – weather )
88- The doctor ……….. me to take off my jacket.
( played – asked – warned – thanked )
89- I asked him…………….. it was true that he had helped students at Oxford University
( which – whether – where )
90- She…………………..if I had a pencil,
( asked me – wondered me – told me – said to me )

Test 10
A- Vocabulary and Structure
1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. She was well qualified for the job because she had ........................ training in this field.
a- did b- had c- made d- taken
2. He found an interesting ........................ as a clerk in a company.
a- work b- job c- works d- efforts
3. Mr. Emad has the ........................ to master English well.
a- able b- capable c- enable d- ability
4. When she finishes secondary education , she hopes to join medicine ........................ .
a- colleague b- collage c- college d- colligate
5. Leaving her previous job was quite ........................ decision.
a-stressed b- stressed c- worrying d- stress
6. A part of her job is to make them feel ........................ .
a- quiet b- quite c- claim d– quit
7. Doing his job and studying was very ........................ .
a- tired b- tiring c- tiredness d- exhausted
8. Ahmed told me that he ……………….. basketball the day before.
a- plays b- had played c- has played d- was played
9. said he ……………….. his driving test the previous year.
a- passes b- would pass c- pass d- had passed
10. He told me that he ……………….. as a sales assistant.
a- is working b- works c- is working d- had been working
11. He explained that his uncle ……………….. him then.
a- was helping b- helps c- helped d-'ll help
12. My son ……………… that his book was really exciting.
a- asked b-wondered c- inquired d- explained
13. I asked him what ……………… .
a- was he reading b- is he reading c-he was reading d- has he been reading
14. She asked me ……………… anybody what had had happened.
a- not telling b- not to tell c- tell not d- told
15. He asked me where ……………… .
a- I have been b- have I been c- had I been d- I had been
16. He asked me if ……………… the book he had lent me the week before.
a- had I finished b- did I finish c- I had finished d- I have finished
Complete the following passage with a suitable word
Lifelong learning ………… for life, from the time you graduate until you retire . This ………..
necessary as employers do not offer permanent jobs. We …………. learn the skills required………….
different jobs. Companies pay a lot to provide training ……………… their employees . Lifelong learning
helps us …………. acquire the knowledge and skills needed in the Labour market.
Reading Comprehension and Set Books
3) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Dear Ali,
How are you?
I had wanted to email you before I started my new job, but I did not have time! I’ve now worked here
for two weeks. I’m working in an old building in the middle of the city at the moment and I travel to work by
bus. By the end of next year, they will have finished building a new office in a different part of the city. So
after that, I’ll be travelling to work every day on the metro! Before I started this job, I hadn’t known very
much about new technology. Now I use it every day.
I often talk to people in other countries, using the internet. The work is different every day.
Yesterday I was interviewing a businesswoman from Japan. Today I’m visiting a new hotel in Cairo and
tomorrow I’m going to a meeting in Damietta. I think I’ll have to get up very early because the train leaves
at 5a.m.! The job is very tiring and I don’t have a routine yet, but I’m enjoying it. I have already written a lot
of articles. You can read them online. I’ve met some famous people, too.
There is a photo of me interviewing a politician in the attachment to this email. He works for the
Ministry of Antiquities, so he knows all about ancient Egypt. I haven’t met any sports people yet, but there
is an important tennis competition next month. There are some famous tennis players going
there and I’m sure I’ll interview one.
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Munir
A) Choose the correct answer :
1- For how long has Munir done this job?
a) for a year b) for two weeks c) since he moved offices d) since last May
2- Why does he have to get up early tomorrow?
a) He’s interviewing a businessman. b) He’s visiting a new hotel.
c) He is going to a meeting. d) He’s interviewing a politician.
3- What does the underlined word one refer to?
a) tennis competitions b) business people c) a famous tennis player d) a politician
4- What does the word antiquities means?
a) very old things b) farming c) medicine d) education
B) Answer the following questions :
5- How does Munir usually communicate with people in the countries?
6- What job do you think Munir does?
7- Why didn’t Munir email his friend before he got the job?
Writing
4) Write an essay on one of the following:
1- "How to spend your leisure time"
2- Your dream job
Translation
5) A- Translate into Arabic:
1- Firefighting can be dangerous and it can be very hard work, but I wouldn’t do any other job.
2- You must be able to communicate well with your teammates and also be happy to adapt to different
situations when necessary

B) Translate into English:

‫§ ﻣﺎ ھﻰ اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﻠم ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل؟‬
.‫§ ﻟﻠﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ وظﯾﻔﺔ ﺟﯾدة ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺎت ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
 Unit 11 1st Amazing people 2nd Hello English

Key Vocabulary

athlete ‫رﯾﺎﺿﻲ‬ Kung Fu ‫رﯾﺎﺿﺔ اﻟﻛوﻧﺞ ﻓو‬

National Team ‫اﻟﻔرﯾق اﻟوطﻧﻲ‬ medal ‫ﻣﯾداﻟﯾﺔ‬
physical difference ‫اﻟﻔرق اﻟﺟﺳدي‬ muscle ‫ﻋﺿﻠﺔ‬
the Olympic Games ‫اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻷوﻟﻣﺑﯾﺔ‬ championship ‫ﺑطوﻟﺔ‬
achieve ‫ ﯾﺗوﺻل‬- ‫ ﯾﻧﺟز‬- ‫ﯾﺣﻘق‬ champion ‫ﺑطل‬
achievement ‫إﻧﺟﺎز‬ disability ‫ اﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬- ‫ﻋﺟز‬
compete ‫ﺗﻧﺎﻓس‬ Paralympic Games ‫اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻷوﻟﻣﺑﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﺎﻗﯾن‬
competition ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻓﺳﺔ‬ polio ‫ﺷﻠل اﻷطﻔﺎل‬
race ‫ﺳﺑﺎق‬ equal opportunities ‫ﻓرص ﻣﺗﺳﺎوﯾﺔ = ﺗﻛﺎﻓؤ اﻟﻔرص‬
racer ‫ﻣﺗﺳﺎﺑق‬ charity activist ‫ﻧﺎﺷط ﻓﻲ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ ﺧﯾرﯾﺔ‬
powerlifting ‫رﻓﻊ اﻻﺛﻘﺎل‬ campaign ‫ﺣﻣﻠﺔ‬
powerlifter ‫رﻓﻊ اﻻﺛﻘﺎل‬ highs and lows ‫ﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺎت وﻣﻧﺧﻔظﺎت‬
lift weights ‫راﻓﻊ أﺛﻘﺎل‬ ramp ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺣدر‬
wheelchair ‫ﻛرﺳﻲ ﻣﺗﺣرك‬ celebrity ‫ﺷﺧص ﻣﺷﮭور‬

Vocabulary

amazing ‫ﻣدھش = ﻣذھل‬ charity ‫ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ ) ﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ ( ﺧﯾرﯾﺔ‬

success ‫ﻧﺟﺎح‬ personally ‫ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺎ‬
successful = a success ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ media ‫وﺳﺎﺋل اﻹﻋﻼم‬
successfully ‫ﺑﻧﺟﺎح‬ sloping surface ‫ﺳطﺢ ﻣﺎﺋل‬
above ‫ ﻓوق‬- ‫اﻋﻼه‬ levels ‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬
inside ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟداﺧل‬ familiar job ‫وظﯾﻔﺔ ﻣﺄﻟوﻓﺔ‬
take part in = participate ‫ﯾﺷﺎرك ﻓﻲ‬ a waste of time ‫ﻣﺿﯾﻌﺔ ﻟﻠوﻗت‬
in
chair with wheels ‫ﻛرﺳﻲ ﺑﻌﺟﻼت‬ rewarding ‫ﻣﺟزي‬
Chinese sport ‫رﯾﺎﺿﺔ ﺻﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ presenter ‫ﻣﻘدم‬
involves ‫ﯾﺗﺿﻣن‬ almost ‫ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﯾﺎ‬
fighting with ‫اﻟﻘﺗﺎل ﻣﻊ‬ current job ‫اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
hands and feet ‫اﻷﯾﺎدي و اﻷرﺟل‬ area ‫ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬
metal disc ‫ﻗرص ﻣﻌدﻧﻲ‬ possibility ‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
win ‫ﯾﻔوز‬ conversation ‫ﻣﺣﺎدﺛﺔ‬
play a sport ‫ﯾﻠﻌب رﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬ complaint ‫ﺷﻛوى‬
member ‫ﻋﺿو‬ response ‫ رد‬- ‫اﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
secondary school ‫اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ‬ manager ‫ﻣدﯾر‬
terrible ‫رھﯾب‬ apologise ‫ﯾﻌﺗذر‬
accident ‫ﺣﺎدث‬ a shoe shop ‫ﻣﺗﺟر أﺣذﯾﺔ‬
practise ‫ﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ‬ customer ‫زﺑون‬
sport ‫رﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬ polite x impolite ‫ ﻏﯾر ﻣﮭذب‬x ‫ﻣﮭذﺑﺎ‬
international ‫دوﻟﻲ‬ neighbours ‫اﻟﺟﯾران‬
fit ‫ﻻﺋق ﺑدﻧﯾﺎ‬ quietly ‫ﺑﮭدوء‬
gold medal ‫اﻟﻣﯾداﻟﯾﺔ اﻟذھﺑﯾﺔ‬ noise ‫اﻟﺿوﺿﺎء‬
silver medal ‫اﻟﻣﯾداﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﺿﯾﺔ‬ dose ‫ﺟرﻋﺔ‬
bronze medal ‫اﻟﻣﯾداﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﺑروﻧزﯾﺔ‬ sign on x off ‫ اﻟﺧروج‬x ‫ﺗﺳﺟﯾل اﻟدﺧول‬
illness ‫ﻣرض‬ suitable ‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳب‬
affect ‫ﺗؤﺛر‬ disabled colleagues
employee ‫ﻣوظف‬
aged ‫ﻣﺳن – ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣر‬ ramps and lifts ‫ﺳﻼﻟم واﻟﻣﺻﺎﻋد‬
die ‫ﯾﻣوت‬ staff ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯾن‬
receive training
came fourth ‫ ﺟﺎء اﻟراﺑﻊ‬receive training ‫ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺗدرﯾب‬

medical condition ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ طﺑﯾﺔ‬ support ‫ﯾدﻋم‬

unable to ‫ﻏﯾر ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ disabled colleagues ‫اﻟزﻣﻼء اﻟﻣﻌوﻗﯾن‬
get around ‫ﯾﺗﺟول‬ sales department ‫ﻗﺳم اﻟﻣﺑﯾﻌﺎت‬
wheelchair basketball ‫ﻛرة اﻟﺳﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛرﺳﻲ ﻣﺗﺣرك‬ qualified for ‫ﻣؤھل ﻟـ‬
athletics ‫اﻻﻟﻌﺎب اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ look forward to ‫أﺗطﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ‬
including ‫ﯾﺗﺿﻣن – ﯾﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ‬ hear from ‫ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣن‬
spina bifida ‫اﻟﻌﻣود اﻟﻔﻘري اﻟﻣﻔﺗوح‬ kind regards ‫أطﯾب اﻟﺗﺣﯾﺎت‬
retire ‫ﯾﺗﻘﺎﻋد‬ especially ‫ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ‬
organisations ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ cycling ‫رﻛوب اﻟدراﺟﺎت‬
disabled ‫ﻣﻌﺎق‬ windsurf ‫رﻛوب اﻷﻣواج‬
benefits ‫ﻓواﺋد‬ snowboard ‫ﻟوح اﻟﺗزﻟﺞ‬

Translation Words
energy reserves ‫اﺣﺗﯾﺎطﯾﺎت اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬ energy consumption ‫اﺳﺗﮭﻼك اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬
energy requirements ‫ﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬ improve the economy ‫ﯾُﺣﺳن اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬
massive projects ‫ﻣﺷروﻋﺎت ﺿﺧﻣﺔ‬ implement = carry out ‫ﯾُﻧﻔذ‬
remains ‫ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ‬ diverse ‫ ﻣﺗﻧوع‬/ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠف‬
petroleum derivatives ‫ﻣﺷﺗﻘﺎت اﻟﺑﺗرول‬ conserve energy ‫ﯾﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬
electric power plants ‫ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ‬ foreign investments ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎرات اﻷﺟﻧﺑﯾﺔ‬
keep pace with = keep up with ‫ ﯾﺳﺎﯾر‬/ ‫ﯾواﻛب‬ aggravate the situation ‫ﯾؤدي إﻟﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻗم اﻟﻣوﻗف‬
catch up with ‫ ﯾﺳﺎﯾر‬/ ‫ﯾواﻛب‬ with a view to ‫ﺑﮭدف‬

Definitions

achieve be successful in doing something.

achievement something good that you have done successfully.
compete take part in a race or a competition.
Kung Fu a Chinese sport which involves fighting with your hands and feet.
medal a metal disk that you can win when you do or play a sport.
muscle something inside your body that you use to move.
powerlifting a sport where people lift weights above their heads.
wheelchair a chair with wheels used by someone who can’t walk.
activist someone who tries to change things.
campaign to work in an organised way to change things.
ramp a sloping surface joining two places of different levels.
highs and lows successful and unsuccessful times.
disability a physical or mental condition that means you cannot use a part of your body.
disabled someone who can’t use part of their body in the way that most people can.
 Reading

Mahmoud Mohamed Youssef

Mahmoud Mohamed Youssef was a champion in Kung Fu and won many medals in the sport at
secondary school. After a terrible car accident, he now has a disability which means he has to use a
wheelchair. Mahmoud cannot walk again, but that has not stopped his love of sport.
He decided to practise a sport which you can play in a wheelchair and he became very good at
wheelchair tennis. He has competed in many international wheelchair tennis competitions and became
one of the best wheelchair tennis players in Egypt. That is an amazing achievement, but Mahmoud has
not stopped there. He also helps people who are in wheelchairs to stay fit, and gives talks to help other
people with disabilities.

Amany Ali
Amany Ali is an Egyptian Paralympic powerlifter who won a bronze medal in the 2016 Paralympic
Games in Brazil in 2016. Amany had an illness called polio when she was younger and this affected
the muscles in her feet. She did not start powerlifting until she was 20, although she has always loved
the sport. She achieved her Paralympic success in Brazil aged 40, and at a very difficult time. Her
father died two days before the competition, so she wanted to win the medal for him. She also came
fourth in the London Paralympic Games in 2012.

Tanni Grey-Thompson
Tanni Grey-Thompson is a British Paralympian wheelchair racer who has a medical condition
called spina bifida. She is unable to walk, so she uses a wheelchair to get around. Tanni first competed
in the 400 metres and wheelchair basketball at the Paralympics in Seoul in 1988. Tanni won 16
Paralympic medals in athletics events from the 100 metres up to the 800 metres, including 11 gold
medals. Since she retired from athletics in 2004, Tanni has worked for many different organisations
which help people, especially disabled people and women, to enjoy the benefits of sports.

Language Notes
Adjectives ending in (ed) & (ing)
adjectives ending in (ed) ‫ ﺗﻌﺑـر ﻋن أﺷﺧـﺎص‬ed ‫§ اﻟﺻﻔـﺎت اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾـﺔ ﺑـ‬
I'm very tired today. I'm interested in reading books.
adjectives (ing) ‫ ﺗﻌﺑـر ﻋـن أﺷﯾـﺎء‬ing ‫§ أﻣـﺎ اﻟﺻﻔـﺎت اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾـﺔ ﺑـ‬
Shopping is very tiring. I watched a very interesting film yesterday.
adjectives (ing) .‫ ( ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗل إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺷﺧص ھو اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺑب ھذه اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬ing) ‫§ وﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺄﺗﻰ اﻟﺻﻔـﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾـﺔ ﺑــ‬
He is boring. ( It means that he causes boredom )

realize achieve reach

realize ‫§ ﯾدرك‬
I'm sorry, I didn't realize that it was so late.
achieve ‫§ ﯾﺣﻘق‬
He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work harder.
reach ( goal – aim – target ) ‫§ ﯾﺻل إﻟﻰ ـ ﯾﺣﻘق‬
He reached his goal after long hours of hard work.
win beat
win ( ‫§ ﯾﻔوز ــ ﯾﻛﺳب ) ﻛﺄس ـ ﻣﺑـﺎراة ـ اﻧﺗﺧـﺎﺑﺎت‬
Egypt will win the cup I hope.
beat ( ‫§ ﯾﮭـزم ـ ﯾﺗﻐـﻠب ﻋﻠﻰ ) ﺷﺧـص أو ﻓـرﯾق‬
America could beat Sadam.
Sports
do – play sports ‫ﯾﻣﺎرس اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬ §
I should play ( do ) sports to get fit.
sports relating to sport ‫ﺻﻔـﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل اﻻﺳم‬ §
It's the school sports day on Monday.
sportsman ‫اﻟﺷﺧص اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﻲ‬ §
He'll be remembered both as a brilliant footballer and as a true sportsman.
sporty ‫ﺻﻔﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل ﻟﻼﺳم‬ §
We are a very sporty family.

play go do
play ( football, basketball, tennis, squash … ) . ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻣـﻊ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻟﻣﺗﺻﻠـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻛـره‬
They are playing football.
go ( fishing, sailing, swimming, running …) §
gone ‫ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬been ‫ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ing ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻣـﻊ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾـﺔ ﺑــ‬
Let's go sailing. Have you ever gone ( been ) swimming?
do ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ a lot of ‫ أو‬some ‫ ﯾﺳﺑﻘﮭﺎ‬ing ‫§ ﻻﺣـظ أﻧﮫ إذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾﺔ ﺑـ‬
I did some scuba diving last week.
do ( karate, hockey, high jump, judo … ) .‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻣـﻊ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻷﺧـرى‬
I do karate.

disabled retarded backward

disabled ‫§ ذو إﻋﺎﻗـﺔ ﺟﺳـدﯾﺔ‬
We take disabled children on trips at the weekends.
retarded ‫§ ذو إﻋﺎﻗـﺔ ﻋﻘﻠﯾـﺔ‬
Retarded children go to special school where they get special care.
backward ( ‫§ ﻣﺗﺧﻠف ﻋن اﻟﻧﻣـو اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻰ ) ﺷﺧـص ـ دوﻟﺔ‬
backward children need to learn more slowly than others.
The UN helps backward countries.
affect = have an effect on
affect ‫§ ﯾؤﺛـر ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Smoking affects health badly.
effect ‫§ ﺗﺄﺛﯾـر‬
Smoking has a bad effect on health.
effect ‫§ أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ُﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛﻔﻌل ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻲ ﯾُﺣدث أو ﯾﺳﺑب‬
He effected several changes in the company.

hero champion
hero ( ‫§ ﺑطل ) ﻣﺣﺎرب ﺑﺎرز ـ ﺗﺎرﯾﺧﻲ ـ ﻓﻲ ﻓﯾﻠم ـ ﻣﺳرﺣﯾﺔ ـ ﺷﺧص ﻣﺣﺑوب ﻹﻧﺟﺎزاﺗﮫ‬
th
El Sadat was 6 of October war hero. The hero of the novel is a ten-year old boy.
champion ( ‫§ ﺑطل ) رﯾﺎﺿﻲ ـ اﻟﻣداﻓﻊ ﻋن ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ أو ﻗﺿﯾﺔ ـ ﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬
He was a champion of the poor all his life. He was a champion in squash.
hear
hear ( ‫§ ﯾﺳﻣﻊ ) ﺳﻣﺎع ﻋﺎرض ـ ﺑدون ﻗﺻد‬
When I was walking in the street I heard someone crying .
hear from ‫§ ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣن‬
 Have you heard from Ahmed?
hear of - about ‫§ ﯾﺳﻣﻊ أﺧﺑﺎر ﻋن ـ ﯾﻌرف ﺑوﺟود ﺷﺧص أو ﺷﺊ ـ ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻋن‬
She disappeared and was never heard of again.
You will hear about this later.
fit suit match
fit ( ‫§ ﯾﻧﺎﺳب ) ﻣن ﺣﯾث اﻟﻣﻘﺎس‬
That jacket fits you perfectly.
suit ( ‫§ ﯾﻧﺎﺳب )ﻣن ﺣﯾث اﻟﺷﻛل‬
That blue shirt suits you. You look nice in it.
match ( ‫§ ﯾﺗﻣﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻊ ) ﻟﻸﺷﯾﺎء‬
Does this shirt match these trousers?
aged = at the age of
aged ‫§ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣر‬
He died, aged 40.
at the age of ‫§ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣر‬
He died at the age of 40.
retire resign
retire ( ‫§ ﯾﺣـﺎل ﻟﻠﻣﻌـﺎش ) ﯾﺗﻘـﺎﻋـد‬
When the employee is 60, he retires and can live on his pension.
resign ( ‫§ ) ﯾﺳﺗﻘﯾـل ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣـل‬
Mr Ahmed resigned his position last week.
manage to succeed in
manage to + ‫اﻟﻣﺻـدر‬ ‫§ ﯾﺗﻣﻛـن ﻣـن‬
He managed to answer the test. ( succeed )
succeed in + (v + ing) ‫§ ﯾﻧﺟـﺢ ﻓـﻰ‬
He succeeded in answering the test.

Look
look at ‫ ﯾﻧظر إﻟﻰ‬look into ‫ﯾﻣﻌن اﻟﻧظر ﻓﻰ‬
look for ‫ ﯾﺑﺣث ﻋن ﺷﺧص أو ﺷﺊ ﻣﻔﻘود‬look out ‫ﯾﺣﺗـرس‬
look up ‫ ﯾﺑﺣث ﻋن ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺗﺎب‬look up to ‫ﯾﺣﺗرم‬
look after ‫ ﯾﻌﺗﻧﻰ ﺑـ‬look forward to ‫ﯾﺗطﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ‬

Expressions

an athlete with a disability ‫رﯾﺎﺿﻲ إﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬

win a medal ‫اﻟﻔوز ﺑﻣﯾداﻟﯾﺔ‬
have (suffer from) a disability / be disabled ‫ ﻣﻌﺎق‬/ ‫)ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ( ﻣن إﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬
practice (do) (play) a sport ‫ﯾﻣﺎرس رﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬
keep (stay) (get) fit ‫ﯾﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﯾﺎﻗﺔ‬
give a talk (a speech) ( ‫ﯾﻠﻘﻰ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ) ﺧطﺎب‬
disabled people = the disabled ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻗﯾن = اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻗﯾن‬
enjoy the benefits of sports ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺑﻔواﺋد اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬
do a project on ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﻣﺷروع ﻓﻰ‬
work for a charity ‫اﻟﻌﻣل ﻣن أﺟل ﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ ﺧﯾرﯾﺔ‬
a waste of time ‫ﻣﺿﯾﻌﺔ ﻟﻠوﻗت‬
make a difference to (in) ً ‫ﯾﺣدث‬
‫ﻓرﻗﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
make a complaint ‫ﯾﻘدم ﺷﻛوى‬
come fourth ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ راﺑﻌﺎ‬
aged (at the age of) ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺳن‬- ‫ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣر‬
at a very difficult time ‫ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﺻﻌب ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬
paralympic powerlifter ‫راﻓﻊ أﺛﻘﺎل ﺑطوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﻟذوي اﻻﺣﺗﯾﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
paralympian racer ‫ﻣﺗﺳﺎﺑق ﻓﻲ أوﻟﻣﺑﯾﺎد اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻗﯾن‬
have medical conditions ‫ﻟدﯾﮭم ﺣﺎﻻت طﺑﯾﺔ‬
make a lot of noise ‫ﯾﺣدث اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﺿوﺿﺎء‬
hit the ball ‫ﯾرﻛل اﻟﻛرة‬
enter the Paralympic Games ‫دﺧول اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﺑﺎراﻟﻣﺑﯾﺔ‬
despite difficulties ‫رﻏم اﻟﺻﻌوﺑﺎت‬
take part in / share in / participate in ‫ﯾﺷﺎرك ﻓﻲ‬
take place / occur / happen / be held ‫ ﺗﻌﻘد‬/ ‫ ﯾﺣدث‬/ ‫ﺗﺣدث‬

Exercise
Choose the correct answer from:
1- The man looked ............... surprised when a little boy threw a stone at his car.
a. quit b. quiet c. quietly d. quite
2- Going to school teaches children to ................. on well with other people.
a. keep b. get c. set d. let
3- t is often completely .............................. in the desert at night. You can’t hear anything.
a. noise b. silent c. noisy d. loud
4- I don’t have much ......................... with nature .
a. connect b. communicate c. contact d. contract
5- If you don’t hurry , you will ............................ your train.
a. mess b. miss c. Miss d. lose
6- ......................... cooking , my mother swept the floor.
a. In addition b. As well c. Beside d. In addition to
7- I get on ....................... with all my colleagues.
a. well b. will c. good d. nice
8- I'm really looking forward to ......................... in my new apartment.
a. setting b. settling c. sit d. sat
9- The gentleman looked ........................... surprised.
a. quit b. quiet c. quietness d. quite
10- The discovery of DNA was a major scientific …………………… .
a. attraction b. achievement c. engagement d. attachment
11- Thousands of applicants are …………………… for the same job.
a. communicating b. commenting c. cementing d. competing
12- ……………….. are in need of the society’s help.
a. Disabled b. The disabled c. Disable people d. Disability
13- Some old people have …………….…… with seeing in the dark.
a. dignity b. polygamy c. difficulty d. amazement
14- My grandma has ……..… so much in her life. She was a doctor and had four children.
a. deceived b. believed c. appreciated d. achieved
15- Mr. Taha spent most of his ………………… as a teacher.
a. carrier b. porter c. career d. spirit
16- I saw an interesting Chinese film about some ……….……… fighters.
a. Run b. Kung Fu c. Block d. King
17- We had to drive up a …………… before we drove onto the ship.
a. rape b. rapist c. ramp d. tripe
18- Hamid won a/an ……….…. for helping out with a lot of different charities.
a. reward b. award c. inward d. ward
19- Helen Keller lived a busy life before she died …….. 87 in 1968.
a. age b. aged c. ages d. ageing
20- Winning three gold medals is a remarkable …………………..
 a. achievement b. failure c. loss d. disappointment
21- Kung Fu is a Chinese sport in which people ……..…… with feet and hands.
a. cooperate b. run c. jump d. fight
22- Mahmoud can't walk and has to use a ……………….
a. chair b. seat c. wheel d. wheelchair
23- Before the accident, Mahmoud had been a ……………… in Kung Fu.
a. crayon b. capital c. champion d. champagne
24- A coach ………..……. players of a sport to do well at it.
a. treats b. trains c. transfers d. translates
25- ……………….……., the man who won the race only has one leg.
a. Amazing b. Amazingly c. Amazed d. Amazement

26- We have to honour our great ………………… like Mahmoud Youssef.

a. athletics b. athletes c. athletic d. athletically
27- Ali wants to be able to …….…………… his own Olympic gold medal.
a. beat b. gain c. earn d. win
28- Mahmoud Youssef is a ……………. wheelchair tennis player.
a. tutor b. top c. career d. fight
29- The final match will take …………..…. in a neutral stadium.
a. part b. the place c. place d. occur
30- Technology can ……………..…… blind and deaf people's lives.
a. prove b. approve c. improve d. strove
31- He passed the exam ……………… its difficulty.
a. despite b. however c. though d. although
32- …………………., this blind man has achieved great success.
a. Credible b. In credible c. Incredible d. Incredibly
33- Mona hopes to ………………… in the next Olympic Games.
a. take b. participate c. shake d. form
34- Taha has …………………. the English exam.
a. succeeded b. successful c. passed in d. passed
35- Some people have difficulty …………………… in the dark.
a. see b. seeing c. to be seen d. seen
36- Charities help ……………… to lead a good life.
a. poor b. poverty c. the poor d. barren
37- She ………………. the admiration of many people in her battle against disability.
a. beat b. raced c. won d. gained
38- She has overcome her ………………….. to become an artist.
a. disabled b. unable c. ability d. disability
39- Ramy Ashour …………………… in many international competitions
a. completed b. competed c. complemented d. complimented
40- Mahmoud Youssef took part in many international …………….………..
a. completions b. complaints c. competitions d. compartments
41- Mohamed Salah has scored the third goal in this match. How ……………….!
a. amaze b. amazement c. amazingly d. amazing
42- Our teacher gave an illustrated …………………. on Roman architecture.
a. talkative b. taking c. talk d. talks
43- You should help other people ………………. disabilities.
a. in b. by c. at d. with
44- She is an Egyptian Paralympic power ……… athlete who won a bronze medal.
a. lifts b. lift c. lifter d. lifting
45- My neighbor had an illness ….................... Polio when he was young.
a. calls b. was called c. called d. calling
46- My brother came ………………….. in the running competition last week.
 a. four b. fourth c. the four d. for
47- The disabled are unable to walk, so they use wheelchair to get ……………..
a. a round b. round c. around d. road
48- Tonight’s programme looks back at the main ………………. of the year.
a. happenings b. events c. accidents d. incidents
49- The website has a variety of interactive exercises ………………… matching games.
a. include b. including c. consist d. consisting
50- There are several ……………………… disabled people.
a. success b. successful c. succeed d. successfully
51- Which of the ……………… achievements do you find the most important for him?
a. athlete’s b. athletes’ c. athletes d. athlete
52- I met a British ………………… wheelchair racer who has won a medal.
a. Paralympic b. Paralympics c. Paralympian d. Parallel
53- Giving up smoking had a magical …………….……on your health.
a. affect b. effect c. affection d. effective
54- Not being able to sleep at night is a very common ……………….
a. complain b. complains c. complement d. complaint
55- ……………. calm and respond quietly.
a. Make b. Give c. Remain d. Do
56- I look ……………………. to hearing from you soon.
a. forward b. foretell c. forecast d. forbid
57- What will you do if the company is not ……………….. for you?
a. suit b. match c. suits d. suitable
58- They decided …………………… a sport to keep fit.
a. practice b. practicing c. to practice d. to be practiced
59- She did not start ………………. lifting until she was 30.
a. energy b. power c. powerful d. powered
60- A charity helps people ………….. personally or from the media.
a. neither b. other c. weather d. either
61- The …………………. of something refer to successful and un successful times.
a. activist b. campaign c. ramp d. highs or lows
62- The best part of being a charity …………. is the possibility of improving things.
a. active b. activate c. activity d. activist
63- Do you think that working for a charity is a ……………of time?
a. waist b. wastes c. wasteful d. waste
64- Working for charities can really ……………. a difference in your life.
a. get b. give c. do d. make
65- My father is a ……………………. that all people like.
a. celebration b. famous c. popular d. celebrity
66- The government didn't have the ……………………………. to enforce the law.
a. experts b. problem c. muscle d. lift
67- Kyle ………………………… the door open.
a. muscled b. tossed c. threw d. blocked
68- Amanda was …………………. a T-shirt with the slogan "I'm with Stupid!"
a. sporting b. ironing c. burning d. chewing
69- Would you be a ………………… and lend me some money?
a. sport b. fort c. court d. port
70- My mother used to get really ……………….. with me when I misbehaved.
a. heavy b. navy c. save d. tyranny
71- The good news was a real ………………….. .
a. lift b. fist c. bliss d. blest
72- Women were …………………… for the right to vote.
a. campaigning b. skipping c. blaming d. flourishing
73- The company hopes to boost sales by ………………………. up its advertising.
a. ramping b. reducing c. deducing d. inducing
74- He finally met his …………………. in the tough tennis match.
a. compete b. handsome c. friend d. equal
75- Which portion would you like: the small, the ………………………. or the large?
a. medium b. middle c. score d. core
76- They made new ……………….. on the road to prevent accidents.
a. pumps b. ramps c. rocks d. rockets
77- I searched ……………………. for my glasses but couldn't find them.
a. high and down b. high and low c. high and back d. high and front

78- The company is ……………….. a campaign to promote their new product.

a. commenting b. cultivating c. conducting d. contending
79- Children from poor families are more likely to …………………… at school.
a. under b. underachieve c. under below d. beneath
80- Winning the gold medal was the ………………. achievement of her long career.
a. corn b. crone c. cunning d. crowning
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
2) Fill in the spaces:
I love sports very much. They …… (1)…… very important. I love …… (2)……football matches on
TV. I also enjoy …… (3)…… it. I think practicing sports helps to …… (4)…… bodies stronger.
As the youth are full of strength and energy, they should do …… (1)…… best to realise our hopes.
They can increase production in …… (1)…… to achieve prosperity …… (1)…… welfare to increase ……
(1)…… national income.
One of the popular operas in Egypt is Aida. It …… (1)…… written for the opening of the theatre in
Cairo in 1871. It was composed …… (2)…… the great musician Verdi. The story is …… (3)…… an
Egyptian general “Ramades” who loved the captive princess Aida. Because …… (4)…… her, he
betrayed his country.
My friend’s mother is thought to …… (1) …… bird flu. She …… (2) …… have washed her hand
after she had touched an infected bird. The doctor said she should …… (3)…… been careful enough.
He advised her to stay in bed …… (4)…… a week.
A) Translate into Arabic:
1. Science has rendered valuable services to humanity. Man has been able to reach the moon.
2. There is a branch of tourism known as eco architecture tourism ‫ اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﯾﺔ‬.Tourists live in special
resorts ‫ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﻌﺎت‬built in a primitive way, depending on using natural materials.
3. English is the most widely spoken world language in our modern age. Knowing it increases your
chances of getting a good job in a multinational company.
4. Determination, perseverance and strong will are important qualities for people so that they have the
ability to face life difficulties and challenges.
5. Our deserts are one of the main sources of our wealth. Cultivation of strategic crops for our large
population is a must.
6. We must spread love and tolerance in our society to be able to achieve progress, development,
renaissance, welfare and prosperity.
7. Organizers of international sports championships think they people be closer, spread tolerance and
mutual understanding and uproot hatred and violence.
8. Optimism and pessimism determine our success or failure. Optimism stimulate self-confidence and
good relationships and opens the way to success. Pessimism makes us uncertain of abilities,
9. our personal relationships or ourselves and blocks the way to success.
B) Translate into Arabic:
.‫ وﻟﺣل ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻹﺳﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر ھو ﺑﻧﺎء اﻟﻣدن اﻟﺟدﯾدة‬،‫§ إن أﻓﺿل دﻋوة ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻻﺳﺗﻘرار ﻟﻠوطن‬
.‫ أن ﻛل ﻓرد ﯾﺧﺗﻠف ﻋن اﻵﺧرﯾن ﻓﻲ ﻋدة ﻧواﺣﻲ‬.‫§ ﻋﻠﯾﻧﺎ أن ﻧﺗﻌﻠم ﻛﯾف ﻧﻌﯾش ﻣﻊ ﻏﯾرﻧﺎ ﻣن اﻟﻧﺎس‬
 §

Grammar

Relative Pronouns

Who – whom – which – that – whose – where - when

‫ ﻓﺎﻋل اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬+ ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر اﻟوﺻل‬+ ‫ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬+ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
. ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻟرﺑـط اﻟﺟﻣـل ﺑﺑﻌﺿﮭـﺎ وﺗﺣـل ﻣﺣـل اﻻﺳم أو اﻟﺿﻣﯾر اﻟﻣﻛـرر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾـﺔ‬
Who = that . ‫ ﺑدﻻ ﻣﻧﮭـﺎ‬that ‫§ ﺗﺣـل ﻣﺣـل ﻓﺎﻋـل ﻋﺎﻗـل وﺗوﺿـﻊ ﺑﻌـد اﻟﻔﺎﻋـل اﻟذى ﺗﺻﻔـﮫ وﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧـدام‬
Ahmed is my friend. He won the prize. ( who )
Ahmed who ( that ) won the prize is my friend.
That is the man. He helped me ‫§ ﻻﺣــظ‬
That is the man who ( that ) helped me.

Who = whom = that ‫ ﺑـدﻻ ﻣﻧﮭﻣـﺎ‬that ‫ﺗﺣـﻼن ﻣﺣـل ﻣﻔﻌـول ﻋﺎﻗـل و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌـدھﻣـﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋـل وﯾﻣﻛـن اﺳﺗﺧـدام‬
.
Ahmed is my brother. You met him yesterday. ( whom )
Ahmed whom ( who - that ) you met yesterday is my brother.
‫ﯾﻣﻛـن ﺣـذف ﺿﻣـﯾر اﻟوﺻـل إذا ﻛﺎن ﯾﺣـل ﻣﺣـل ﻣﻔﻌـول‬ ‫§ ﻻﺣــظ‬
Ahmed, you met yesterday is my brother.
That's the man. You are talking about
That's the man whom / who / that you are talking about.
That's the man you are talking about.
. who – that ‫ ﻓﻘـط وﻟﯾـس‬whom ‫ﯾﺑﻘـﻰ ﺣـرف اﻟﺟـر ﻛﻣﺎ ھـو ﺑﻌـد اﻟﻔﻌـل أو ﯾوﺿـﻊ ﻗﺑـل ﺿﻣﯾـر اﻟوﺻـل‬ ‫§ ﻻﺣــظ‬
That's the man about whom you are talking.

Which = that ‫§ ﺗﺣل ﻣﺣل اﻟﻔﺎﻋل أو اﻟﻣﻔﻌول ﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل وﺗوﺿﻊ ﻗﺑل أو ﺑﻌد اﻻﺳم اﻟذى ﺗﺻﻔﮫ وﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
‫ ﺑدﻻ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬that
The books are all mine. They are on the shelf.
The books which ( that ) are on the shelf are all mine.

I opened the window. It overlooks the garden. ( which )

I opened the window which ( that ) overlooks the garden.
The dog is mad. You killed it.
The dog which ( that ) you killed is mad. The dog, you killed is mad.
. ‫ ﻣﺣـل اﻟﻣﻔﻌـول ﻟذﻟـك ﯾﻣﻛـن ﺣذﻓـﮭﺎ‬which ‫ﺣﻠـت‬ ‫§ ﻻﺣــظ‬
He bought a new car. He made an accident with it
He bought a new car which ( that ) he made an accident with.

He bought a new car with which he made an accident.

. that ‫ ( وﻟﯾس‬which ) ‫§ ﯾﺑﻘـﻰ ﺣـرف اﻟﺟـر ﻛﻣـﺎ ھـو ﺑﻌـد اﻟﻔﻌـل أو ﯾﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻗﺑـل‬
all ‫ إذا ﺳﺑﻘﮭﺎ‬which ‫ وﻟﯾس‬that ‫§ ﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
All the books that I bought yesterday cost me 100 pounds
.‫ إذا ﺳﺑﻘﮭﺎ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺗﻔﺿﯾل ﻣن اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ و ﯾﻣﻛن ﺣذﻓﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬which ‫ وﻟﯾس‬that ‫§ ﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
This is the best film I have ever seen.
 everything – anything – much - little - no – nothing – ‫ إذا ﺳﺑﻘﮭﺎ‬which ‫ وﻟﯾس‬that ‫§ ﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
none
I will tell you everything that happened yesterday.
this ‫ إذا ﺑدأت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺑـ‬which ‫§ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
He refused to help me. This was very bad of him.
He refused to help me which was very bad of him.
Whose
my , his , her , its , your , their , our ‫' ( أو ﺻﻔـﺔ اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾـﺔ‬s ) ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻟﻠﻣﻠﻛﯾـﺔ ﻋﺎﻗـل وﻏﯾـر ﻋﺎﻗـل وﺗﺣـل ﻣﺣـل‬
That's the man His son succeeded. ( whose )
That's the man whose son succeeded.
My uncle travelled abroad. We live in his house. ( whose )
My uncle in whose house we live travelled abroad.
. ‫ ﺑـدﻻ ﻣﻧﮭـﺎ‬that ‫ ﯾﻣﻛـن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺣـرف اﻟﺟـر ﻗﺑﻠﮭـﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم‬-: ‫§ ﻻﺣــظ‬
Where = in / at which . ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻣﻛـﺎن‬
This is the house. We live in it now. ( Where )
This is the house where (in which) we live.

‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻛﺎن أذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ﻣﻔﻌوﻻ‬Where ‫ وﻟﯾس‬which ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم‬

This is the house which we have bought
When = in / on / at which . ( ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻣـﻊ اﻟزﻣـن ) اﻟوﻗـت‬
It is the month July. We go on holiday. ( when )
It's the month July when (in which) we go on holiday.

‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر اﻟزﻣﻧﻰ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻔﻌوﻻ‬when ‫ وﻟﯾس‬which ‫§ ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم‬

The summer holiday is the time which we spend in the countryside.
v.to be ‫ أو ﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول وﯾﺣذف‬v. to be ‫ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺣل ﻣﺣل اﻟﻔﺎﻋل إذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌدھﻣﺎ‬who , which ‫ﯾﻣﻛن ﺣذف‬ ‫§ ﻻﺣــظ‬
They boy who was punished yesterday got the worst marks.
The boy, punished yesterday got the worst marks.

The food which was left in the dirty container, has turned bad.
The food left in the dirty container, has turned bad.

v + ) ‫ ( وﯾﺗﺑﻘﻰ‬verb to be ) ‫إذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌدھم زﻣن ﻣﺳﺗﻣر وھﻧﺎ ﻧﺣذف اﻟﺿﻣﯾر و‬ who - which ‫§ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺣذف ﻛل ﻣن‬
(ing
The man who is standing there is my friend.
The man standing there is my friend.
‫ إذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌدھم ﻓﺎﻋل‬who – which – whom ‫§ ﯾﺗم ﺣذف ﻛل ﻣن‬
This is the man who (whom) I met.
This is the man I met.
( verb to be ) ‫ ( ﻛﻔﻌل أﺳﺎﺳﻲ وھﻧﺎ ﯾﺗم ﺣذف اﻟﺿﻣﯾر و‬verb to be ) ‫§ إذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌدھم‬
The boys who are there, can help us.
The boys there can help us.
‫§ ﻻﺣظ أن ھﻧﺎك ﻧوﻋﺎن ﻣن ﺟﻣل اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬
who / which / ‫§ اﻟﻧوع اﻷول ﯾﻌطﻲ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻋن اﻟﺷﻲء أو اﻟﺷﺧص أو اﻟﻣﻛﺎن اﻟذي ﻧﺗﺣدث ﻋﻧﮫ وﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻧوع‬
whom
.‫ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟوﺻل‬that ‫ وﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬.‫ ﻗﺑل أو ﺑﻌد ﻋﺑﺎرة اﻟوﺻل‬comma ‫§ وﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
The supermarket which I work for buys goods from Cairo.
The man that Ibrahim met at the airport was from Scotland.

‫§ واﻟﻧوع اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻘدم ﻋﺑﺎرة اﻟوﺻل ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﻋن اﻟﺷﻲء أو اﻟﺷﺧص أو اﻟﻣﻛﺎن اﻟذي ﻧﺗﺣدث ﻋﻧﮫ وﻻ ﺑد ﻣن اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻧوع‬that ‫§ اﻟوﺻل و ﻻ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
Mr. Wong, who has just arrived in Egypt, is the chief buyer for a Chinese company
The company, which is in Cairo, employs 1,000 people.
‫§ ﻻﺣــظ‬
What really ------------------ is / was that -----------
The thing that --------------- is / was that --------------
He comes late. This annoys his teacher.
What really annoys his teacher is that he comes late.
The thing that annoys his teacher is that he comes late.
( the thing which / that ) ‫( ﻛﺿﻣﯾر ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ اﻟﺷﻲء اﻟذي وﯾﺳﺑﻘﮭﺎ )ﻓﻌل( وﺗﺳﺎوي‬what ) ‫§ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬
§We’d better decide what we need to buy. (the thing which we need to buy)
Have you seen what I bought from London?

Exercise
Choose the correct answer:
1. My pen friend, ............................... lives in Sweden, is studying biology at university.
( who – that – where – when )
2. Aisha, ............................... father is a well-known doctor, is my best friend at school.
( which – whom – whose – that )
3. My brother ............................... lives in New York is going to visit us soon.
( whom – whose – where – that )
4. Fruit ............................... ripens on the tree tastes best.
( when - that – where – what )
5. Our flat, ............................... is on the fifth floor, overlooks the Nile.
( which – that – whose – where )
6. My brother went to Alexandria university, ............................... he studied architecture.
( which – when – that – where )
7. Last week, we had a meeting, ............................... we found out about next year's school trip.
( at which – for which – on which – by which )
8. She's written an article ............................... she describes the problems facing our country.
( of which – with which - in which – in where )
9. Dr. Aisha Abd El-Rahman, ............................... is better known to some people as Bint El-Shatei,
is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
( that - who – what – where )
10. Dr. Aisha used to go with her father to meetings ....................... she learned to read and write.
( at which – of which – to which – for which )
11. She went to Cairo University ............................... she studied Arabic language and literature.
( what – whose – at where – where )
12. She wrote many books and articles .................. she argued for a more positive role for women.
( with whom - in which – of what – to where )
13. Her work, ............................... had taken up much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
( which – what – where – whom )
14. Dr. Aisha, ............................... father was an important man, was born in Damietta in 1913.
( whom – that – whose – who )
15. Dr. Aisha wrote many articles ............................... she discussed women and society.
( at which - in which – of which – which )
16. Queen Victoria, ............................... was born in 1819, was educated in London alone.
( who – whose – where – when )
17. Queen Victoria, .............. died in January 1901, was queen of Britain for most of the 19th century.
( that – when - who – where )
18. Queen Victoria ,....... ruled for more than 63 years, was queen for longer than any other British ruler.
 ( who – that – which – whom )
19. Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, died in 1861, ........... Victoria always wore black clothes.
( after which – with which – by which – from which )

20. I'm hoping to study science at university, ...................... I'd like to work as a research assistant.
( which – that - after which – of which )
21. The city ............................... I was born is in the south of Egypt.
( that - in which – when – what )
22. These days, women have as good an education as men, .......................... I think is a good thing.
( that – where – whom – which )
23. Yesterday, I played a long game of tennis with my brother, ..................... made me very tired.
( when – that – which – for which )
24. The nurse, ........ responsibility is to look after young children, has worked at the hospital for ten years.
( who – whose – that – where )
25. The person ............................... does most of the cooking in our family is my mother.
( who – whose – which – where )
26. This is the bank ............................... was robbed yesterday.
( who – whose – which – where )
27. A boy ............................... sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
( who – whose – which – where )
28. The man ............................... robbed the bank had two pistols.
( who – whose – whom – that )
29. He wore a mask ............................... made him look like Mickey Mouse.
( who – whose – which – where )
30. He came with a friend ............................... waited outside in the car.
( who – whose – whom – that )
31. A castle is a place ............................... a king or queen lives.
( who – whose – which – where )
32. This is the time of the year ............................... many people suffer from hay fever.
( where – when – that - in where )
33. I cannot remember the reason ............................... he wanted us to leave.
( when – where – which - why )
34. At the zoo, there is a parrot ............................... can talk to the people.
( where – which – whom - whose )
35. I bought that scarf the summer ............................... I went cycling in Italy
( when – where – which - who )
36. That is the school …………….. I had my primary education.
( which – where – who – whom)
37. The first of October is the day …………….. I was born.
( where – when – who – whose )
38. This is Toka about …………….. I talked to you.
( whom – who - where – when)
39. All …………….. you have told me is not correct.
( which – what - where – when )
40. I’ve just finished a novel …………….. the main character is an 8-years-old boy.
( at which - in which - whose – when )
41. I met the doctor …………….. car was stolen last week.
( who – whose - where – when )
42. The king, …………….. was crowned yesterday, seems to be very strict.
( whose – who - where – when )
43. She used to go to meetings, …………. she learned to read and write.
( which – who – at which – at where )
44. She wrote many books and articles …………. she argued for a more positive role for women.
( in which – at which – on which – onto which )
45. Her work, …….. took up much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
( who – where – which – whose )
46. Alexandria, …………… is Egypt’s second biggest city, is very wonderful.
( who – which – when – where )
47. He made a bad mistake ……………… which he had to apologize.
( in – to – for – by )
48. Have you seen …………. I bought from London?
( what – when – whose – who )
49. The man ,………………..in the shop, is a thief.
( who standing – standing – is standing – which is standing )
50. This is the company …………….. exports good things.
( where – which – when – whose )
51. The people ……………. live next door are very nice.
( which – that – where – whom )
52. Solar energy is an idea ……………… time has come.
( which – whose – that – where )
53. One of my neighbours throws rubbish in the street, ………….annoys me intensely.
( that – which – where – – when )
54. He was educated at the local school, ………………he went on to Cambridge.
( after which – n which – with which – with where )
55. In 1963 we moved to Boston, ………………. my grandparents lived.
( when – which – where – whom )
56. Mohamed Nagy, …………….. is known as (Gedo) ,is a famous football.
( who – whom – whose – with whom )
57. Name the playwright …………….. plays won a lot of influential prizes.
( whose – who – where – when )
58. The youth …………..… traveled abroad could make a lot of money.
( whom – that – which – whose )
59. He is the Egyptian ………….…… has won the gold medal.
( which – whose – where – who )
60. There is a hairdresser's nearby …………… I have my hair cut.
( where – when – which – whom )
61. The man ……………..……leg was broken was taken to hospital.
( who – whom – whose – which )
62. This is the company in ………..…… he works.
( that – where – which – whose )
63. The blouse ……………………. wearing is lovely.
( Mona is – that is Mona – which is Mona – Mona )
64. Mum bought me a laptop ……………………. a very modern one.
( which – which is – that – is )
65. When he was young, he went to meetings at …………… he learned to read and write.
( what – which – where – whom )
66. I met the doctor …………… car was stolen last week.
( whom – whose – which – who )
67. That is the school in ................... I had my primary education
( when – where – whose – which )
68. I don't know with .......................... I should speak about the loan.
( who – which – whom – whose )
69. Luxor, …..……... is my hometown, has a lot of ancient monuments.
( which – that – when – where )
70. The manager, ............. secretary is seriously ill, has to type the letters by himself.
( who – whose – that – where )
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
Test 11
Vocabulary and Structure
1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- This disabled man will be in the ……………. for the rest of his life.
a. wheel b. whale c. wheelchair d. carrier
2- She has been exercising regularly to develop her back ………………...
a. castles b. masks c. mutual d. muscles
3- Blindness is a/an ……………………..
a. ability b. capacity c. disability d. dignity
4- ……………….. include running and spear throwing.
 a. Athlete b. Athletics c. Athletic d. Athletes
5- If you're unhappy with the service, you should ……………….. to the manager.
a. campaign b. complete c. compliment d. complain

6- Many Egyptian scientists have ………………. great success.

a. achieved b. done c. wounded d. ground
7- The paramedics ………………… the stretcher into the ambulance.
a. lined b. lifted c. liquid d. sanded
8- My brother competed in the last ……………………
a. Paralympian b. Paralympics c. Olympian d. Olympic
9- Bradford, ………………… is my hometown, has a lot of splendid restaurants.
a- where b- when c- that d- which
10- The woman …………….. murdered her husband was sentenced to death.
a- when b- who c- where d- which
11- My brother and I have had a phone conversation …………….. we discussed our plans.
a- in which b- to which c- with which d- on which
12- Samir’s house, …………….. had consumed all his savings ,left him with little money.
a- which b- where c- in which d- at which
13- Can you please repeat the name of the medicine …………….. you just took?
a- that b- who c- where d- when
14- Jody, …………….. lives on my street, said there was a problem with the water.
a- whom b- who c- where d- when
15- She used to go with her father to meetings …………….. she learned to read and write.
a- in which b- at which c- whom d- who
16- I don't know the man …………… I met yesterday.
a- who b- whom c- which d- whose
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
2) fill in th spaces with one word:
Computers are being used more and more in the world today. This is for the simple reason that they
are …… (1)…… efficient than human beings. They have better memories and …… (2)…… store huge
amounts …… (3)…… information. …… (4)…… fact, computers can do many of the things we do, but
faster and better.
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
(C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books
3) Read the following passage then answer the questions below:
As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was
moving unsteadily through the air. And although the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were
suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the airhostess appeared. She looked very pale, but she was
very calm. Speaking quickly, but almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and
asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines, or at least how to drive a car. After a
moment’s hesitation, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot’s cabin.
Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that were
being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to
everyone’s relief, it soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times in order to
become familiar with the controls. But the danger hadn’t yet passed. The terrible moment came when he
had to land. Following instructions, the man guided the plane towards the airfield. It shook violently as it
touched the ground, but after a long run, it stopped safely. Outside, a crowd of people who had been
watching anxiously, rushed forward to congratulate “the pilot” on
a perfect landing.
A) Choose the correct answer:
1. The passengers had fastened their seat belts -------------- they were suddenly thrown forward.
a) because b) so c) but d) although
2. The terrible moment came when he had to ----------------
 ‫‪a) land‬‬ ‫‪b) stop‬‬ ‫‪c) drive‬‬ ‫‪d) listen‬‬
‫‪3. The underlined word “it” refers to -----------------‬‬
‫‪a) the airport‬‬ ‫‪b) the car‬‬ ‫‪c) the seat‬‬ ‫‪d) the plane‬‬

‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪the man guided the plane towards ----------------- .‬‬

‫‪a) the airport‬‬ ‫‪b) the airfield‬‬ ‫‪c) the runway‬‬ ‫‪d) club‬‬
‫‪B) Answer the following questions:‬‬
‫?‪5. What made the plane move unsteadily through the air‬‬
‫?‪6. How did the hostess try to solve the problem‬‬
‫?‪7. Why did the man have to circle the airport several times‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪E- Writing‬‬
‫‪9) Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:‬‬
‫"‪"The importance of reading‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪F- Translation‬‬
‫‪10) A- Translate into Arabic:‬‬
‫‪We have to help people with disabilities to develop their skills by being flexible to them and helping‬‬
‫‪them to get involved in all social activities.‬‬

‫‪B) Translate into English:‬‬

‫§ ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻛون أھم ھدف ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠﯾم ھو ﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ ﻗدرات اﻟطﺎﻟب اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ واﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﯾﺔ‪..‬‬
‫§ اﻟﺷﺑﺎب داﺋﻣﺎ ﻣﻐرم ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻐﺎﻣرات‪.‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
 Unit 12 1st Hard work 2nd Hello English

Key Vocabulary

novel ‫رواﯾﺔ‬ gold ‫ذھب‬

confused ‫ ﻣرﺗﺑك‬- ‫ﻣﺷوش‬ unpleasant ‫ﻏﯾر ﺳﺎر‬
practice ‫ ﯾﻣﺎرس‬- ‫ﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ‬ abandon ‫ ﺗﺧﻠﻰ‬- ‫ﯾﮭﺟر‬
publish ‫ﯾﻧﺷر‬ customers ‫اﻟزﺑﺎﺋن‬
uncomfortable ‫ﻏﯾر ﻣرﯾﺢ‬ warehouse ‫ﻣﺳﺗودع‬
recommend ‫ﯾوﺻﻲ‬ local ‫ﻣﺣﻠﻲ‬
pace ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬ cloth ‫ﻗﻣﺎش‬
weaver ‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎج‬ unknown ‫ﻣﺟﮭول‬
page-turner ‫ﻣﺛﯾر ﻟﻠﻘراءة‬ respect ‫ اﺣﺗرام‬- ‫ﯾﺟﺗرم‬
mystery ‫ ﺳر‬- ‫اﻟﻐﻣوض – ﻟﻐز‬ abandoned ‫ﻣﮭﺟور‬
moral ‫ ﻋظﺔ‬- ‫أﺧﻼق‬ competition ‫ﺣل‬
plot ( ‫ﺣﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﻣوﺿوع ) دراﻣﯾﺔ‬ share ‫ﯾﺷﺎرك‬
actions ‫ أﺟراءات‬- ‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬ grade ‫درﺟﺔ‬
surprises ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺂت‬ recently ‫ ﻣؤﺧرا‬- ‫ﺣدﯾﺛﺎ‬
theme ‫ﻣوﺿوع‬ equally ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺳﺎوي‬
wonderful ‫راﺋﻊ‬ divide ‫ﯾﻘﺳم‬
relationship ‫ﺻﻠﺔ‬ ensure ‫ﯾﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن‬
cottage ‫ﻛوخ‬ legend ‫أﺳطورة‬
lonely ‫وﺣﯾد‬ puzzle ‫ﻟﻐز‬
fireplace ‫اﻟﻣدﻓﺄة‬ lady ‫ﺳﯾدة‬
happiness ‫ﺳﻌﺎدة‬ pale ‫ ﺑﺎھت‬- ‫ﺷﺎﺣب‬
empty ‫ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ‬ trust ‫ﺛﻘﺔ‬
adopt ‫ﯾﺗﺑﻧﻰ‬ traditional ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯾدي‬
care ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ provide (for) ‫ﺗوﻓر ﻟـ‬
Saqqara bird ‫طﺎﺋر ﺳﻘﺎرة‬ bury ‫ﯾدﻓن‬
community ‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ archeologists ‫ﻋﻠﻣﺎء اﻵﺛﺎر‬
treasure ‫ﻛﻧز‬ prove ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬
rather than ‫ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬ monster ‫ ﻣﺳﺦ‬- ‫وﺣش‬

Vocabulary

carpet ‫ﺳﺟﺎدة‬ countryside ‫رﯾف‬

earn ‫ﯾﻛﺳب‬ seriously ‫ﺑﺟدﯾﺔ‬
right ‫ﺣق‬ solve ‫ﺣل‬
village ‫ﻗرﯾﺔ‬ stones ‫اﻟﺣﺟﺎرة‬
offer ‫ ﯾﻌرض‬- ‫ﻋرض‬ hide ‫ إﺧﻔﺎء‬- ‫ﯾﺧﻔﻰ‬
join ‫ﯾﻧﺿم‬ island ‫ﺟزﯾرة‬
possibility ‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ watch ‫ ﯾراﻗب‬- ‫ﯾﺷﺎھد‬
writer ‫ﻛﺎﺗب‬ early years ‫اﻟﺳﻧوات اﻟﻣﺑﻛرة‬
whole ‫ ﻛﺎﻣل‬- ‫ﻛل‬ manage ‫ ﯾدﯾر‬- ‫ﯾﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ‬
happiness ‫ﺳﻌﺎدة‬ look like ‫ ﯾﺑدو ﻣﺛل‬- ‫ﯾﺷﺑﮫ‬
impossible ‫ ﻏﯾر ﻣﻣﻛن‬- ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣﯾل‬ modern ‫ ﻋﺻري‬- ‫ﺣدﯾث‬
fishermen ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎدﯾن‬ change ‫ ﯾﺗﻐﯾر‬- ‫ﯾﻐﯾر‬
get married ‫ﯾﺗزوج‬ strange ‫ﻏرﯾب‬
machines ‫آﻻت‬ review ‫ﻣراﺟﻌﺔ – ﻣﻘﺎل ﻧﻘدى‬
was gone ‫ ﻟﻘد اﺧﺗﻔﻰ‬- ‫ﻟﻘد ذھب‬ structure ‫ﺑﻧﺎء‬
a bag of ‫ﻛﯾس ﻣن‬ describe ‫ﯾﺻف‬
realize ‫ﺗدرك‬ description ‫وﺻف‬
take place ‫ﯾﺣدث‬ time = era ‫اﻟوﻗت = اﻟﻌﺻر‬
accident ‫ﺣﺎدث‬ north ‫ﺷﻣﺎل‬
stay up ‫ ﯾﺑق ﻣﺳﺗﯾﻘظﺎ‬- ‫ﯾﺳﮭر‬ distant ‫ﺑﻌﯾد‬
instead ‫ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬ Pirate ‫اﻟﻘرﺻﺎن‬
steal ‫ ﺳرﻗﺔ‬- ‫ﯾﺳرق‬ absent ‫ﻏﺎﺋب‬
cafeteria ‫ﻛﺎﻓﯾﺗﯾرﯾﺎ‬ shape ‫ﺷﻛل‬
pharaohs ‫اﻟﻔراﻋﻧﺔ‬ souvenir ‫ھدﯾﺔ ﺗذﻛﺎرﯾﺔ‬

Translation Words
a historic right ‫ﺣق ﺗﺎرﯾﺧﻲ‬ apparent contradiction ‫ﺗﻧﺎﻗض واﺿﺢ‬
irrigation ‫اﻟري‬ adequate water supplies ‫إﻣدادات ﻛﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣﯾﺎه‬
traditional share ‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ اﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾدﯾﺔ‬ the Nile Basin countries ‫دول ﺣوض اﻟﻧﯾل‬
water-sharing agreement ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯾﺔ ﻻﻗﺗﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﯾﺎه‬ exclude ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺛﻧﻲ‬/ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺑﻌد‬
the upstream countries ‫دول اﻟﻣﻧﺑﻊ‬ by peaceful means ‫ﺑﺎﻟوﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﺳﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬
the downstream countries ‫دول اﻟﻣﺻب‬ by diplomatic means ‫ﺑﺎﻟوﺳﺎﺋل اﻟدﺑﻠوﻣﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬
a matter of life and death ‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ ﺣﯾﺎة أو ﻣوت‬ solar system ‫اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﺷﻣﺳﻲ‬
desertification ‫اﻟﺗﺻﺣــر‬ food shortage ‫ﻧﻘص اﻟﻐذاء‬

Reading

Silas Marner
Silas Marner is a weaver who lives in the village of Raveloe in England. The other people in the
village aren’t very friendly to Silas because he’s new to the village and he lives alone. Fifteen years
earlier, Silas had been engaged to be married to a girl called Sarah. One day, while Silas was taking
care of a friend who was sick, a bag of money disappeared from under the friend’s bed. A man called
William Dane finds the empty bag and Silas’s friends decide that he is guilty of stealing the money.
Later, William marries Sarah instead, and Silas decides to move to the village of Raveloe.
The only thing he cares about is his work as a weaver. All Silas wants to do is work as hard as
he can to earn as much money as he can. The richest man in Raveloe, Squire Cass, has two sons:
Dunstan and Godfrey. The two sons have their own problems which they hide from their father and
they always want to have more money. One night, a bag of gold is stolen from Silas’s house and the
whole village joins in to look for it. The local people feel sorry for him and are more friendly to him.
Silas is angry and wants to solve the mystery.
One evening, Silas returns to his cottage and finds a small girl sleeping near the fireplace. The
girl is cold and hungry. Silas thinks something must have happened to her parents. They might have
had an accident. He decides to look after her. He calls her Eppie. The other people in the village are
surprised, but they think that Silas can’t be a bad person because he wants to look after the girl. They
also help him.
Silas is now happier. He realises that his new daughter is more important to him than gold. When
Eppie is eighteen, Silas’s gold is found and returned to him. It was Dunstan who took the money all
those years ago because he did not want to ask his father for money. Godfrey is sorry about what his
brother did and thinks Silas must be angry with him. He and his wife offer to look after Eppie.
However, Eppie wants to stay with Silas.
Silas decides to return to his old village with Eppie. He wants to prove that he wasn’t guilty of
stealing all those years earlier. When he arrives, he finds that everything has changed and he can’t
find anyone that he used to know. Silas feels that he can now forget about this unpleasant part of his
history and he returns happily to Raveloe.
 smail
I had to read Silas Marner when I was at school and I didn’t enjoy it very much then. However,
I’ve just finished reading it again and I liked it a lot more. It’s a long book, although it isn’t as long as
Eliot’s other books. The pace was quite fast and the plot is full of surprises. I couldn’t stop reading
because I really wanted to know what was going to happen to these wonderful characters. I would
recommend this book to anyone who enjoys mystery stories.
Nadia
This is a very interesting story of a sad and lonely man who finds happiness when he adopts a
girl. It isn’t a page-turner, but I liked the way Eliot used the theme of community. She shows us how
some people, like Silas, can feel like they don’t belong to their community but events can bring them
back into it. However, I think the novel is too long. The story of Silas Marner might have worked better
as a short story rather than a novel.

Definitions

disappear ‫ﯾﺧﺗﻔﻰ‬ to become impossible to find.

guilty ‫ﻣذﻧب‬ a person who did something bad.
mystery ‫ ﺳر‬- ‫اﻟﻐﻣوض – ﻟﻐز‬ something unknown.
solve ‫ﯾﺣل‬ to find the answer.
engaged ‫ﻣﺧطوﺑﺔ‬ to be in a relationship to get married.
weaver ‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎج‬ a person who makes cloth.
pace ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬ how fast the story moves.
page-turner ‫ﻣﺛﯾر ﻟﻠﻘراءة‬ a book which is very exciting.
plot ‫ﺣﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﻣوﺿوع ) دراﻣﯾ ﺔ‬ the story of a book.
theme ‫(ﻣوﺿوع‬ the idea or moral

Language Notes
hard hardly
hard (adj.) ‫§ ﻛﺻﻔــﺔ‬
Iron is a hard material. ‫§ ﺻﻠب‬
There were a lot of hard questions in the exam. ‫§ ﺻﻌب‬
He is a hard student. ‫§ ﻧﺷﯾط‬
hard (adv.) ( ‫§ ﺑﺎﺟﺗﮭﺎد ) ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻟﺗﺻف اﻟﻔﻌل‬
He studied hard. She works hard.
hardly (adv.) almost no ( ‫ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ) ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﻔﻰ‬/ ‫§ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎد‬
ever / any ‫ أو ﯾﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬can / could ‫§ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ و ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﯾﺳﺑﻘﮭﺎ‬
I could hardly hear her at the back.
We hardly ever go to concerts.
I have hardly any money left.
alone lonely
alone ( ‫§ ﺑﻣﻔرده ) ﺷـﺊ ﻣـﺎدى‬
He carried the stone alone.
lonely ( ‫§ وﺣﯾدا ) ﯾﺷﻌـر ﺑﺎﻟوﺣـدة ( ) ﺷـﺊ ﻣﻌﻧـوى‬
Despite his friends, he feels lonely.
find found
find / found / found ‫§ ﯾﺟـد‬
Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease.
found / founded / founded ‫§ ﯾؤﺳس‬
The town was founded by English settlers.
 steal rob
steal ‫§ ﯾﺳـرق ﺷـﺊ‬
A thief stole my bag. The thief stole my money.
rob ‫§ ﯾﺳـرق ﻣﻛـﺎن‬
A gang robbed the bank yesterday.
rob somebody of something ‫§ ﯾﺳﻠب ﺷـﺊ ﻣـن ﺷﺧـص‬
They robbed him of his money.
work job career profession
work ( ‫§ ﻋﻣـل ـ ﻣﻛـﺎن اﻟﻌﻣـل ) اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ( ـ ﯾﻌﻣل ـ ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺷﻐﯾل ) آﻟﺔ ﻣﺛﻼ‬
I have got a lot of work to do. Mr Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
Do you know how to work. = (operate) this coffee machine?
:‫ ﯾﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻌﻧﺎھﺎ ﻣؤﻟﻔﺎت أو أﻋﻣﺎل ﻓﻧﯾﺔ أو أدﺑﯾﺔ أو ھﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬work ‫ﻣﻌت ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬
َ ُ‫§ اذا ﺟ‬
a work of art works of art
job ‫§ وظﯾﻔﺔ ـ ﻣﮭﻧـﮫ ) اﺳم ﯾﻌـد ( و ﺗﺷﯾر إﻟﻲ ﻋﻣل ﻣﻧﺗظم ﯾﻘوم ﺑﮫ اﻟﺷﺧص ﻟﻛﺳب اﻟﻣﺎل‬
He has got a job as a teacher. I have got a lot of jobs to do.
other than rather than otherwise
other than = except ‫§ ﻣﺎ ﻋدا‬
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
rather than = in preference to / instead of ‫§ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن ـ ﻣﻔﺿﻼ ﺷﻲء ﻋﻠﻲ آﺧر‬
I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
otherwise = except ‫§ وإﻻ‬
You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus.
adapt adopt adept
adapt ‫§ ﯾﺗﻛﯾــف ﻣــﻊ‬
Old people find it difficult to adapt to life in a foreign country
adopt ‫§ ﯾﺗﺑــﻧﻰ‬
The police are adopting more merciful methods.
adept ‫§ ﻣﺎھـر‬
He is very adept at driving a car.
sleep sleepy asleep fast asleep sleeping
sleep ‫§ ﯾﻧﺎم‬
I always sleep at 12 at night.
sleepy ‫§ ﯾﻐﻠﺑﮫ اﻟﻧوم ـ ﻣﻧﻌوس‬
While I was watching the film, I felt sleepy.
asleep ‫§ ﻧﺎﺋـــم‬
The baby is asleep.
fast asleep ‫§ ﻣﺳﺗﻐرق ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧوم‬
He is fast asleep, He doesn't move.
sleeping ‫§ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﻐﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬
The train has sleeping rooms / carriages.
work
work on (something) ‫ﯾﺻﻧـﻊ أو ﯾﺻﻠـﺢ أو ﯾﺣﺳـن اﻟﺷـﺊ‬ work up ‫ﯾﺣﺳـن أو ﯾطـور أو ﯾﻧﻣـﻰ‬
work on (someone) ‫ﯾﺣﺎول أن ﯾﻘﻧـﻊ اﻟﺷﺧـص‬ work ( himself ) up ‫ﯾﺗﺿـﺎﯾق أو ﯾﻐﺿـب ﻣـن ﺷـﺊ‬
work in \ into ‫ﯾﻣـزج‬ work for ‫ﯾﻌﻣـل ﻟﺣﺳـﺎب‬
work out ‫ ﯾﺗدرب ﺑﺎﻧﺗظـﺎم‬- ‫ ﯾﺣﺳـب‬- ‫ﯾﺣل‬ work in someone's ‫ ﯾﻔﯾـد‬- ‫ﯾﻌﻣـل ﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣـﮫ‬
favour
 Prepositions
take care of ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻧﻲ ﺑـ‬ happen to ‫ ﯾﺣدث ﻟـ‬- ‫ﯾﺣﺻل ﻟـ‬
married to ‫ﻣﺗزوج ﻣن‬ run away ‫ﯾﮭرب‬
guilty of ‫ﻣذﻧب ﺑـ‬ look after ‫ ﯾراﻋﻲ‬- ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻧﻰ ﺑـ‬
care about ‫ ﯾﮭﺗم ﺑـ‬- ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻧﻲ ﺑـ‬ full of ‫ﻣﻠﻲء ﺑـ‬
compared to ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑـ‬ on a farm ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣزرﻋﺔ‬
return to ‫اﻟﻌودة إﻟﻰ‬ come from ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣن‬
sorry about ‫آﺳف ﻋﻠﻰ‬ for a holiday ‫ﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻋطﻠﺔ‬
bring back ‫ﯾﺳﺗر د‬ on the coast ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺣل‬
part of ‫ﺟزء ﻣن‬ die in ‫ﯾﻣوت ﻓﻲ‬
manage to ‫ﯾﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن‬ in the north of ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷﻣﺎل‬

Expressions
make cloth ‫ﯾﺻﻧﻊ ﻗﻣﺎش‬ adopt a girl ‫ﺗﺑﻧﻲ ﻓﺗﺎة‬
solve a mystery ‫ﺣل اﻟﻠﻐز‬ work better as ‫اﻟﻌﻣل ﺑﺷﻛل أﻓﺿل ﻛـ‬
live alone ‫ﻋش ﻟوﺣدك‬ got engaged ‫ارﺗﺑطت‬
have an accident ‫ﯾﺗﻌرض ﻟﺣﺎدث‬ was made by ‫ﺻﻧﻊ ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬
earn money ‫ﯾﻛﺗﺳب ﻧﻘود‬ see the world outside ‫ﯾرى اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧﺎرج‬
get a good grade ‫اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺟﯾدة‬ lived lonely lives ‫ﻋﺎش ﺣﯾﺎة ﻣﻧﻌزﻟﺔ‬
feel sorry for ‫ﯾﺷﻌر ﻟﻼﺳف ﻣن اﺟل‬ avoid people ‫ﺗﺟﻧباﻟﻧﺎس‬
‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺟﻧب‬
feel confused ‫ﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﺎﻻرﺗﺑﺎك‬ go wrong ‫ﺧﺎطﺊ‬
looks pale and thin ‫ﺗﺑدو ﺷﺎﺣﺑﺔ ورﻗﯾﻘﺔ‬ die in around ‫ﯾﻣوت ﻓﻲ ﺣواﻟﻰ‬
do a lot of practice ‫ﯾﺗدرب ﻛﺛﯾرا‬ where Cleopatra lies ‫ﺣﯾث ﺗرﻗد ﻛﻠﯾوﺑﺎﺗرا‬
finish reading ‫اﻻﻧﺗﮭﺎء ﻣن اﻟﻘراءة‬ since that time ‫ﻣﻧذ ذﻟك اﻟوﻗت‬
enjoy mystery stories ‫اﺳﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺑﻘﺻص اﻟﻐﻣوض‬ take photos of a distant ‫اﻟﺗﻘﺎط ﺻور ذات ﺷﻛل‬
ape ‫ﺑﻌﯾد‬
Exercise
Choose the correct answer:
1. The book's ……………………….. is the conflict between love and duty.
a. owner b. theme c. buyer d. page
2. The ………… was so complicated that I was totally confused by the time I was two chapters in.
a. happiness b. evil c. offer d. plot
3. There are obvious benefits in allowing each student to go at his own …………………….
a. property b. mind c. pace d. care
4. Ahmed was a/an …………………in the linen factory of his uncle.
a. imitator b. weaver c. inventor d. server
5. You'll be glad to hear that Ralph and I, with my father's consent, are …………. to be married.
a. engaged b. linked c. hacked d. connected
6. At last astronomers have ……… the mystery of the rings encircling the planet Saturn.
a. mended b. solved c. repaired d. clued
7. No one has ever been able to explain the ……………….. of the Bermuda Triangle.
a. secretive b. mysterious c. mystery d. secretly
8. I felt so ……………, do you see, yet I felt so angry with myself for feeling that way.
a. delighted b. surprised c. guilty d. glad
9. Drugs won't make the pain ……………… altogether, but they will help.
a. appear b. disappear c. appearance d. disappearance
10. “I've had a remarkable life”,' says the 60-year-old author, who has ………. 35 books.
a. discovered b. published c. found d. activated
11. ………………… between people of different cultures are often extremely difficult.
a. Contents b. Connectors c. Relationships d. Ropes
12. We must put more money into the sport if we want to create the tennis …………of the future.
a. beasts b. legends c. boastful d. flourish
13. We ………………… the pizza into three and had a slice each.
a. distributed b. separated c. differentiate d. divided
14. "He's only fourteen." "I know, but I think we can ………. him to look after the baby for an hour."
a. hate b. trust c. haste d. blame
15. The university should provide more facilities ……………….. disabled students.
a. for b. in c. at d. with
16. People may …………….. painful childhood memories to protect themselves.
a. announce b. bury c. advertise d. magnify
17. Four other ……… children whose final days were not as comfortable were buried that same day.
a. written b. abandoned c. oral d. angry
18. All the necessary steps had been taken to …………………… their safety.
a. endanger b. economize c. ensure d. rationalize
19. I had an ……………….. feeling that someone was following me.
a. unpleasant b. ugliness c. united d. used
20. Every time someone tries to explain the Internet to me, I get even more ………..
a. confuse b. confused c. confusing d. confusion
21. Don't trust anyone who turns up at your door, unless they can ………… who they are.
a. improve b. prove c. approve d. disapprove
22. Mazin was pleased and invited Omar to his …………….. for tea.
a. college b. bank c. cottage d. kindergarten
23. I strongly ………….. that you get your brakes checked before you go on a long drive.
a. ascend b. bury c. recommend d. advice
24. I have my own room, but we …………….. the kitchen and bathroom.
a. contribute b. sell c. grant d. share
25. Mona got on well with the other student, and felt that without her she might be ………
a. line b. lonely c. lone d. loneliness
26. The company is managed according to strict ………….. and ethical principles.
a. coral b. moral c. floral d. immoral
27. Did you see the fish Dad caught? It was a ……………………!
a. cake b. monster c. dead d. make
28. His critics objected to the way he broke many of the …………… rules of art.
a. traditional b. local c. mystery d. secret
29. …………..than go straight on to university, why not get some work experience first?
a. Rather b. More c. Or d. Quite
30. If you're ……………… more than five times, you fail the course.
a. attendant b. wasteful c. compared d. absent
31. Mom and I are a lot ……………….. now than we were when I was a teenager.
a. closed b. closer c. closing d. open
32. Extensive …………… have documented the availability of coal in the United States.
a. compositions b. novels c. stories d. reviews
33. Life is good these days ……………………….. to the past.
a. comparison b. compared c. compare d. comparing
34. I …………………. care of my mother in the final months of her life.
a. took b. did c. conducted d. carried
35. Many experts …………………… about the issue of global warming.
a. care b. concentrate c. recommend d. blend
36. A tropical bird builds large nests by …………….. sticks and pieces of grass together.
a. weaver b. weaving c. waving d. wife
37. She is …………………….. sorry for what she has done.
a. depth b. deepen c. deeply d. deeper
38. She spent less time …………………. about this matter.
a. think b. thinking c. thought d. to think
39. A page-……………………….. is a type of book which is very exciting.
a. turn b. turning c. turned d. turner
40. He had deliberately ……………………….. the illness from his boss.
a. hide b. hid c. hidden d. hiding
41. It's important to ……………... everyone around you.
a. respect b. respected c. respectable d. respecting
42. Allow the dough to ………………... for two hours before shaping it into a loaf.
a. prove b. proof c. loaf d. hoof
43. The writer ………………….. his first novel when he was 16.
a. spoiled b. plotted c. established d. built
44. Do you like the movie's ………………………… song?
a. frame b. blue c. bleeding d. theme
45. The way those children treat their parents is a ………………..
a. rhyme b. crime c. present d. gift
46. I won't …………… this project; I plan to see it through to the end.
a. remain b. foretell c. abandon d. plan
47. The hungry diners tucked into the meal with …………………. .
a. keep b. hunger c. abandon d. distribute
48. A horse has four ............................. - walk, trot, canter and gallop.
a. engines b. wheels c. paces d. faces
49. Sara isn’t hungry. She is …………………............... .
a. punctual b. caring c. full d. bored
50. The ……..…….. between the educated and the uneducated is becoming wider.
a. divide b. break c. friendship d. blackened
51. Ali was trying to phone his mother, but the line was …………………………….
a. engaged b. broken c. taken d. lengthened
52. I'm reading a ……………….. with a detective as the main character.
a. monster b. monastery c. mystery d. miracle
53. Poachers are killing so many rhinos that they could …………………. altogether.
a. appear b. disappear c. ignore d. steer
54. The young woman asked the hairdresser for a …………….. to wear on her head.
a. wave b. weave c. wire d. wrinkle
55. Salah has great ………… as a football player and the determination that you need to succeed.
a. skill b. skull c. skell d. a skill
56. I began to realize that there was no ……………… for me in life.
a. wasteless b. happiness c. careless d. peerless
57. The next election in my village will take ……………………. on April 6th.
a. place b. part c. a part d. a place
58. Stop feeling sorry ………………... yourself and think about other people for a change.
a. to b. for c. in d. on
59. He felt a lot of ……………… over hurting his brother.
a. guilty b. guilt c. guiltless d. guiltier
60. I thanked him for ……………… the mystery to me.
a. explaining b. exploring c. complaining d. carving
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Fill in the gaps:
1) TV programmes are sometimes harmful. …… (1)…… my opinion, some TV programmes have a
bad effect …… (2)…… teenagers. Some advertisements, …… (3) …… as those about smoking ……
(4)…… affect young people badly.
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
2) I have just phoned my brother but he isn’t answering. He …… (1)…… be sleeping. He usually
sleeps late. He …… (2) …… have forgotten his phone at home, but I’m not sure of that. That’s if he got
up early. I guess he might …… (3)…… busy doing something in the garden. I …… (4)…… probably try
to call him later.
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A) Translate into Arabic:
1. Through the use of technology, we can get a solution to most of our social, economic and environmental
problems.
2. Reading good books is very important for our minds as it widens horizons and makes readers enter
new worlds.
3. Egypt has always been called the "Birthplace of civilization" because of its long and rich history and
great importance.
4. Scientists have found fossils of the bones of huge animals called dinosaurs. These animals are now extinct.

B) Translate into English:

.‫§ اﻟﺻﺣﺑﺔ اﻟﺟﯾدة ﺗﻘﻲ اﻟﻔرد ﺿد اﻻﻧﺣراف‬
.‫§ ـ ﻋﻠﯾﻧﺎ ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ ﻣﺳﺎﻋده اﻟﯾﺗﺎﻣﻰ واﻟﻔﻘراء‬
 Grammar

Certainty – Deduction ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻛـﺪ ـ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬

with Present Past

I'm sure must + ‫ﻣﺼـﺪﺭ‬ must have + pp
I'm certain
I think He must be a teacher. ‫ﺷﺒــــﻪ‬ He must have been a teacher.
certainly
‫ﺗــﺄﻛـــﺪ‬
I believe I'm sure he is a doctor. I think he recorded the song.
I imagine He must be a doctor. He must have recorded the song.
can't + ‫ﻣﺼـﺪﺭ‬ can't have + pp
He can't be a teacher. He can't have been a teacher.
I'm sure, he isn't the killer. ‫ﻟﻠﻨـﻔــﻰ‬ I think he didn't go to the country.
He can't be the killer. He can't have gone to the country.
not sure may + ‫ﻣﺼـﺪﺭ‬ may have + pp
not certain He may be a teacher. ‫ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬He may have been a teacher.
perhaps It's probable he arrives early. Perhaps she phoned me.
‫ﻋـــــﺪﻡ‬
Probable He may arrive early. She may have phoned me.
‫ﺗــﺄﻛـــﺪ‬
likely
very not sure might + ‫ﻣﺼـﺪﺭ‬ might have + pp
very not certain He might be a teacher. ‫ﻋـــــﺪﻡ‬ He might have been a teacher.
it is possible It's possible he will come. ‫ﺗــﺄﻛـــﺪ‬ I don't think they went out.
I don't think so He might come. They might have gone out.
I don't believe ‫ﻣﻄـﻠـﻖ‬

Exercise
Choose the correct answer
1- He ………………. ill. He eats like a horse.
( must be – can't be – won't be – must have been )
2- He ………………. taken the early train. I'm really not sure.
( will have – must have - could have – need to have )
3- You ……………… take any pictures here. The sign over there says, "No Photographing."
( can – may not – should – can't )
4- She ………………. to explain things clearly.
( is capable – has the ability – can – could )
5- The rain …………………. have stopped by now. I'm not sure.
( might - must – shall – need )
6- Accidents …………………. happen if there are too many cars in city centers.
( shall – mustn't – can – could have )
7- I don't know where my bag is. I ………………… have left it on the train.
( might – can't – should – can )
8- Hesham didn't take his keys , he …………………… have seen them.
( must – can – can't – may )
9- I have just seen Ali at the club .He …………………….. be at home.
( must – can't – may – mustn't )
10- This is not Ayman's house .You …………………… be mistaken.
( can't – must – may – might )
11- He didn't wave back to me. He ………………… seen me.
( must have – can't have – may have – may have )
12- They have just told him of his success . He …………………… be sad.
( may – might – must – can't )
13- I am not sure what my son is doing. he ………………… be watching TV .
( must – may – might – can't )
14- It is moving by itself. It …………………… be a rock.
( must – may – might – can't )
15- You ………………. my mobile. I didn't mind at all.
( may use – must use – can't have used – could have used )
16- He is smiling , he …………………. be happy.
( must – may – might – can't )
17- I don't know the reason for his sadness. He ……………… some bad news.
( must have heard – may have heard – could hear – can't have heard )
18- The man ………………… by the thief, I am sure.
( must have killed – must have been killed – might have killed – may have killed )
19- The criminal ………………… have escaped through that well-locked door.
(could – couldn't –must – may)
20- He …………………. because I was at home all day.
( must telephone – can't telephone – must have telephoned – can't have telephoned )
21- He …………………. missed his train. He's usually late.
( must have – can't have – didn't have – can have )
22- His watch …………………. cost a lot of money. It's made of plastic.
( must have – might have – could have – can't have )
23- It …………………. been very windy during the night. There are branches all over the ground.
( can't have – will have – must have – didn't have )
24- Tunnelling under the Nile …………………. been easy. I'm sure it was difficult.
( must have – may have – can't have – might have )
25- My father …………………. walked to work this morning. His car is still in the garage.
( didn't have – won't have – shall have – must have )
26- He can't walk. He …………………. be ill.
( must – mustn't – shouldn't – won't )
27- He spends so much money. He …………………. be rich.
( can't – shouldn't – must – won't )
28- You …………… finished that book already. You bought it only yesterday and it is very long.
( can't have – must have – should have – will have )
29- A: I don't know where my school bag is, Mum? B: It's not here. You ……. have left it on the train.
(mustn't – can't – might – won't)
30- A: Look, Hesham's keys are on the table. B: He ………… seen them when he left this morning.
( must have - can't have – might have – may have )
31- A: I rang you this morning, but you didn't answer. B: Sorry, I …………. have been asleep.
( can't – might not – may not – must )
32- A: He's only been in the laboratory for ten minutes. B: Surely he ………………. have finished the
experiment already.
( must – can't – might – may )
33- A: Ali fell off his bike this morning. Do you know if he's OK? B: His mother says he
…………………. have broken his arm.
( might – will – can – didn't )
34- He …………………. been injured. There was blood on his face.
( can't have – mustn't have – must have – should have )
35- The streets are wet. It …………………. last night.
( must rain – can't rain – must have rained – should have rained )
36- …………… you buy me some stamps, please?
( May – Might – Should – Can )
37- I …………….. find my keys this morning so I got into the house through the window.
( shouldn't – can't - couldn't – might not )
38- He …………….. British. He speaks English fluently.
( must be – can't be – won't be – must have been )
39- He ……………. ill. He eats like a horse.
( must be – can't be – won't be – must have been )
40- He …………… taken the early train. I'm really not sure.
( will have – must have - could have – need to have )
41- You ……………… take any pictures here. The sign over there says, "No Photographing."
( can – may not – should – can't )
42- She ……………. to explain things clearly.
( is capable – has the ability – can – could )
43- The rain ………………. have stopped by now. I'm not sure.
( might - must – shall – need )
44- Accidents ……………. happen if there are too many cars in city centers.
( shall – mustn't – can – could have )
45- I ……………………….. see well without my glasses.
( can't – mustn't – needn't – shouldn't )
46- In my country, you ………………… go on public roads until you are 18 even if you can drive.
( must – may – can't – ought )
47- A hundred years ago, many people …………………….. read or write.
( can't – shouldn't – won't – couldn't )
48- You …………………. borrow my car tomorrow as long as you drive carefully.
( ought to – might not – can – won't )
49- There are cars which ……………………. use electricity.
( may have – can't have – can – need )
50- He ……………. have known about your illness. Nobody told him about it.
( must – can’t – needn’t – mustn’t )
51- The policeman told her to turn right and she turned left. She ………have understood him.
( must – may – can’t – could )
52- It …………………… be a bird. You must be mistaken.
( may – might – can’t – must )
53- When he worked up he didn’t find his watch. Someone …………have stolen it.
( must – can’t – should – mustn’t )
54- My father ……………. go to USA next summer. He hasn't decided yet.
( must – might – need – should )
55- I cannot find my handbag. Someone ……….................. it by mistake.
( must take – cannot take – must have taken – cannot have taken )
56- Nothing is kept in the fridge. He .................... have eaten all the food.
( can’t – must – might – may )
57- Ahmed isn’t here. He …………… have gone home to study for the next test.
( must – can – ought – would )
58- He was rewarded. He …………….……… have worked hard.
( must – can’t – should – mustn’t )
59- Samir didn't take his keys, he ………….. have seen them.
( must – can – can't – may )
60- She is eating a lot. She ………………………. be hungry.
( should – must – might not – can’t )
61- He hasn’t arrived yet. Someone …………………….. have delayed him.
( can’t – can – must – mustn’t )
62- Mona is laughing loudly. She ……………………. be happy.
( should – ought to – must – had better )
63- You …………………….. thirsty. You didn’t leave any water in the bottle.
( must have been – must have – can’t have – can’t have been )
64- After the exam, he looked very sad. He ……………….. have answered badly.
( should – must – would – could )
65- Ali ………………….. have stopped smoking. I’m sure of that.
( may – might – could – must )
66- He seems happy. He can’t ……………………………….. the game.
( have been won – have won – have lost – have been lost )
67- Perhaps Salwa has missed the bus. She ………………… have missed it.
( must – might – will – should )
68- He ……….. the train because he was at the station half an hour before the train left.
( must have missed – can’t miss – must miss – can’t have missed )
69- Climbing mountains ……………. difficult because of lack of oxygen at tops.
( must be – must have – can’t be – can’t have )
70- He is honest. He ………………… stolen your money.
( must have been – must have – can’t have – can’t have been )
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Test 12
Vocabulary and Structure
1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. When I returned home, I found that all my money had ………………….
a. disappeared b. hidden c. widened d. narrowed
2. He was set free because he was found not …………………..
a. guilt b. innocent c. guilty d. innocence
3. Twenty years after the event, his death remains a ………………….
a. mystery b. pastry c. monastery d. dentistry
4. I asked the ……………… to make a new scarf for me.
a. weaver b. wave c. weave d. waver
5. The book's ………. revolves around a woman who is searching for her missing sister.
a. plate b. pot c. pit d. plot
6. Oliver Twist is the main ……………….. in this novel.
a. character b. caricature c. personality d. personnel
7. This novel is a great page-……………….
a. wonderful b. turner c. tune d. tuner
8. The pace of the novel is ……………… fast.
a. quite b. quiet c. quit d. quietly
9. There was nobody when I phoned. They …………………… gone out.
a- can't have b- must have c- needn't have d- will have
10. They ………………………… sold their old car. We can't be sure.
a- might have b- must have c- should have d- will have
11. …………… you buy me some stamps, please?
a- May b- Might c- Should d- Can
12. I …………….. find my keys this morning so I got into the house through the window.
a- shouldn't b- can't c- couldn't d- might not
13. He …………….. British. He speaks English fluently.
a- must be b- can't be c- won't be d- must have been
14. I have lost one of my gloves, I must ……………… it somewhere.
a- drop b- have dropped c- dropping d- drops
15. There is plenty of food in the world. We ……………….. feed everyone.
a- can b- won't c- have d- should have
16. He ……………………. gone to the cinema, but he preferred to watch a film on TV.
 a- could have b- may have c- needn't have d- won't have
2) Fill in the gaps:
Violence is one of the worst things. It is …… (1) …… someone attacks someone else, often to get
them …… (2) …… do something they do not want to do by making them feel pain or fear. Violence can
mean anything from one person hitting another to a war between many countries …… (3) …… causes
millions of deaths. Different people may see different acts as violent. Laws …… (4) …… created often
to control violence.
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(C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books
3) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
The most serious of all problems, which affect us at the moment, is the increasing number of people
who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to
support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate. In an early survey conducted in
1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the population exceeds seven billion and is
growing fast. Even though the rate of growth has begun to slow down, most experts believe the
population size will still pass eight billion during the next 50 years. This huge increase in population is
really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as "Death Control"
which recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people
who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases.
Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and sanitation, as
well as the control of these deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die.
This represents a tremendous achievement for our species. Man is constantly destroying the very
resources, which keep him alive. He is destroying the balance of nature, which regulates climate and the
atmosphere. Man is responsible for many disasters such as wars and pollution. It is everybody's duty to
safeguard the future of mankind - not only through population control, but by being more aware of the
effect their actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed;
on the other hand, it can so easily destroy its most aggressive enemy: mankind.

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- According to passage, the main cause for death control is …………………………..
a. less wars between countries b. less natural disasters
c. more hospitals and doctors d. better control of fatal diseases
2- The underlined word "it" refers to ……………………………..
a. birth b. death c. enemy d. population
3- According to the text, ………………………………..
a. man can destroy and beat nature. b. nature can destroy mankind completely.
c. mankind and nature can't harm each other. d. mankind is the best enemy of nature.
4- ……………………….. can help overcome the problem of overpopulation.
a. Birth control b. Death control c. Nature d. Farming methods
B. Answer the following questions:
5- Do you think the population of the world will increase or decrease in the future? Why?
6- What do you suggest to safeguard the future of mankind?
7- Which is stronger do you think, man or nature? Why?
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Writing
4) Write an essay of about (150) words on only ONE of the following:
1. Hard work leads to success
2. Using modern technology is the way to make real progress.
 ‫‪Translation‬‬
‫‪5) A- Translate into Arabic:‬‬
‫‪It is thought that money is the source of all evil. It encourages some young men to do bad habits.‬‬
‫‪Moreover, it urges some people to commit crimes such as theft, violence, forgery and murder.‬‬

‫‪B) Translate into English:‬‬

‫§ ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺄﺧـذ ﻗﺳطـﺎ ﻣن اﻟراﺣـﺔ ﻟﻛﻲ ﺗﺟـدد ﻧﺷﺎطـك وﺗﻛـون ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺗـﺎج‪.‬‬
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