TECHNOLOGY AND
Free Edge
3 2
Cuticle
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
Nail Plate
4
Lunula5
Matrix and Rest
NO
T
Home Economics
Beauty/Nail Care Services
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Apply
Hand
Treatment (1)
Home Economics
Beauty/ Nail Care Services
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Apply Hand Treatment (1)
MARY GRACE C.CANO
SUBJECT TEACHER
Lesson
1
Nail Structure and Conditions
What I Need to Know
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the competencies in Home Economics - Beauty/ Nail Care
Services Grade 10. The scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used identifies the varied
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to complement with the textbook you are now using. The
content of this lesson comprised of the information about the nail structure
and conditions with the following objectives;
• identify nail structure and condition;
• check and analyze condition of clients’ hand;
• perform the shaping of the nail; and
• appreciate the benefit of having healthy hands and feet.
What I Know (Pre Test)
Hello learners! Before you will start to explore this lesson, let us determine your
stock knowledge about the nail structure and basic nail shapes. Try this test
I. Directions. A.1. Label the different parts of nail.
A.2. Identify the different shapes of nail.
a. __________ b. _________ c. __________ d. _________ e. _________
II. Directions. Enumerate the basic structures of the nail and describe each with one
Phrase or sentence only.
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
6. ___________ - __________________________________________
7. ___________ - __________________________________________
What’s In
Hello learners! Beauty Care is everywhere, isn’t it?
Yes, people are investing money going in the salon to beautify themselves
regardless of gender. The reason why beauty salons are one of the fastest growing
industries.
The fact is, looking handsome or pretty is what most of us would want. The
reason why we take good care of care of our body.
What’s New
That’s right! All parts of our body should be taken care of even the tips of our
finger where the nails are located.
Describe the picture below. What do you think are these students doing?
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You have noticed a group of students having their hands-on activity in nail care,
right? Nail Care involves any hand treatment services like manicure or pedicure, hand
spa, hand massage and any other beautification of the hands and feet that is performed
by a well-trained staff called a nail technician.
So, today we will learn all about the nails, its structures and shape. Are you
ready?
What Is It
As a beauty care student or a future nail technician someday, why do you need
to learn the structure of the nail?
The fact is that the structure and growth of the nail are certainly not the most
glamorous portion of your training in nail care, but could be one of the most essential.
More infections are spread through the nails and hands than any other parts of the
body.
Nails are one of the key parts of our body, which are not only the main focus of
the wellness goals of many men and women but also serve as a potent indicator of a
person’s health.
To give clients professional and responsible service, you must learn about the
structure of the nail. You must know when it is safe to work on a client and when they
must be referred to a doctor. So, learning about the structure and growth of the nail is
extremely relevant to your future success and well-being.
Please read further…
Basic Information about Nail
A nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The main
relevance of the nail is to protect the fingers and toes but take note that fingernail also
assists with certain physical activities in daily life.
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Basic Structures of the Nail
Structures of Nail
1. Lunula - the pearly colored and crescent-shaped
is due to the cells being pushed closer together.
2. Cuticle - it is the transparent skin, which is called
the 'true cuticle’ that is removed during the
manicuring process.
3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed
and shaped into oval, round, stiletto, etc. It is an
extension of the nail plate that extends the
hyponychium.
Photo credit by Lucille N. Quiriado
4. Matrix - the only living, reproducing part of the nail. This is situated directly below the
cuticle. New cells develop here and continually push towards to form the nail plate. It
also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with
oto credit by Lucille Quiriado
nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will manifest deformation.
5. Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on which extends up to the
matrix. It is supplied with blood vessels and nerves on the undersurface of the nail
plate.
6. Nail walls - the skin that overlaps the sides of the nail. They contain your nail in
place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail Plate - is a visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is
made up of dead cells and enough moisture. 5
Shapes of Nail
The shape of nail conforms to that of fingertips of an individual.
Stilleto/pointed Squoval Round Square Oval/Almond
a. Stiletto/ pointed nail - filed away at the sides to a point at the tip; this shape is very
weak as the sides of the nail.
b. Squoval – a combination of square and oval shape, done by squaring off the
tip, which gives the nail tip strength over the oval shape.
c. Round nail - ideal for shorter nails, the nail is allowed to grow out straight at
the sides for approximately 1.5 mm and then the tip is filed into a rounded
shape.
d. Square nail-it is created by allowing the nail to grow out straight and then filing
the tip straight across at right angles with the rest of the nail plate.
e. Oval nail - this is common among people with long, perfect nail beds. It may be
filed slightly rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the fingertips.
Your Opinion Matters
Directions. Answer briefly the questions. Refer to the rubrics given below.
1. What is the benefit of having healthy nails?
2. As a future nail technician, how important is determining the client’s
structure of the nail before performing the nail services?
Rubrics
Dimension Fair 5 points Good Very Good
20points 25 points
Students were able to Student were able to Students were able to
Knowledge
convey limited ideas on convey a few ideas on convey several ideas on
the topic with little the topic with some the topic with a good
and
knowledge degree of knowledge degree
understanding
of knowledge
Work was prepared and Work was prepared Work was prepared and
planned with little and planned with planned with
Accuracy
effectiveness some effectiveness considerable
effectiveness
Learners put little or no Learners put some effort Learners put full
Effort effort into this activity. into this activity. effort into this
activity.
What’s More
What’s up! Now that you know the structure and shapes of the nail. Try to
examine your hands too by answering this activity. You can do this.
Nail Care
Directions. In your activity notebook, trace your hand using your pen or pencil and
write inside each finger the things you love to do with the help of your
hands. Below your drawing, answer the question, how important are your
hands and nails to be healthy?
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Rubrics
Content Fair Good Very Good
5 points 20 points 25 points
Students were able to Students were able to Students were able to
Knowledge
convey limited ideas on convey a few ideas on convey several ideas on
the topic with little the topic with some the topic with a good
and
knowledge degree of knowledge degree
understanding
of knowledge
Work was prepared and Work was prepared Work was prepared and
planned with little and planned with some planned with
Accuracy
effectiveness effectiveness considerable
effectiveness
Learners put little or no Learners put some effort Learners put full
Effort effort into this activity. into this activity. effort into this
activity.
What I Have Learned
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Hi there! Now that you know the structure of the nails and its different shapes.
You are ready to explore more by answering the activity below.
Directions. A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer to complete the sentence.
You will have two responses every number.
1. Free edge is the portion of the nail that can be filed and _____. It is an extension of
the _______ that overlaps the hyponychium.
2. __________are the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. It holds your nail
in place and protects the _________ edges.
3. Nail bed is the portion of the nail that the nail plate _______ on, also an extension of
the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with _______ and nerves on the under surface
of the nail plate.
4. _______ is the only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly below
the _______. New cells form here and repeatedly push towards to produce the nail
plate. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with
nourishment. If the matrix is injured the nail will grow deformed.
5. _____________ is a noticeable nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge.
This is made up from _______ and a minimum amount of moisture.
Directions. B. Match the items in column A with the correct answer in column B.
Column A Column B
____ 1. One of the potential indicators of a person’s health a. round shape
____ 2. Ideal shape for shorter nails b. nails
____ 3. a combination of square and oval shape c. squoval shape
____ 4. this shape is very weak as the sides of the nail d. stiletto shape
____ 5. common among people with long, perfect nail beds e. oval shape
f. nail plate
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What I Can Do
Hi learners! Are you still there? There you are, stay tuned for another exercise.
This time let us practice through hands-on exercise, performing the nail shapes.
Filing is the easiest way to shape your nails without causing damage or cracks
on the nails. It simply makes the nails look good with the desired shape. Learn how to
file nails and appreciate creating various nail shapes!
For the next activity, you will need the following;
Nail Cutter
Cuticle Pusher Nail Buffe Nail File Nail Brush
Do it Yourself! Nail Shape.
Directions. Follow the procedure below to perform the nail shape activity. Refer to the
rubrics for the performance given below the procedure.
1. Prepare and assemble all the tools needed.
2. Choose among the five basic nail shapes, then practice in your nail your
chosen shape.
3. Cut your nail with the use of the nail cutter.
4. Hold the nail file board lightly between your thumb and index finger.
5. Start filing the free edge of the nail in one direction. Do not file backward and
forward to avoid cracks. Continue until the desired shape is achieved (oval,
round, oval, squoval, and pointed).
6. Remove dust to finish.
7. Record your performance through a video or photos. In the absence of these
gadgets, you may write a short narration of your experience in your activity
notebook.
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Assessment (Post-test)
Congratulations learners! You have come this far. Take the post-test to evaluate
your learning and you’re finally done.
A. Direction. A.1. Label the different parts of nail.
A.2. Identify the different shapes of nail.
a.
__________ b. _________ c. __________ d. _________ e. _________
II. Direction. Enumerate the basic structures of the nail and describe each with one
Phrase or sentence only.
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
6. ___________ - __________________________________________
7. ___________ - _________________________________________
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I. Direction. Match Column A with the correct answer in column B
COLUMN A
1. a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the distal (free)
edge of the nail plate
2. extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused by varying
degree of hyperkeratosis
3. a condition nail plate which splits from the nail bed
4. nail condition in which the cuticle separates around the nail
5. chronic soreness of the nail fold and nail bed (matrix)
6. is referred to ingrown nails which affect the fingers and toenails
7. infectious disease caused by a vegetable parasite
8. abnormality of nail plate caused by biting nails
9. an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to the surfaces of nail plate
10. is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually
resulting from illness.
COLUMN B
a. Blue nails
b. Brittle nails
c. Claw nails
d. Eggshell nails
e. Hangnails
f. Onychauxis or
hypertrophy
g. Onychia
h. Onychocryptosis
i. Onychomycosis
j. Onychophagy or
bitten nail
k. Pterygium
l. Ridges
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