[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
124 views4 pages

Data Analysis & Graphs Guide

Double bar graphs allow comparison of two quantities for the same observation. For example, a double bar graph could compare the marks obtained by students in two tests to see which week students performed better. Averages like the arithmetic mean and range can summarize data. The mean is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest observation. Probability is a measure of the chance that an event will occur. It is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. Data is organized into graphs and charts like pictographs and bar graphs to make it easier to understand and interpret.

Uploaded by

Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
124 views4 pages

Data Analysis & Graphs Guide

Double bar graphs allow comparison of two quantities for the same observation. For example, a double bar graph could compare the marks obtained by students in two tests to see which week students performed better. Averages like the arithmetic mean and range can summarize data. The mean is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest observation. Probability is a measure of the chance that an event will occur. It is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. Data is organized into graphs and charts like pictographs and bar graphs to make it easier to understand and interpret.

Uploaded by

Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Double Bar Graphs

Double bar graphs are an effective tool to compare the values of two quantities for the same
observation. For example, consider the marks obtained by five students of a class in two tests.
Using a double bar graph, we can analyse which week students had better
marks.

Averages

Arithmetic Mean and Range


The average or arithmetic mean or mean of a given data is defined as :

Mean=Sum of all observations / Number of observations


The difference between the highest and the lowest observations in a given data is called
its Range.
Example: Ages of all 10 teachers in grade 7 are : 25, 43, 34, 55, 44, 60, 32, 29, 35, 40.
Mean = 43+34+55+44+60,+32+29+35+40 = 39.7 years
Range = Higest Observation – Lowest Observation = 60 – 25 = 35

Median
When a given data is arranged in ascending (or descending) order, then the middlemost
observation is called the median of the data.
Example : Marks scored by seven students in a class are: 21, 32, 18 ,93, 21, 36, 50.
Observations in ascending order: 18, 21, 21, 32, 36, 50, 93.
Middle most value = 32
∴ Median is 32.
18,772
Mode
The mode of a set of observations is the observation that occurs most often.
Example: Given set of numbers: 1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 4
Ascending Order = 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4
∴ Mode of this data is 2 because it occurs more frequently.
Note: A data can have more than 1 mode.

Chance and Probability


Probability is the measure or the chance of occurrence of a particular event. Experiments
which do not have a fixed result are known as random experiments.
Number of outcomes or Sample Space The set of all the possible outcomes to occur in any
experiment is known as sample space.
Examples: Experiment : Tossing a coin, Sample Space (S) = {H,T}
Experiment : Rolling a die, Sample Space (S) = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Favourable outcome – It is one of the possible result(s) of an experiment.
Examples : In an experiment of Tossing a coin, getting a head. Favourable outcome = {H} In an
experiment of Rolling a die, getting an even number Favourable outcomes = {2,4,6} Probability of
occurrence of any event,

P(E)=NumberoffavourableoutcomesTotalNumberofOutcomes
Example: Find the probability of getting an even number when a die is rolled. Sample Space (S)
= {1,2,3,4,5,6} , Favourable outcomes =
{2,4,6} P(E)=NumberoffavourableoutcomesTotalNumberofOutcomes=36=12

The Scale
Large numbers cannot be represented in a bar graph, so the scaling factor is used to reduce or
scale down large numbers.
Bar graph
showing the population in some villages

Example: The scale on the y-axis is 1 unit = 200 people.

Basics: The Right Data in the Right Form

Introduction: Data
Data are individual pieces of information, information about a particular system. They can be
in the form of figures or numbers. Data is collected to analyse specific information for a specific
purpose.

Organization of Data
Data is organised and represented graphically so that it becomes easy to understand
and interpret. This is called an organisation of data.

Pictographs and Bar Graphs


A pictograph is a pictorial representation of data. Here data is represented using images of
the objects.
Pictograph
The graphical representation of data using bars of uniform width drawn vertically or
horizontally with different lengths is called as bar graphs/bar diagrams. Bar diagrams consist
of two axes: X-axis and Y-axis. The following is a bar graph showing the birthday of students in a
class. Graph showing the birthday of students in a class.

Bar
graph

You might also like