This document discusses cataloguing processes including descriptive cataloguing, subject headings, and classification. Descriptive cataloguing involves identifying and describing bibliographic and physical details of an item according to standard rules. Subject headings are terms used to organize materials by topic. The Library of Congress Subject Headings are commonly used. Classification involves logically arranging materials by topic from general to specific to facilitate browsing and retrieval. The goals of classification systems are to group related materials and guide users to relevant resources.
This document discusses cataloguing processes including descriptive cataloguing, subject headings, and classification. Descriptive cataloguing involves identifying and describing bibliographic and physical details of an item according to standard rules. Subject headings are terms used to organize materials by topic. The Library of Congress Subject Headings are commonly used. Classification involves logically arranging materials by topic from general to specific to facilitate browsing and retrieval. The goals of classification systems are to group related materials and guide users to relevant resources.
This document discusses cataloguing processes including descriptive cataloguing, subject headings, and classification. Descriptive cataloguing involves identifying and describing bibliographic and physical details of an item according to standard rules. Subject headings are terms used to organize materials by topic. The Library of Congress Subject Headings are commonly used. Classification involves logically arranging materials by topic from general to specific to facilitate browsing and retrieval. The goals of classification systems are to group related materials and guide users to relevant resources.
This document discusses cataloguing processes including descriptive cataloguing, subject headings, and classification. Descriptive cataloguing involves identifying and describing bibliographic and physical details of an item according to standard rules. Subject headings are terms used to organize materials by topic. The Library of Congress Subject Headings are commonly used. Classification involves logically arranging materials by topic from general to specific to facilitate browsing and retrieval. The goals of classification systems are to group related materials and guide users to relevant resources.
Descriptive cataloging is the process of identifying and describing the bibliographic
and physical form of an item, determining the name(s) and title(s) that will be used as access points, and recording these data in a bibliographic record. Descriptive cataloguing according to a specific rule set to define the work's title, author, publication records, physical style, and then to place it in a bibliographic record. This explains what the work is not what subjects or topics were written about in the work.
Main objective of descriptive cataloging is to enable user to find or identify the books that they need by the tittle of the books, author of the books, or by the variant title which is make the process easier than finding books on the rack without using the technology. This method has been approved by the ACCR where they provide rules for the standard form include the name, author that provide access for the descriptive cataloging. The purpose of descriptive cataloging is to involves the standard set of rules for the description such as title, author, publication record, describe the spatial scope of the task, add bibliographic notes as required, and add access points for related individuals or organisations.
Tool that been used in descriptive cataloging is Resource Description & Access (RDA) which is a series of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) based cataloguing instructions to create a description and name and title access points describing a resource. Resource Description & Access (RDA) provides libraries with the ability to dramatically alter how bibliographic data is produced and used.
Resource Description & Access (RDA) appear from the International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR held in Toronto in 1997. It is collectively published in the by the American Library Association, the Canadian Federation of Library Associations, and the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) in the United Kingdom. RDA Steering Committee (RSC) has been moving to an international governance system since 2015, and is scheduled to be in effect in 2019.
Resource Description & Access (RDA) gives a range of guidelines and
recommendations on data formulation to enable the exploration of tools. The knowledge generated to define a resource using Resource Description & Access (RDA) is intended to help users accomplish those activities.
In a conclusion, Resource Description & Access (RDA) is a set of data components,
rules, and guidance for developing metadata for library and cultural heritage services that are well-formed for user-focused related data applications according to international models.
1 Resource Description & Access (RDA) goes beyond previous cataloguing codes in that it offers advice on digital resource cataloguing and puts more focus on helping consumers search, locate, pick, and obtain the data they want.
SUBJECT HEADING
Subject heading is the topic heading is a particular term or expression used to find and arrange books and papers by subject. Topic headings can be a perfect way to identify topics that are specifically relevant to the topic. Topic headings can also be found on the title of a book that gives material to the publisher, or at or at the bottom of the page of an online book or post. If copied exactly as written, the subject heading can be used to scan for similar books or papers.
The objective of subject heading is to identify the related information on a given topic or subject. Other than that, the objectives of subject heading is to help the inquirer to find details on the relevant topic and All of these purposes presume that a match can be made between the searcher's language and the indexer's language for the subject or definition in question. The purpose of using the subject heading in the cataloguing record is to provide the individual looking for items in the library with a means of seeking information about the problems discussed by those items.
It is necessary for the cataloguer to be mindful of the various choices available, so
that the cataloguing record can be adapted to the needs of the patrons of his or her library. Although much of the cataloguing that is actually being undertaken includes the purchase or duplication of cataloguing from other sources, it is important to note that the cataloger has a great deal of flexibility in the use of topic headings, sound recordings and other objects in the library and this shown that subject heading is very important.
The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) consists of a bibliography of
subject headings held by the Library of Congress of the United States for use in bibliographic documents. LC Topic Headings are an important part of the bibliographic control function of the collection, arrangement and dissemination of records by libraries. It was first published in 1898, a year after the release of the Library of Congress Classification (1897).
The sources associated with the headings are then listed in categories, followed by subsections of the subject headings, which may include any or more of the elements referred to above of these components is included heading, class number and scope notes. In heading, ay consist of one word or several and concept are usually called in the singular and in the plural, although variations can be made. While class numbers is a numbers of
2 subject that have approved by the The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) which are usually the most common feature of the subject. For example, code QD419–QD419.7 is for Chemistry subject and for full example of Subject Heading is on below:
Figure 1.1 Subject Heading example
In a conclusion, subject heading could give benefits for the cataloguer. It is a very effective mechanism for information retrieval, even with its inherent difficulties associated with having to accept pre-coordinated sentences that are often difficult to recall. Additional complexities of vocabulary dilemmas, the uniformity of headings, the need for certificates and inverted headings remain, among others, but it is still an incredibly practical method for serious scholars, particularly when opposed to time-consuming and tedious keyword searching. Librarians worldwide should make an attempt to advocate its use.
3 CLASSIFICATION
Collections of libraries of any size are arranged according to some system and are commonly referred to as grouping. Classification is the art of bringing objects together and distinguishing the reverse. Classification is more than about choosing the right notation or category; it's about partnership. It includes a logical structure of topics and subtopics from the general to the unique, which can be converted into a linear arrangement of materials in the library.
Objective of classification to show the books looks together. In the order most suitable for the reader and the librarians, the grouping arranges books. Readers should find all the books and librarians should find the records with a minimum of time and resources. All the works on the same subject are collected in the classification. Other than that, this helps in bibliographic research. Bibliographic research is important because it assists in the collection of bibliographies, catalogues and catalogues in the union.
The purpose of classification is to bring the relevant materials together. A very
beneficial series. Accessibility is highly important if the set is heterogeneous. It is convenient and attractive, in fact, in the open-shelf collections of which most libraries in the United States are dedicated. Each classification system's ultimate goal is to take users to the appropriate documents. Beside, Library is going to procure new documents from time to time and the grouping of libraries can also help to find the most beneficial location for each of the library collections. In this respect, there are two choices. The new books may or may now be a topic of the grouping of libraries, or they may be or may not have been an emerging subject in the current scheme.
The importance of classification to make sure that the references are in the correct replacement. Documents should be substituted in their correct positions once they are removed from the shelf. It is critical, after they have been returned from use, that library classification enables correct replacement of records. A mechanized structure would be needed to make this arrangement permanent. Classification of libraries provides tools to articulate and conserve knowledge and adjusting the physical format of such products if appropriate.
The Library of Congress (LC) was founded in 1800. There was 740, a room in the Capitol and a librarian to supervise the archive in the Library of Congress. Its early classification scheme was ordered by accession numbers by scale sub. The collection had gone up to more than 3,000 volumes by 1812, and a better classification system was
4 needed. More libraries have adopted Library of Congress Classification (LCC) for both subject cataloguing and shelf listing in recent decades, since the Library of Congress electronically published the documents in its online catalogue.
Library of Congress Classification is a listing method for the classification of libraries
that classifies by discipline, i.e. a system that lists numbers for independent, compound, and complex topics. The key Library of Congress Classification (LCC) classes constitute major disciplines which are further classified into subclasses. A hierarchical show for Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is generated by such a categorization, moving from the general to the particular. Indentions suggest degrees of hierarchy in the schedules.
The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) schedules were separately created and added to the Library of Congress by a committee of topic experts based upon a "literary warrant" of the content. Each schedule stands by itself because of its inherent peculiarities and certain variations from discipline to discipline. In main classes, the whole area of knowledge is classified into 21 major classes, each marked with one alphabet capital letter. The letters I, O W, X, Y were not allocated but could be used for future growth. The letters
In sub classes, With the exception of E and F, each major class will also be split into subclasses covering main class disciplines or major divisions. Most subclasses are referenced by a combination of two letters or even three letters. But in divisions, the fact each subclass will be subdivided into subclass components to define shape, place, time & subtopics. The numbers 1-9999, others with decimal extension denote these. There may be also a cutter number for certain subtopics. Below is the example of classification number:
Figure 1.2 Library of Congress Classification example
The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is well known and used by influential US and international libraries for many years. Over the past century, Library of Congress Classification (LCC)'s function has been increased from a tool to find library collections on racks to an internet searching tool and most recently, to arrange and provide access to electronic and networking tools. In the current context, the role of Library of Congress Classification (LCC) as a mechanism for information organization is still to be completely
5 utilised. As a method for organising web services, Library of Congress Classification (LCC) has great potential. It will support browsing and search limitation or extension.
In a range of different applications outside its familiar position as a shelf locating unit, Library of Congress Classification (LCC) with its well-defined divisions, advanced hierarchies, world widely usage and mapping for other topic schemes such as Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH) promises. The scheme seems to be a classic example of a scheme which has been popular for many years and has the fantastic future of the library of Congress, the world's largest and most important library.
6 REFERENCE
Wikipedia contributors. (2020, November 10). Resource Description and Access.
In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia. Retrieved November 16, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Resource_Description_and_Access&oldid=988082788.
Mason M. K. (2020, November 16) How Useful are Library of Congress Subject Headings?. Retrieved from http://www.moyak.com/papers/library-congress-subject-headings.html
