ESE170: Principles of Digital Design
Spring 2011
Jan Van der Spiegel
201 Moore School
jan@seas.upenn.edu Examples where digital
circuits are used
EE Times, Berkeley Design Tech.
(AMD X4 Proc; photo: Sc. Am, Jan. 2010) (D. Rommel)
http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~ese170
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Digital circuits are everywhere -
… IC for systems meeting society’s needs Life Changers
Of these 30 innovations , 10
are directly related to
advances in Digital Logic and
Solid State Circuits;
Another 8 are the
indirect results of ICs.
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J. Van der Spiegel Chapter 1; Intro and 1.1 (Source: C.ESE170-1-4
Claeys, IMEC) J. Van der Spiegel Chapter 1; Intro and 1.1 ESE170-1-5
See artilcel at: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2163
Transformational effect ESE170: Principles of Digital Design
Advances in ICs have transformed businesses, industries, and Deals with building blocks of
societies worldwide.
digital systems
New opportunities for socio-economic advances and human
development have become feasible. ?
Lives of people all over the world have improved through advances in (Intel)
health care
care, safety
safety, education
education, etc
etc.
Wealth is being created in various parts of the world.
With new technologies come also new responsibilities such as
privacy, IP protection, wealth distribution, …
As engineers, we have to make choices; e.g. trade-offs between
cost and safety, …
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What are Logic Gates built from? What is a Transistor?
Transistors: Electronic, solid-state device that can amplify
The transistor is the workhorse of every an electric signal:
electronic device. » Vout > Vin
out
» Powerout > Powerin
B
in
n
Transistor
[ESE216, transistor
S
(Source: IMEC)
ESE370]
Id
input
output
Mike
Digital building blocks
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More about it in ESE216/319,370.
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Digital Model of a Transistor Ten quintillion
We make abstraction of the signals: 0 or 1 Ten quintillion: 10x1018
As a result a transistors can be » Is about the number
grains of rice harvested
considered a switch (on or off; 1 or ;):
in 2004
» Number of transistors
fabricated in 2004
» In 2008: 1B transistors
fabricated/capita
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What is an IC? Intel Itanium 9300 Tukwila Processor
An Integrated Circuit is a miniaturized
electronic circuits whose components
(transistors, resistors, capacitors) are
build on the surface of a semiconductor
wafer using the same planar fabrication
wafer,
technology.
(source: www.tgdaily.com)
Four cores
(Source: http://www.majelac.com/images/wafer_dicing.jpg) (Source: Wikipedia)
Over 2 billion transistors!
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J. Van der Spiegel Chapter
(Picture: Scientific American, 1; Intro
Jan. 2010) and 1.1 ESE170-1-13 J. Van der Spiegel Chapter 1; Intro and 1.1 ESE170-1-15
Chip complexity World of the Small
Circuit Level (ESE216/319)
5 layers of interconnections
Complexity of the USA
(AMD X4 Proc: 758 million transistors; photo: Sc. Am, Jan. 2010)
Submicron and nanoscale dimensions
Chip level (IBM Corp.)
(ESE460/570)
Logic Level (ESE170)
PENN Compare to a street map PENN
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Moore’s Law Embedded Systems
Chip complexity doubles every two years Examples of Embedded Systems
Applications
» Cell phones
First 2-Billion
Trans. Processor
(Tukwila: Itanium
» Automobiles
processor);
P d ti Q1
Production
2010
Q1, » Video games
» Copiers
» Dishwashers
» Flat Panel TVs
» Global Positioning Systems
» Airplanes
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Abstraction and Dealing with
Complexity
State of the art digital Operating Syst Device drivers
Level of abstraction for a digital systems:
systems are very CIS371
complex: Architecture Instructions Reg
How to Design such complex » E.g. Pentium contains 55
million transistors (or MicroArchit
ESE350
Datapaths, Control U
systems?
(ESE170)
over 10 million gates)!
» Designing this is very, L i
Logic Adders, Memory
very complex
Divide and Conquer The only way to deal Digital Crts Gates (AND, OR)
with this complexity is to
Make Abstractions make abstraction: Analog Crts Amplifier, Filters
(ESE216/319/419)
hiding details that are
Reuse previous designs (IP) not important.
Devices Transistors
(ESE218)
Physics Electrons
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and Comp. and
Arch, 1.1
Elsevier 07) ESE170-1-26
ESE170
Introduction to modern logic
design and digital building blocks:
» Digital circuits, Logic design and
Back to ESE170 Micro-operations
Focus on how to design and build
Digital Systems:
» From simple gates to more complex
building blocks. XC4000 XC4000 XC4000
Learn modern tools to design
PENN digital
PENN circuits.
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Staying informed about latest
Beyond ESE170 development in EE, CE
ESE170 is only one aspect of building
digital systems.
What else?
» Using digital systems (microcontrollers) in
embedded
b dd d systems
t [ESE350]
» Programming [CIS110, 120]
» Computer Design [CIS371]
» Working with digital signals [DSP such as ESE530]
» Chip Design [ESE570, ESE572]
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Staying informed about latest development
in EE, CE
Become a (student) member of a
professional society, e.g.
» ACM
» IEEE ((Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers):
– Student membership costs only $35
– Gives access to a wealth of information, e.g. a
monthly magazine called Spectrum
– Information about membership:
http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/join/index.html
PENN PENN (http://spectrum.ieee.org/)
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IEEE Electronic Systems
Consists of an analog part and a digital
part.
» Analog: amplifier at the input, filters, power
output amplifier signal transmission
» Digital: signal processing, filtering, display,
etc.
» Mixed analog-digital: A/D converters
ESE216 focus mainly on the analog part (more in ESE319, E
ESE170/171 deals with the digital part (more in ESE350, ESE
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35
Objectives of ESE170
You will learn
» to apply the principles of Boolean Algebra to manipulate
and minimize logic expressions; [a1]
Course Outcomes » the operation of combinational circuits such as muxes,
coders and decoders, combinational adders, and
multipliers; [a3]
What you will know at the end of » the operation of latches, flip-flops, counters, registers, and
the semester register transfers; [a4]
» the operation of sequential circuits and design finite state
machines [a5]
» the concepts of data paths, control units and micro-
operations and building block of digital systems. [a6]
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Objectives (cont.) ESE170 Policies
See Blackboard for more details.
» Designing digital circuits and systems [c]
HWs: weekly (see ESE170 Syllabus)
» Learn the operation of state-of-the-art components » Posted on Blackboard each Monday
such as memories, PLA, PALs and programmable » Due on Mondays before START of class (no late
logic devices (such as FPGAs); [h] h
hws are accepted)
t d)
» Collaboration is allowed but not copying from each
» Become aware of how digital circuits are used in
real-world applications and its impact on society [j] other!
» Questions about grading of HWs or exams need to
be presented within one week after receiving the
graded assignment.
Overall grade: 20% HW; 40% MTs; 40% final.
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Textbook ESE171: Lab
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4th edition, by Mano
and Kime, Prentice Hall, 2008. – available in the bookstore with
First lab is on January 18th (Tue group)
Xilinx Software CD and January 21 for Friday group.
Pre-lab deadlines:
» For online pre-labs (Blackboard):
– Tue group: Tue 3pm (available Sunday night)
– Fr. groups: Fr. 12pm (available Wed. night)
» For regular pre-labs: at the START of lab
E-book is also available from CourseSmart
(http://www.coursesmart.com/givecoursesmartatry?xmlid=978013604185 Lab: Room 204 Moore (Ketterer lab).
6&__instructor=1194468)
Student resources (including solutions to selected problems): Working in groups of 2
http://www.writphotec.com/mano4/ XC4000 XC4000 XC4000
See also books on reserve in the Towne Library
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Further Reading
How a chip is made: Intel Museum online:
http://www.intel.com/museum/onlineexhibits.htm
Chip History Center:
http://www.intel.com/museum/onlineexhibits.htm
Explore Engineering:
http://www.tryengineering.org/become.php?major Electrical Engi
http://www.tryengineering.org/become.php?major=Electrical+Engi
neering
Sloan Career Center: Engineering
http://www.careercornerstone.org/engineering/engineering.htm
Career Podcasts: http://www.careercornerstone.org/podcast.htm
Future developments: The Next 20 Years of Microchips,”
Scientific American, pp. 82-89, January 2010.
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