CSE 111: Logic Design
Introduction
1
What is Logic Design?
• What is design?
• Given a problem specification, come up with a way of solving.
• This involve choosing appropriate components while meeting some
criteria for size, cost, power, beauty, elegance, etc.
• What is logic design?
• Determining the collection of digital logic components to perform a
specified control and/or data manipulation and/or communication
functions and the interconnections between them
• Which logic components to choose? – there are many
implementation technologies (e.g., off-the-shelf fixed-function
components, programmable devices, transistors on a chip, etc.)
• The design may need to be optimized and/or transformed to meet
design constraints
2
Why study Logic Design?
• Obvious reason
• This course is part of the Mechatronics engineering
program requirements
• More important reasons
• It is the basis for all modern computing/control devices
• First step in understanding hardware design and parallel
computation
• It offers an interesting exposure of building large things
from small components
3
Applications of logic design
• Conventional computer design
• CPUs, busses, peripherals
• Networking and communications
• phones, modems, routers
• Embedded products
• in cars, toys, appliances, entertainment devices
• Scientific equipment
• testing, sensing, reporting
• The world of computing is much-much bigger than just PCs!
4
Digital Circuits are Everywhere
Communications
Multi-media
Manufacturing
Consumer electronics
Health care
(Source: R. Tummala, IEEE Spectrum, June 2006)
Defense and security
Software
Automotive, etc
Life Changers
Of these 30 innovations , 10
are directly related to
advances in Digital Logic and
Solid State Circuits;
Another 8 are the
indirect results of ICs.
See artilcel at: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2163
Digital Logic
Deals with building blocks of digital systems
(Intel)
What are Logic Gates built from?
Transistors:
• The transistor is the workhorse of every electronic device.
Transistor
Digital building blocks
What is a Transistor?
• Electronic, solid-state device that can amplify an
electric signal:
• Vout > Vin
out
• Powerout > Powerin
B
in
transistor
S
(Source: IMEC)
Id
input
output
Mike
Digital Model of a Transistor
• We make abstraction of the signals: 0 or 1
• As a result a transistors can be considered a switch (on or off; 1 or ;):
Ten quintillion
• Ten quintillion: 10x1018
• Is about the number grains of
rice harvested in 2004
• Number of transistors
fabricated in 2004
• In 2008: 1B transistors
fabricated/capita
What is an IC?
• An Integrated Circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuits whose
components (transistors, resistors, capacitors) are built on the surface
of a semiconductor wafer, using the same planar fabrication
technology.
(Source: http://www.majelac.com/images/wafer_dicing.jpg) (Source: Wikipedia)
(Picture: Scientific American, Jan. 2010)
Intel Itanium 9300 Tukwila Processor
(source: www.tgdaily.com)
Four cores
Over 2 billion transistors!
World of the Small
Circuit Level
5 layers of interconnections
Chip level (IBM Corp.)
Logic Level
Moore’s Law
Chip complexity doubles every two years
First 2-Billion
Trans. Processor
(Tukwila: Itanium
processor);
Production Q1,
2010
How to Design such complex
systems?
• Make Abstractions
• Divide and Conquer
• Reuse previous designs (IP)
Importance of Abstraction
• Real world is very messy – can be described by the laws of Physics
• For EE, CS, these laws are Maxwell’s equations (Electromagnetics)
• Simplifications (abstractions):
• Lumped models (R, L, C, V)
• Amplifier level
• Digital abstraction:
• Gate level (inverter, AND gates)
• …
Digital Abstractions (simplifications)
• Transistors → switches
• Gates: inverter, AND, OR, etc.
• Next level: Combinational logic
• Next: Synchronous and sequential logic
• Next: Computational architecture: X86
• Next: Language Abstraction
• Software System Abstraction (OS, Linux, Windows)
Thanks to these levels of abstractions one can build
useful things, e.g. iPad, etc.
CSE 111
• Introduction to modern logic design and digital
building blocks:
• Digital circuits and Logic design
• Focus on how to design and build Digital
Systems:
• From simple gates to more complex building
blocks.
• Learn modern tools to design digital circuits.
XC4000 XC4000 XC4000
Beyond CSE 111
• CSE 111 is only one aspect of building digital systems.
• What else?
• Using digital systems (FPGAs) in embedded systems
• Computer Design
• Chip Design
